Python Exploracion Hidrocarburos FINAL

7/18/2020 PythonExploracionHidrocarburos.
ipynb - Colaboratory
PROGRAMACION EN PYTHON EXPLORACION DE

HIDROCARBUROS
CivGeo 2020 Instructor: Roderick Perez
18 de Julio, 2020
DATOS
Pozo
F02-1_logs.las (https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/F3_Netherlands)
Volumen sismico
Penobscot_0-1000ms.sgy (https://terranubis.com/datainfo/Penobscot)
Link de descarga: https://we.tl/t-CCSqmX0LRU
NOTA:
Descargar desde AHORA!!!!!

Archuvo: 350 Mb
Luego colocarlo en su carpeta de trabajo (local o GDrive).
REQUERIMIENTO
TODOS los archivos deben estar cargados en su disco local (Jupyter Notebook) o GDrive.
NO nos vamos a detener porque alguien no sabe como cargar sus datos en GDrive o en
Jupyter, o no sabe como instalar una libreria.
Preguntas?
CONTENIDO
Declaraciones de ujos de control & Ciclos
Mayor que, menor que, igual que

If - else
If - elif
Ciclos
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1NEZHKxMEB2GJf0YP5MB7PoCgp1uCHVON#scrollTo=HlXYDLlgAfIT&uniqifier=1&printMode=true 1/71
7/18/2020 PythonExploracionHidrocarburos.ipynb - Colaboratory
For
While
Break
Continue
Ley de Darcy
Wavelet
Electrical logs
Seismic
Production
If, else, elif statements
if some_condition:
algorithm
Mayor >
Mayor que >=
Igual ==
Menor que <=
Menor <
NO igual !=
1 porosity = 0.15
2 if porosity > 0.1:
3 print("Sand")
Sand
1 #Notice that in this case nothing is printed

2 porosity = 0.05
4 print("Sand")
If-else
if some_condition:
algorithm
else:
algorithm
1 porosity = 0.1
3 print("Sand")
4 else:
5 print("Shaly-Sand")
Shaly-Sand
1 porosity = 0.1
2 if porosity >= 0.1:
3 print("Sand")
4 else:
Sand
if-elif
if some_condition1:
algorithm
elif some_condition2:
algorithm
else:
algorithm
1 # Definimos 2 variables: Porosidad & Permeabilidad

2 porosity = 0.15
3 permeability = 1500 #md
4
5 # Definimos condiciones
6 if porosity > 0.1 and permeability < 1000:
7 print("Sand")
8 elif porosity > 0.1 and permeability >= 1000:

9 print("MegaPerm Sand")
10 else:
11 print("Shale")
MegaPerm Sand
if statement inside a if statement or if-elif or if-else are called as nested if statements.
1 # Definimos 2 variables: Porosidad & Permeabilidad

2 porosity = 0.150
3 permeability = 1500 #md
4
5 # Definimos condiciones
7 if permeability < 100:
9 elif permeability < 1000:
10 print("Sand")
11 elif permeability >= 1000:
12 print("MegaPerm Sand")
13 else:
14 print("Shale")
MegaPerm Sand
Loops
For
for variable in something:

algorithm
1 for i in range(5):
2 print(i)
0
1
In the2above example, i iterates over the 0,1,2,3,4. Every time it takes each value and executes the
algorithm
3 inside the loop. It is also possible to iterate over a nested list illustrated below.
4
1 # Definir la LISTA wells

2 wells = ['wellA', 'wellB', 'wellC']
3
4 #Definir mi ciclo 'for'
5 for well in wells:
6 print(well)
wellA
wellB
wellC
1 # Definir la ARREGLO wells con arreglos

2 list_of_wells = [['wellA', 'wellB', 'wellC'], [0.2, 0.3, 0.25
3
4 #Definir mi ciclo 'for' nested
5 for list1 in list_of_wells:
6 for x in list1:
7 print(x)
wellA
wellB
wellC
0.2
0.3
0.25
1 # Definimos variables
2 wells = ['wellA', 'wellB', 'wellC']
3 mean_poro = [0.2, 0.3, 0.5]
4 mean_permeability = [500, 1500, 200]
5 number_of_wells = len(wells)
6
7 # Defino ciclo 'for'
8 for x in range(number_of_wells):
9 print('The well name is ', wells[x], ', the mean poro
10 ' and mean permeability is ', mean_permeability
The well name is wellA , the mean porosity is 0.2 and mean permeability is 500
The well name is wellB , the mean porosity is 0.3 and mean permeability is 1500
The well name is wellC , the mean porosity is 0.5 and mean permeability is 200
While
while some_condition:
algorithm
1 n = 5
2
3 while n > 0:
4 n -= 1 # Equivalente a n = n-1
5 # n += 1 # Equivalente a n = n+1
6 print(n)
7 print('Finished')
4
3
2
1
0
Finished
1 well_rate = [248.956137704918, 434.084242622951, 383.69618688

