English IV – Lesson 2.

English Level 4
Lesson 2.2
Activities

Actividad de práctica 2.2: IF YOU PLAY WITH FIRE…

Esta es una lección muy importante, por lo que debes considerar que en la lección uno
repasamos algunas notas gramáticas del condicional cero se utiliza para expresar hechos o
situaciones que siempre se cumplen, es decir, para expresar verdades universales.
Si llueve la carretera se moja.

¿PARA QUÉ SIRVE?

• Utilizamos las condicionales para indicar una condición y un resultado y por lo tanto
consiste en dos frases, la principal y la que indica la condición.
• Este tipo de frases se utilizan para hablar de situaciones que siempre tienen lugar.

¿CÓMO SE FORMA?
AFIRMATIVA: La condicional cero se forma con el Presente Simple en la 'if-clause' y en la
'main clause'.
[IF... + PRESENT SIMPLE] + [PRESENT SIMPLE]
Si llueve la carretera se moja.
If it rains, the road gets wet.

* En este caso indicamos algo que siempre ocurre, es decir, una verdad universal.
También se puede utilizar junto a un imperativo. Ve los ejemplos:
Si llueve no cojas el coche.
If it rains, don’t use the car.

NEGATIVA: Para hacer una condicional negativa podemos utilizar dos estructuras
diferentes. La primera sería negando los verbos normalmente.
 Si no llueve la carretera no se moja.
If it doesn't rain, the road doesn’t get wet.

Sin embargo, también podemos utilizar 'unless' seguido del verbo en afirmativa,
manteniendo el mismo significado.
A menos que llueva, la carretera no se moja.
Unless it rains, the road doesn’t get wet.

¿QUÉ DEBO RECORDAR?

ORDEN: Recuerda que estas dos frases pueden intercambiarse el orden, es decir, que
podemos también encontrar la 'main-clause' primero y luego la 'if-clause'.

If it rains, the road gets wet.

The road gets wet if it rains.

*1 Cuando la 'if-clause' está delante separamos las frases con una coma, de lo contrario
no es necesario.

Actividad 1 :Write examples using zero conditionals:

For example:

(not / rain / the flowers / die)- If it doesn ’t rain , the flowers die.

1. (I / wake up late / I / be late for work)

___If I wake up late, I'll be late for work.

__________________________________________

2. (my husband / cook / he / burn the food)

____If my husband cooks, he will burn the food.

__________________________________________
3. (Julie / not wear a hat / she / get sunstroke)

_____If Julie doesn't wear a hat, she will get sunstroke.

__________________________________________

4. (children / not eat well / they / not be healthy)

_____If the children don't eat well, they won't be healthy.

__________________________________________

5. (you / mix water and electricity / you / get a shock)

If you mix water and electricity, you'll get a shock.

________________________________________________

6. (people / eat / too many sweets / they / get fat)

_____ If people eat too many sweets, they'll get fat.

_____________________________________________

7. (you / smoke / you / get yellow fingers)

If you smoke, you'll get yellow fingers.

______________________________________________________

8. (children / play outside / they / not get overweight)

______If the children play outside, they will not get overweight.
_________________________________________________

9. (you / heat ice / it / melt)

If you heat ice, it will melt.

_________________________________________________________

10. (I / speak to John / he / get annoyed)

______If I speak to John, he'll get annoyed.

____________________________________________________

1st conditional : Se forma con if + simple present + simple future.

Se emplea cuando una situación es real o posible.
 If it rains today, I'll stay at home.

Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos traducidos.

If clause Main clause

If + Present tense will / can / may / must + verb

If it rains today, I'll stay at home

 If it rains today, I'll stay at home.

Si llueve hoy, me quedaré en casa.
 If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow.
Si está ocupado ahora, regresaré mañana.
 If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon.
Si tengo tiempo, visitaré a mis padres esta tarde
 If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
Si está caluroso mañana, iremos a la playa.
 If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes.
Si está frío, debes usar ropa abrigada.
 If he doesn't do his homework, he can not go to the party.
Si él no hace su tarea, no puede ir a la fiesta.
 If she doesn't call you, you can call her.
Si ella no te llama, tú puedes llamarla.
 If you work hard, you may become a millonaire someday.
Si trabajas duro, puede que te conviertas en un millonario algún día.

Actividad 2:
Complete the sentences using the first conditional structure.

1. If I GO out tonight, I MAY/WILL GO to the cinema.

2. If you GET back late, I WILL BE angry.
3. If we DON’T SEE each other tomorrow,
 we MAY/WILL SEE each other next week.
4. If he COMES, I WILL BE surprised.
5. If we WAIT here, we MAY/WILL BE late.
6. If we GO on holiday this summer,
we MAY/WILL/MUST GO to Spain.
7. If the weather DOESN’T IMPROVE,
we WON’T/MAY NOT/MUSTN’T HAVE a picnic.
8. If I DON’T GO to bed early, I WILL BE tired tomorrow.
9. If we EAT all this cake, we WILL FEEL sick.
10. If you DON’T WANT to go out, I WILL/MUST COOK dinner at home

2nd conditional : Refiere a una situación hipotética y se forma según la estructura if + simple
past + simple condicional. Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos traducidos.

If clause Main clause

If + Past Simple would / could / might + verb

If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.

 If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.

Si ganara la lotería, viajaría por todo el mundo.
 If I were in Brazil, I would go to Rio de Janeiro.
Si yo estuviese en Brasil, iría a Río de Janeiro.
 If I were you, I would buy that car.
Si yo fuese tú, compraría ese auto.
 If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this.
Si él estuviese en mi lugar, no haría esto.
 If I had more money, I would buy a nice apartment.
Si yo tuviese más dinero, me compraría un lindo apartamento.
 If she had more time, she would travel more often.
Si ella tuviera más tiempo, viajaría más a menudo.
 If it were not raining, we could go out.
Si no estuviese lloviendo, podríamos salir.
 If we didn't have to work today, we could have a picnic.
Si no tuviésemos que trabajar hoy, podríamos tener un picnic.

Actividad 3: Answer the following exercise with the 2nd conditional

1. Poor William! Complete the sentences with the correct verb. In the sentences where both
was/were are possible, use were:

a) If William  didn’ t watch (not/watch) so many horror films, he  wouldhtbe (not/be) scared of
the dark.

b) If William were be (be) braver, he  wouldn'tfeel (not/feel) frightened of thunder and

lightning.

c) If William didn't spend  (not/spend) so much time playing video games, he  would get (get)
better grades at school.

d) If William  were ate (ate) healthier food, he wouldn't be (not/be) ill so often.

e) If he weren’t be   (not/be) ill so often, he wouldn’t miss (not/miss) so many classes.

f) If his parents  Didn’t allow (not/allow) him to drink so much coke, he  Wouldn’t be (sleep)
much better.

g) If William slept  (sleep) better at night, he would start  (start) his day with more energy.

h) If he started (start) his day with more energy, he would do (do) many more things.

 
i) If William practiced  (practice) a sport, he would keep  (keep) fit and healthy.