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Los condicionales se emplean para especular acerca de lo que podría ocurrir, lo que
puede haber ocurrido y lo que desearíamos que ocurriese. En inglés, la mayoría de las
oraciones que emplean el tiempo verbal condicional contienen el término "if". Muchas de las
construcciones condicionales del inglés se utilizan en oraciones que incluyen verbos en
pasado. Este uso se denomina "el pasado irreal" porque empleamos un tiempo verbal de
pasado pero no estamos refiriéndonos a algo que haya sucedido realmente. Hay cinco
formas principales de construir oraciones condicionales en inglés. En todos los casos, se
componen de una proposición o cláusula con "if" y una proposición principal. En muchas
oraciones condicionales negativas existe una construcción alternativa equivalente que usa
"unless" en lugar de "if".
Conditionals
Conditionals are used to speculate about what might happen, what may have happened,
and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional tense
contain the term "if". Many of the conditional constructions in English are used in sentences
that include verbs in the past tense. This use is called "the unreal past" because we are
using a past tense but we are not referring to something that actually happened. There are
five main ways to build conditional sentences in English. In all cases, they consist of an "if"
statement or clause and a main statement. In many negative conditional sentences there is
an equivalent alternative construction that uses "unless" instead of "if".
El "zero conditional" se utiliza cuando el tiempo al que nos referimos es ahora o siempre
y la situación es real y posible. Este tipo de condicional suele emplearse para hablar de
hechos generales. El tiempo verbal de ambas proposiciones es el "simple present". En las
oraciones condicionales de tipo 0, el término "if" puede normalmente sustituirse por "when"
sin que cambie el significado.
The "zero conditional" is used when the time we are referring to is now or always and the
situation is real and possible. This type of conditional is usually used to talk about general
facts. The verb tense of both propositions is the "simple present". In type 0 conditional
sentences, the term "if" can usually be substituted for "when" without changing the meaning.
Condicional tipo 1
Conditional type 1
The "type 1 conditional" is used to refer to the present or future when the situation is real.
The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these
sentences, the "if" clause adopts the "simple present" and the main clause the "simple
future".
Proposición "if" Proposición principal
Oraciones
Condicional tipo 2
El "type 2 conditional" se utiliza para referirse a un tiempo que puede ser ahora o en
cualquier momento y a una situación que no es real. Estas oraciones no aluden a hechos.
El condicional tipo 2 se emplea para hacer referencia a una condición hipotética y su
resultado probable. En estas oraciones, la proposición "if" adopta el "simple past" y la
cláusula principal el "present conditional".
Conditional type 2
The "type 2 conditional" is used to refer to a time that can be now or at any time and to a
situation that is not real. These sentences do not allude to facts. The type 2 conditional is
used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its likely outcome. In these sentences, the "if"
clause adopts the "simple past" and the main clause the "present conditional".
Oraciones
Condicional tipo 3
Conditional type 3
The "type 3 conditional" is used to refer to a time in the past and a situation contrary to
reality. It is based on facts that are opposite to what is being expressed. The type 3
conditional is used to refer to a condition in the past that is not real, as well as its probable
result in the past. In these sentences, the "if" clause adopts the "past perfect" and the main
clause the "perfect conditional".
If this thing had happened that thing would have happened. (ninguna
de tales cosas sucedió realmente) O
that thing would have been happening.
If you had studied harder you would have passed the exam.
Oraciones
6. If I had known you were coming I would have prepared a delicious meal
(Si hubiera sabido que vendrías, habría preparado una comida deliciosa)
10. If you had answered the phone, I would have told you the news
(Si hubieras contestado el teléfono, te habría contado la noticia)