2 225.643954098361, 208.289740983607, 168.05436393
3 133.21188852459, 112.300216393443, 114.898708196
4 204.845708196721, 186.109757377049, 153.19140327
5 142.323108196721, 144.104931147541, 130.75981967
6 119.386262295082, 120.372039344262]
7 number_of_items = len(well_rate)
8 minimum_rate = 150
9 i = 0
10 rate = 1000
11
12 while rate > minimum_rate:
13 rate = well_rate[i]
14 print('Rate is ', round(well_rate[i],2))
15 i += 1
16 print('Rate was below ', minimum_rate, ' m3/d in item ', i, '
Rate is 248.96
Rate is 434.08
Rate is 383.7
Rate is 400.76
Rate is 322.64
Rate is 225.64
Rate is 208.29
Rate is 168.05
Rate is 145.51
Rate was below 150 m3/d in item 9 of the list
Break
As the name says. It is used to break out of a loop when a condition becomes true when executing
the loop.
2 print(i)
3 if i>=7:
4 break
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Continue
This continues the rest of the loop. Sometimes when a condition is satis ed there are chances of
the loop getting terminated. This can be avoided using continue statement.
2 if i>4:
3 print("The end.")
4 continue
5 elif i<7:
6 print(i)
0
1
2
3
4
The end.
The end.
The end.
The end.
Ley de
The Darcy
end.
Darcy's Law describe the ow rate in a porous media,

kA
Q = ΔP
μL
where:
Q = ow rate[m3 /s]
k = permeability [m2 ]
A = cross-sectional area [m2 ]
μ = viscosity [Pa.s]
L = length of sample [m]
ΔP = pressure difference accross the sample [Pa]
Note: All units are in SI.
1 # 1. Definir variables para inicializar

2
3 # Q = ???????
4 K = 10
5 s = 1
6 u = 1
7 L = 1
8 dp = 1
1 # 2. Escribir la funcion
2
3 Q = (s * K * dp)/ u*L
4
5 print(Q)
10.0
1 import numpy as np
In order to apply what we already learned, let's de ne a function:
1 def darcy_law (k, A, mu, L, dP):

2 """
3 Author: Roderick Perez
4 Version: 1.0
5
6 Darcy's Law function in order to
7 calculate the flow rate in a porous media.
8
9 args:
10 k = permeability [m2]
11 A = area [m2]
12 mu = viscosity [Pa.s]
13 L = sample length [m]
14 dP = pressure differential [Pa]
15
16 returns:
17 Q = flow rate [m3/s]
18 """
19 Q = k * A * dP / (mu * L)
20 return Q
Now, lets write the Darcy's Law function, and see the documentation we just created:
1 darcy_law?
Now, we can evaluate the function using the sample values used before
1 darcy_law(1, 1, 1, 1, 0)
0.0
Everything is working perfect. Then, let's input more realistic values:
1 k = 4.9346165e-13 # ~500 mD
2 A = 2.03e-3 # 1 inch diameter plug
3 mu = 8.9e-4 #~dynamic viscosity of water at about 25C
4 L = 0.0508 #2 inch plug
5 dP = 689476 # ~100 psi
6
7 Q = darcy_law(k, A, mu, L, dP)
8 print (f'The flow rate `Q` is: {Q:.1e} m3/s or {Q * 3600:.2f}
The flow rate `Q` is: 1.5e-05 m3/s or 0.05m3/h
Now, let's use Numpy to make a plot of the ow rate vs. plug length. For that we will need to de ne
the range of plug lengths. For that, let's use the np.arange(first, last, step)
2
3 L = np.arange(0.05,1, 0.005)
4 L
array([0.05 , 0.055, 0.06 , 0.065, 0.07 , 0.075, 0.08 , 0.085, 0.09 ,

0.095, 0.1 , 0.105, 0.11 , 0.115, 0.12 , 0.125, 0.13 , 0.135,
0.14 , 0.145, 0.15 , 0.155, 0.16 , 0.165, 0.17 , 0.175, 0.18 ,
And now, evaluating the whole
0.185, 0.19 darcy's
, 0.195, 0.2Law
, function into each
0.205, 0.21 value0.22
, 0.215, in the
, L array,
0.225,
0.23 , 0.235, 0.24 , 0.245, 0.25 , 0.255, 0.26 , 0.265, 0.27 ,
0.275, 0.28 , 0.285, 0.29 , 0.295, 0.3 , 0.305, 0.31 , 0.315,
1 len(L) 0.32 , 0.325, 0.33 , 0.335, 0.34 , 0.345, 0.35 , 0.355, 0.36 ,
0.365, 0.37 , 0.375, 0.38 , 0.385, 0.39 , 0.395, 0.4 , 0.405,
0.41 , 0.415, 0.42 , 0.425, 0.43 , 0.435, 0.44 , 0.445, 0.45 ,
190
0.455, 0.46 , 0.465, 0.47 , 0.475, 0.48 , 0.485, 0.49 , 0.495,
0.5 , 0.505, 0.51 , 0.515, 0.52 , 0.525, 0.53 , 0.535, 0.54 ,
0.545, 0.55 , 0.555, 0.56 , 0.565, 0.57 , 0.575, 0.58 , 0.585,
1 Q = 0.59 darcy_law(k,A,mu,L,dP)*3600
, 0.595, 0.6 , 0.605, 0.61 , 0.615, 0.62 , 0.625, 0.63 ,
2 Q 0.635, 0.64 , 0.645, 0.65 , 0.655, 0.66 , 0.665, 0.67 , 0.675,
0.68 , 0.685, 0.69 , 0.695, 0.7 , 0.705, 0.71 , 0.715, 0.72 ,
0.725, 0.73 ,
array([0.05587417, 0.735, 0.74
0.0507947 , 0.745, 0.75
, 0.04656181, , 0.755,0.03991012,
0.04298013, 0.76 , 0.765,
0.77 , 0.775,
0.03724945, 0.78 , 0.785,
0.03492136, 0.79 , 0.795,
0.03286716, 0.8 ,0.02940746,
0.03104121, 0.805, 0.81 ,
0.815, 0.82 , 0.825, 0.83 , 0.835, 0.84 , 0.845, 0.85 , 0.855,
0.02793709, 0.02660675, 0.02539735, 0.02429312, 0.0232809 ,
0.86 , 0.865, 0.87 , 0.875, 0.88 , 0.885, 0.89 , 0.895, 0.9 ,
0.02234967, 0.02149007, 0.02069414, 0.01995506, 0.01926696,
0.905, 0.91 ,
0.01862472, 0.915, 0.92
0.01802393, , 0.925, 0.93
0.01746068, , 0.935,0.01643358,
0.01693157, 0.94 , 0.945,
0.95 , 0.955, 0.96 , 0.965, 0.97 , 0.975, 0.98 , 0.985, 0.99 ,
0.01596405, 0.0155206 , 0.01510113, 0.01470373, 0.01432671,
0.995])
0.01396854, 0.01362785, 0.01330337, 0.01299399, 0.01269868,
0.01241648, 0.01214656, 0.01188812, 0.01164045, 0.01140289,
0.01117483, 0.01095572, 0.01074503, 0.0105423 , 0.01034707,
0.01015894, 0.00997753, 0.00980249, 0.00963348, 0.0094702 ,
0.00931236, 0.0091597 , 0.00901196, 0.00886892, 0.00873034,
0.00859603, 0.00846578, 0.00833943, 0.00821679, 0.00809771,
0.00798202, 0.0078696 , 0.0077603 , 0.007654 , 0.00755056,
0.00744989, 0.00735186, 0.00725639, 0.00716336, 0.00707268,
0.00698427, 0.00689805, 0.00681392, 0.00673183, 0.00665169,
0.00657343, 0.006497 , 0.00642232, 0.00634934, 0.006278 ,
0.00620824, 0.00614002, 0.00607328, 0.00600798, 0.00594406,
0.00588149, 0.00582023, 0.00576022, 0.00570145, 0.00564386,
0.00558742, 0.0055321 , 0.00547786, 0.00542468, 0.00537252,
0.00532135, 0.00527115, 0.00522189, 0.00517353, 0.00512607,
0.00507947, 0.00503371, 0.00498877, 0.00494462, 0.00490124,
0.00485862, 0.00481674, 0.00477557, 0.0047351 , 0.00469531,
0.00465618, 0.0046177 , 0.00457985, 0.00454262, 0.00450598,
0.00446993, 0.00443446, 0.00439954, 0.00436517, 0.00433133,
0.00429801, 0.0042652 , 0.00423289, 0.00420107, 0.00416971,
0.00413883, 0.00410839, 0.00407841, 0.00404885, 0.00401972,
0.00399101, 0.00396271, 0.0039348 , 0.00390728, 0.00388015,
0.00385339, 0.003827 , 0.00380096, 0.00377528, 0.00374994,
0.00372494, 0.00370028, 0.00367593, 0.00365191, 0.00362819,
0.00360479, 0.00358168, 0.00355886, 0.00353634, 0.0035141 ,
0.00349214, 0.00347045, 0.00344902, 0.00342786, 0.00340696,
0.00338631, 0.00336591, 0.00334576, 0.00332584, 0.00330616,
0.00328672, 0.0032675 , 0.0032485 , 0.00322972, 0.00321116,
0.00319281, 0.00317467, 0.00315673, 0.003139 , 0.00312146,
0.00310412, 0.00308697, 0.00307001, 0.00305323, 0.00303664,
0.00302023, 0.00300399, 0.00298792, 0.00297203, 0.00295631,
0.00294075, 0.00292535, 0.00291011, 0.00289503, 0.00288011,
0.00286534, 0.00285072, 0.00283625, 0.00282193, 0.00280775])
1 len(Q)
190
Finally, we can plot de results using the matplotlib library:
1 %matplotlib inline
2 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
3
4 plt.plot(L,Q)
5 plt.show()
Text(0, 0.5, 'Flow Rate [Q]')
1 # Mejorando grafico
2
3 plt.plot(L,Q)
4
5 plt.title('Ley de Darcy')
6 plt.xlabel('Longitud [L]')
7 lt l b l('Fl R t [Q]')
7 plt.ylabel('Flow Rate [Q]')
8 plt.show()
1 # Mejorando grafico
2
3 plt.plot(L,Q)
4
5 plt.title('Ley de Darcy', fontsize = 30)
6 plt.xlabel('Longitud [L]', fontsize = 20)
7 plt.ylabel('Flow Rate [Q]', fontsize = 20)
8 plt.show()
1 # Agregando grid
2
3 lt l t(L Q)
3 plt.plot(L,Q)
4
8 plt.grid()
9 plt.show()
1 # Agregando grid
2
3 plt.figure(figsize = (16,8))
4 plt.plot(L,Q)
5
9 plt.grid()
10 plt.show()
1 # Cambiando linea
2
4 plt.plot(L,Q, lw = 6, c = 'red')
5
9 plt.grid()
10 plt.show()
1 g# Cambiando tamano de letra de los "ticks"

2
2
4 plt.plot(L,Q, lw = 6, c = 'red')
5
9 plt.xticks(fontsize = 15)
10 plt.yticks(fontsize = 15)
11 plt.grid()
12 plt.show()
Matplotlib help us to edit the labels of the axis, title of the graph, etc. For it, we need to specify the
g which is the area that contains the plot, and ax is the plot itself.
WAVELET
1 # Import modules
4 %matplotlib inline
Ondicula de Ricker
2 2 2
2 2 2 −π f t
A = (1 − 2π f t )e
Revisar: https://subsurfwiki.org/wiki/Ricker_wavelet
1 # Define parameters
2 freq = 15 # Frecuencia
3 tn = 500 # Longitud de mi ondicula (en tiempo!!!)
4 dt = 4 # Tasa de muestreo
1 # Create time array

2 t = np.arange(-tn / 2, tn / 2 + dt, dt) / 1000
1 # Define Ricker Wavelet

2 ricker = (1 - 2 * np.pi**2 * freq**2 * t**2) * np.exp(-np.pi*
1 # Plot results
2 plt.plot(t,ricker)
3 plt.show()
1 # Resumiendo - Todo en misma linea de codigo

2 freq = 5 # Frecuencia [Hz]
5
6 [# Create time array
8
11
12 plt.plot(t,ricker)
13 plt.show()
14
1 # Diferentes FRECUENCIAS
2 freq_1 = 5 # Frecuencia [Hz]

6
9
11 ricker_1 = (1 - 2 * np.pi**2 * freq_1**2 * t**2) * np.exp(-np
13
14 plt.plot(t,ricker_1)
15 plt.plot(t,ricker_2)
16 plt.show()
1 # Mejorar grafico
6
9
13
14 plt.plot(t,ricker_1, c = 'r')
15 lt l t(t i k 2 'b')
15 plt.plot(t,ricker_2, c = 'b')
16 plt.show()
Cambiar el tamano de la gura
1 # Mejorar grafico
6
9
13
14 # Cambiar tamano de grafico
15 plt.figure(figsize=(12,4))
16 plt.plot(t,ricker_1, c = 'r')
17 plt.plot(t,ricker_2, c = 'b')
18 plt.show()
1 # Mejorar grafico
6
9
13
16 plt.title("Comparacion de ondiculas de Ricker", fontsize = 30
17 plt.plot(t,ricker_1, c = 'r', label='Ondicula 1 (5 hz)')
18 plt.plot(t,ricker_2, c = 'b', label='Ondicula 2 (50 hz)')
19 plt.xlabel('Tiempo [s]', fontsize = 20)
20 plt.ylabel('Amplitud', fontsize = 20)
21 plt.grid()
22 plt.legend(fontsize = 20)
23 plt.show()
1 # Mejorar Tasa de muestreo de ondicula

6
9
12 ricker_2
t = (1 - 2 * np.pi**2 * freq_2**2 * t**2) * np.exp(-np
13
16 plt.title("Comparacion de ondiculas de Ricker", fontsize = 30
17 plt.plot(t,ricker_1, c = 'r', label='Ondicula 1 (5 hz)')
18 plt.plot(t,ricker_2, c = 'b', label='Ondicula 2 (50 hz)')
19 plt.xlabel('Tiempo [s]', fontsize = 20)
20 plt.ylabel('Amplitud', fontsize = 20)
21 plt.grid()
23 plt.show()
Utilizando los condicionales, indicar que se llene los valores de la ondicula, utilizando la funcion
.fill_between()
o
1 # Datos de entrada
5
6
9
12
13 # Graficar
15 plt.plot(t,ricker, lw=2, color='black')
16
17 plt.fill_between(t, ricker, 0, ricker >= 0.0, color='blue',
18 plt.fill_between(t, ricker, 0, ricker < 0.0, color='red', alp
19
21 plt.grid()
22 plt.show()
Editar titulo, y ejes de gra ca:
1 # Datos de entrada
5
6
9
12
13 # Graficar
16
17 plt.fill_between(t, ricker, 0, ricker >= 0.0, color='blue',
18 plt.fill_between(t, ricker, 0, ricker < 0.0, color='red', alp
19
20 plt.title('%d Hz Ricker wavelet' %freq, fontsize = 16 )
21 plt.xlabel( 'two-way time (s)', fontsize = 14)
22 plt.ylabel('amplitude', fontsize = 14)
23 plt.ylim((-1.1,1.1))
24 plt.xlim((min(t),max(t)))
25 plt.grid()
26 plt.show()
CARGAR DATOS EN GDrive
1 from google.colab import drive

2 drive.mount('/content/gdrive/')
Go to this URL in a browser: https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?client_id=9473189
Enter your authorization code:

··········
Mounted at /content/gdrive/
1 !ls
gdrive sample_data
1 import os
2 os.chdir("/content/gdrive/My Drive/")
1 # Actualizar la ruta de donde debo importar los datos

2 import sys
3 sys.path.append('/content/gdrive/My Drive/Colab Notebooks/')
1 !ls
'AAPG-ICE edited slides.gslides'

'AAPG-ICE edited slides.pptx'
appsheet
CB1D77C82F6C4CB7AC9CC62F7DC33F06.jpg
ColabNotebooks
'Colab Notebooks'
Colab_Notebooks
'Estratigrafia Sismica - Seismic Reflection Methos_Made in Oklahoma.pdf'
'Generation of a Seismic Brittleness Volume and its implication in the prediction of EUR
Usando datos locales
'Identification of brittle_ductile areas in unconventional reservoirs using seismic and
mates-cociente-resto.svg
'Mineralogy-based brittleness prediction from surface seismic data (1).pdf'
'Mineralogy-based brittleness prediction from surface seismic data.pdf'
1 ML_UniAndes_Oct2019.pdf
from google.colab import files
d
2 ML_UniAndes_Oct2019.pptx
files.upload()
productionFinal.png
SeismicReflectionMethod_MadeInOklahoma_Abstract.pdf
Choose Files No file chosen
{}
1 !ls
Australia.csv demo.csv sample_data
RESUMEN
Opcion 1: "Montando" el GDrive, permite que la ruta de los archivos quede ja estatica en mi
codigo.
Option2: Es mas simple de usar, permite la interactividad con el usuario. Sin embargo, NO se
guarda en la memoria del la maquina (virtual), y no permitiria replicar los resultados de forma
automatica.
WELL LOGS
1 # Import modules
4 import pandas as pd
Cargar los datos
1 # Cargar datos en Google COLAB

7/18/2020
g g
PythonExploracionHidrocarburos.ipynb - Colaboratory
2
3 file = '/content/gdrive/My Drive/Colab Notebooks/F02-1_logs.l
Cargar datos en JUPYTER
file = 'F02-1_logs.las' # Well: F02-1_logs
Revisemos los datos:
1 data = np.loadtxt(file, skiprows = 35)

2 data
array([[ 4.80000000e+01, -9.99250000e+02, 5.24048500e+02, ...,
3.82025700e+06, -4.55695600e+02, -9.99250000e+02],
[ 4.81500000e+01, -9.99250000e+02, 5.24041000e+02, ...,
3.82031175e+06, -4.55695600e+02, -9.99250000e+02],
[ 4.83000000e+01, -9.99250000e+02, 5.24033600e+02, ...,
3.82036625e+06, -4.55695600e+02, -9.99250000e+02],
...,
[ 1.49955000e+03, 1.86164970e+03, 5.37190200e+02, ...,
3.46552400e+06, -2.39115938e+05, -9.99250000e+02],
[ 1.49970010e+03, 1.88039780e+03, 5.37263000e+02, ...,
3.49995775e+06, -2.39115938e+05, -9.99250000e+02],
[ 1.49985010e+03, 1.85633500e+03, 5.37383100e+02, ...,
3.45440400e+06, -2.12640703e+05, -9.99250000e+02]])
Mnemonicos
1 mnemonics = ['DEPTH', 'RHOB', 'DT', 'GR', 'AI', 'AI_REL', 'PH
Set null value
Inspecting the le we notice that the null value is -999.2500.
1 data[data == -999.2500] = np.nan

2 print(data)
[[ 4.80000000e+01 nan 5.24048500e+02 ... 3.82025700e+06

-4.55695600e+02 nan]
[ 4.81500000e+01 nan 5.24041000e+02 ... 3.82031175e+06
-4.55695600e+02 nan]
[ 4.83000000e+01 nan 5.24033600e+02 ... 3.82036625e+06
-4.55695600e+02 nan]
...
Convert well into a pandas1.86164970e+03
[ 1.49955000e+03 DataFrame 5.37190200e+02 ... 3.46552400e+06
-2.39115938e+05 nan]
[ 1.49970010e+03 1.88039780e+03 5.37263000e+02 ... 3.49995775e+06
1 data = pd.DataFrame(data,
-2.39115938e+05 nan] columns=mnemonics)
[ 1.49985010e+03 1.85633500e+03 5.37383100e+02 ... 3.45440400e+06
2 print(data)
-2.12640703e+05 nan]]
DEPTH RHOB DT GR AI AI_REL PHIE

0 48.0000 NaN 524.0485 NaN 3820257.00 -455.6956 NaN
1 48.1500 NaN 524.0410 NaN 3820311.75 -455.6956 NaN
2 48.3000 NaN 524.0336 NaN 3820366.25 -455.6956 NaN
3 48.4500 NaN 524.0262 NaN 3820419.75 -455.6956 NaN
4 48.6000 NaN 524.0190 NaN 3820472.25 -455.6956 NaN
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
9675 1499.2500 1787.5444 532.1727 27.6273 3359011.00 -239115.9375 NaN
9676 1499.4000 1814.1691 534.8610 28.5281 3391772.00 -239115.9375 NaN
9677 1499.5500 1861.6497 537.1902 28.5813 3465524.00 -239115.9375 NaN
9678 1499.7001 1880.3978 537.2630 28.5813 3499957.75 -239115.9375 NaN
9679 1499.8501 1856.3350 537.3831 27.9759 3454404.00 -212640.7031 NaN
[9680 rows x 7 columns]
1 data
0 48.0000 NaN 524.0485 NaN 3820257.00 -455.6956 NaN
1 48.1500 NaN 524.0410 NaN 3820311.75 -455.6956 NaN
2 48.3000 NaN 524.0336 NaN 3820366.25 -455.6956 NaN
3 48.4500 NaN 524.0262 NaN 3820419.75 -455.6956 NaN
4 48.6000 NaN 524.0190 NaN 3820472.25 -455.6956 NaN
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
9675 1499.2500 1787.5444 532.1727 27.6273 3359011.00 -239115.9375 NaN
9676 1499.4000 1814.1691 534.8610 28.5281 3391772.00 -239115.9375 NaN
9677 1499.5500 1861.6497 537.1902 28.5813 3465524.00 -239115.9375 NaN
9678 1499.7001 1880.3978 537.2630 28.5813 3499957.75 -239115.9375 NaN
9679 1499.8501 1856.3350 537.3831 27.9759 3454404.00 -212640.7031 NaN
9680 rows × 7 columns
1 data head()
1 data.head()
0 48.00 NaN 524.0485 NaN 3820257.00 -455.6956 NaN
1 48.15 NaN 524.0410 NaN 3820311.75 -455.6956 NaN
2 48.30 NaN 524.0336 NaN 3820366.25 -455.6956 NaN
3 48.45 NaN 524.0262 NaN 3820419.75 -455.6956 NaN
4 48.60 NaN 524.0190 NaN 3820472.25 -455.6956 NaN
1 data.describe()
DEPTH RHOB DT GR AI AI_REL
count 9680.000000 8253.000000 9680.000000 9666.000000 9.680000e+03 9680.000000 4
mean 773.925016 1975.091074 495.026839 46.613531 4.078518e+06 5193.728898
std 419.177962 294.677828 50.861145 23.484662 8.776878e+05 193455.679167
min 48.000000 1350.444700 368.114700 1.339200 2.035267e+06 -617319.750000
25% 410.962500 1812.400000 460.693600 23.527000 3.658766e+06 -95113.828100
50% 773.925000 2096.345000 505.393400 48.765250 3.953107e+06 2603.301500
75% 1136.887575 2210.906000 521.642300 63.162950 4.782770e+06 93553.453100
max 1499.850100 2346.629200 667.920800 129.177300 5.983779e+06 629867.000000
Create a new dataFrame but with specify columns (tracks)
1 subgroup_data = data[['DEPTH', 'RHOB', 'DT', 'GR', 'PHIE']] #

2 subgroup_data = subgroup_data.values
3 print(subgroup_data)
[[ 48. nan 524.0485 nan nan]
[ 48.15 nan 524.041 nan nan]
[ 48.3 nan 524.0336 nan nan]
...
[1499.55 1861.6497 537.1902 28.5813 nan]
[1499.7001 1880.3978 537.263 28.5813 nan]
[1499.8501 1856.335 537.3831 27.9759 nan]]

2
4

6
7 data = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=mnemonics)
8
Plot
Select the number of columns to plot
1 plt.plot(subgroup_data[:,1], subgroup_data[:,0])
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f4ffc2aae48>]
1 DEPTH = subgroup_data[:,0]
2 RHOB = subgroup_data[:,1]
1 plt.plot(RHOB, DEPTH)
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f4ffc1b74a8>]
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f4ffd1c40b8>]
1 GR = subgroup_data[:,3]

2
4
5 data[data==-999.2500]=np.nan
6
8
9 data = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=mnemonics)
10
13
17
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f4ffc2bd470>]
1 plt.plot(GR, RHOB)
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f4ffbba17f0>]
1 plt.scatter(GR, RHOB)
<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x7f4ffc45b0f0>
2 plt.scatter(GR, RHOB, c = 'r', s = 2)
3 plt.title('GR vs RHOB', fontsize = 'xx-large')
4 plt.xlabel('GR [API]', fontsize = 20)
5 plt.ylabel('RHOB [g/cc]', fontsize = 20)
6 plt.grid()
7 plt.show()
Subplots
las: 2
columnas: 2
Dudas con Matplotlib?
https://drive.google.com/ le/d/1kwYFaRjCOmKXGpOHZdDgxJ4gfAMpJ195/view
1 rows, cols = 1, 4
2 fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows = rows, ncols = cols, figsize =
3 ax[0].plot(RHOB, DEPTH)
4 plt.show()
Notice that the y-axis is backward. For that reason we need to manipulate the axis. Since we have
fours axis (columns), we need to specify the maximum and the minimum values of the axis we
would like to manipulate, in this case will be the rst (0).
1 fix, ax = plt.subplots(nrows = rows, ncols = cols, figsize =

3 ax[0].set_ylim(max(DEPTH), min(DEPTH))
4 plt show()
4 plt.show()
1 # ['DEPTH', 'RHOB', 'DT', 'GR', 'PHIE']

2
5 DT = subgroup_data[:,2]
7 PHIE = subgroup_data[:,4]
8
12
13 ax[1].plot(DT, DEPTH)
14
15 ax[2].plot(GR, DEPTH)
16
17 ax[3].plot(PHIE, DEPTH)
18
19 plt.show()

2
5 DT = subgroup data[:,2]
5 DT subgroup_data[:,2]
8
12
15
18
21
22 plt.show()

2
8
12
14 #ax[1].set_ylim(max(DEPTH), min(DEPTH))
15
15
18
21
22 plt.show()

2
8
10 ax[0].plot(RHOB, DEPTH, c = 'red')
12
13 ax[1].plot(DT, DEPTH, c = 'green')
15
16 ax[2].plot(GR, DEPTH, c = 'black')
18
19 ax[3].plot(PHIE, DEPTH, c = 'magenta')
21
22 plt.show()

2
8
10 ax[0].plot(RHOB, DEPTH, c = 'red', lw = 0.5)
12
13 ax[1].plot(DT, DEPTH, c = 'green', lw = 0.5)
15
16 ax[2].plot(GR, DEPTH, c = 'black', lw = 0.5)
18
19 ax[3].plot(PHIE, DEPTH, c = 'magenta', lw = 0.5)
21
22 plt.show()

2
[ ]
8
12 ax[0].set_title('Densidad [g/cc]')
13 ax[0].grid()
14
17 ax[1].set_title('DT [1/ms]')
18 ax[1].grid()
19
22 ax[2].set_title('Gamma Ray [API]')
23 ax[2].grid()
24
27 ax[3].set_title('Porosidad Effect')
28 ax[3].grid()
29
30 plt.show()
Aplicando los conocimientos previos, podemos seleccionar un cut-off y rellenar la curva de acuerdo
a dicho cut-off:

2
8
12 ax[0].set_title('Densidad [g/cc]')
13 ax[0].grid()
14
17 ax[1].set_title('DT [1/ms]')
18 ax[1].grid()
19
22 ax[2].set_title('Gamma Ray [API]')
23
24 # Cut-off
25 cut_off = GR*0+50 # Cut-off es 50 API
26 ax[2].fill_betweenx(DEPTH, GR,cut_off, where=(GR>=cut_off), c
27 ax[2].fill_betweenx(DEPTH, GR,cut_off, where=(GR< cut_off), c
28 ax[2].grid()
29
32 ax[3].set_title('Porosidad Effect')
33 ax[3].grid()
34
35 plt.show()
MANERA OPCIONES DE INCLUIR DATOS
Now we can repeat the code in order to ll the other tracks, but replacing each index with the
corresponding column index.

2 ax[0].plot(data[:,1], data[:,0])
3 ax[0].set_ylim(max(data[:,0]), min(data[:,0]))
4
7
10
13 plt.show()
However, this approach is not practical. Analyzing the code we see that there is pattern that we can
optimize using some of the tools reviewed previously, for example the For loop.

2
3 for i in range(cols):
4 ax[i].plot(data[:,i+1], data[:,0])
5 ax[i].set_ylim(max(data[:, 0]), min(data[:, 0]))
6 plt.show()
Now is time to add other things into the graph such as a grid with different colors, tick (minor), and
the title of each plot using the mnemonics.

2
4 ax[i].plot(data[:,i+1], data[:,0],linewidth='0.5')
6 ax[i].minorticks_on()
7 ax[i].grid(which='major', linestyle='-', linewidth='0.5',
8 ax[i].grid(which='minor', linestyle=':', linewidth='0.5',
9 ax[i].set_title('%s' %mnemonics[i], fontsize='22') #title
10 plt.show()
An extra feature may be edit (or remove) the space between tracks (plots), using the function (out
of the loop):
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0)
It controls the amount of width reserved for space between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the
average axis width.

2
4 ax[i].plot(data[:,i+1], data[:,0],linewidth='0.5')
6 ax[i].minorticks_on()
7 ax[i].grid(which='major', linestyle='-', linewidth='0.5',
8 ax[i].grid(which='minor', linestyle=':', linewidth='0.5',
9 ax[i].set_title('%s' %mnemonics[i], fontsize='22') #title
10
11 plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0)
12 plt.show()
SEISMIC
1 # Import modules
3 import segyio
1 !pip install segyio # Recuerden que deben importar esta libre

Collecting segyio
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/14/e2/7a975288dcc3e159d7eda706723c
|████████████████████████████████| 92kB 2.5MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.10 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (fr
Installing collected packages: segyio
Successfully installed segyio-1.9.1
1 # Load file from hard drive

2 filename = '/content/gdrive/My Drive/Colab Notebooks/Penobsco
Cargar datos en Jupyter
filename = 'Penobscot_0-1000ms.sgy'
2 import segyio
4
5 filename = '/content/gdrive/My Drive/Colab Notebooks/Penobsco
6
7 with segyio.open(filename) as s:
8 c = segyio.cube(s)
1 # Use segyio
2
3 with segyio.open(filename) as s:
4 c = segyio.cube(s)
1 type(c)
numpy.ndarray
1 c.shape
(601, 481, 251)
1 # Plot seismic
2 # plt.imshow(c[x, y, z])
3
4 # plt.imshow(c[inline, crossline, timeslice])
5
6 plt.imshow(c[150,:,:],)
7 plt.show()
Se recuerdan de la funcion .T de `numpy, la cual permitia calcular la transpuesta de una matriz?
1 # Plot seismic
2 plt.imshow(c[150,:,:].T)
3 plt.show()
Ahora podemos cambiar la escala de colores, cambiando el parametro cmap .
1 # Plot seismic
2 plt.imshow(c[150,:,:].T, cmap = 'Greys')
3 plt.show()
1 plt.imshow(c[150,:,:].T, vmin=-1000, vmax = 1000, cmap = 'Gre

2 lt h ()
2 plt.show()
Ajustar los valores minimos y maximos (de forma dinamica)
1 ma = np.percentile(c, 98)
2 ma
4247.0
1 plt.imshow(c[150,:,:].T, vmin=-ma, vmax = ma, cmap = 'Greys')

2 plt.show()
Agregar escala de colores
1 plt.imshow(c[150,:,:].T, vmin=-ma, vmax = ma, cmap = 'Greys')

2 plt.colorbar()
3 plt.show()
Detalles como ejes, titulo, asi como el aspect ratio
1 # Plot INLINE
3 plt.imshow(c[150,:,:].T, vmin=-ma, vmax = ma, cmap = 'Greys',
4 plt.colorbar()
5 plt.title('INLINE', fontsize=20)
6 plt.ylabel('Time (ms)')
7 plt.show()
1 # Plot XLINE
3 plt.imshow(c[:,240,:].T, vmin=-ma, vmax = ma, cmap = 'Greys',
4 plt.colorbar()
5 plt.title('XLINE', fontsize=20)
6 lt l b l('Ti ( )')
6 plt.ylabel('Time (ms)')
7 plt.show()
1 # Plot TIMESLICE
3 plt.imshow(c[:,:,125].T, vmin=-ma, vmax = ma, cmap = 'seismic
4 plt.colorbar()
5 plt.title('TIMESLICE', fontsize=20)
6 plt.xlabel('Inline')
7 plt.ylabel('Xline')
8 plt.show()
1 # Plot TIMESLICE
2 time_slice = 200
3
5 plt.imshow(c[:,:,time_slice].T, vmin=-ma, vmax = ma, cmap = '
6 plt.colorbar()
7 plt.title('TIME SLICE = %d ms' %time_slice, fontsize=20)
8 plt.xlabel('Inline', fontsize=16)
9 plt.ylabel('Xline', fontsize=16)
10 plt.show()
PRODUCCION
Importar librerias

2 import math
Cuantos valores tiene mi arreglo de tasas de produccion?

Gra quen USTEDES en un gra co, los valores de produccion
Importar datos:
Datos de produccion
1 well_rate = [248.956137704918, 434.084242622951, 383.69618688

2 225.643954098361, 208.289740983607, 168.05436393
3 133.21188852459, 112.300216393443, 114.898708196
4 204.845708196721, 186.109757377049, 153.19140327
5 142.323108196721, 144.104931147541, 130.75981967
6 119.386262295082, 120.372039344262]
1 len(well_rate)
27
plot(x, y)
x y y tienen que tener la misma longitud
Datos de fecha
Se puede calcular de forma manual
1 t = [1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330,
2 360, 390, 420, 450, 480, 510, 540, 570, 600, 630, 660,
3 690, 720, 750, 780]
4 len(t)
27
O podemos realizar el analisis a traves del uso de la funcion np.arange(inicio, final, step) :
1 dias = 27 * 30
2 dias
810
1 tiempo = np.arange(1,dias,30)
2 tiempo
array([ 1, 31, 61, 91, 121, 151, 181, 211, 241, 271, 301, 331, 361,
391, 421, 451, 481, 511, 541, 571, 601, 631, 661, 691, 721, 751,
781])
1 k = 0
2 for i in tiempo:
3 tiempo[k] -= 1
4 k += 1
5
6 tiempo
array([ 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360,
390, 420, 450, 480, 510, 540, 570, 600, 630, 660, 690, 720, 750,
780])
1 len(time)
27
Codigo completo (alternativo) de generar la escala de valores de tiempo:
1 dias = 27 * 30
2 tiempo = np.arange(1,dias,30)
3 k = 0
4 for i in tiempo:
5 tiempo[k] -= 1
6 k += 1
7
8 tiempo
array([ 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360,
390, 420, 450, 480, 510, 540, 570, 600, 630, 660, 690, 720, 750,
780])
Procedemos a gra car los valores de produccion, en funcion del la lista de dias ( t ) que generamos
de forma manual:
1 plt.plot(t,well_rate,"x",color = 'black')
2 plt.show()
Luego, podemos realizar un ajuste de los datos de produccion a una curva, por ejemplo la curva de
ajuste de "Doung":
a 1−m
−3 (t −1)
q = qi t e 1−m
El método duong fue desarrollado especí camente para depósitos no convencionales con muy
baja permeabilidad. La forma de la curva es adecuada para pozos que exhiben largos períodos de
ujo transitorio. El método duong alcanzará un eur nito, y tiende a ser más conservador que los
descensos tradicionales de Arps con b> 1.
Referencia: https://petrowiki.org/Types_of_decline_analysis_in_production_forecasting
Primero, procedemos a seleccionar parametros iniciales de mi aproximacion:
1 qi = well_rate[0] # Produccion inicial

2 m = 1.18
3 a = 1.8
Suposiciones:
Produccion de 90 m3 /d
1 # Ajustar ecuacion
2 f
q2 = []
3 for x in t:
4 qx = (qi * math.pow(x,-m))* math.exp((a / (1 - m)) * ((ma
5 if qx < 90:
6 qx = 0
7 q2.append(qx)
8
9 print(q2)
[248.956137704918, 438.070516922889, 365.17987542930115, 316.9576744515737, 282.53663669
Gra car resultados
1 plt.plot(t,q2,color='green')
2 plt.plot(t,well_rate,"x",color = 'black')
3 plt.show()
Ajustar parametros de gra co
1 # Parametros iniciales
2 qi = 250.0 # Produccion inicial
3 m = 1.18
4 a = 1.8
5
6 # Ajustar ecuacion
7 q2 = []
8 for x in t:
9 qx = (qi * math.pow(x,-m))* math.exp((a / (1 - m)) * ((ma
10 if qx < 90:
11 qx = 0
12 q2.append(qx)
13
14
15 # Graficar resultados
17 plt.plot(t,q2,color='green', lw=4, label='$q_{i}$ %d (b/d) Do
18 plt.plot(t,well_rate,"o",color = 'red', lw=5, label='Producci
19 plt.title('Ajuste de Produccion de Pozo', fontsize = 40)
20 plt.xlabel('Tiempo (dias)', fontsize = 30)
21 plt.ylabel('Produccion (barriles/dia', fontsize = 30)
22 plt.xlim([0,900])
23 plt.xticks(fontsize = 20)
24 plt.yticks(fontsize = 20)
25 plt.grid()
27 plt.show()
28
29 plt.savefig('productionFinal.png')
<Figure size 432x288 with 0 Axes>
FELICITACIONES HEMOS FINALIZADO EL CURSO!!!
Encuesta POST curso: https://freeonlinesurveys.com/s/L9RDS4Tf
RESUMEN DEL CURSO

Introduccion a Python
Uso de Python en Exploracion Minera
Gra car informacion de datos en mapa (folium)

Gra cas de radar (elementos en muestras de roca)
Modelado estructural (GemPy)
Python en Exploracion de Hidrocarburos

Python Exploracion Hidrocarburos FINAL

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PROGRAMACION EN PYTHON EXPLORACION DE

Link de descarga: https://we.tl/t-CCSqmX0LRU

Descargar desde AHORA!!!!!

Mayor que, menor que, igual que

Declaraciones de ujos de control & Ciclos

If, else, elif statements

1 #Notice that in this case nothing is printed

1 # Definimos 2 variables: Porosidad & Permeabilidad

8 elif porosity > 0.1 and permeability >= 1000:

if statement inside a if statement or if-elif or if-else are called as nested if statements.

1 # Definimos 2 variables: Porosidad & Permeabilidad

for variable in something:

1 # Definir la LISTA wells

1 # Definir la ARREGLO wells con arreglos

1 well_rate = [248.956137704918, 434.084242622951, 383.69618688

Darcy's Law describe the ow rate in a porous media,

Note: All units are in SI.

1 # 1. Definir variables para inicializar

In order to apply what we already learned, let's de ne a function:

1 def darcy_law (k, A, mu, L, dP):

Everything is working perfect. Then, let's input more realistic values:

array([0.05 , 0.055, 0.06 , 0.065, 0.07 , 0.075, 0.08 , 0.085, 0.09 ,

Finally, we can plot de results using the matplotlib library:

Text(0, 0.5, 'Flow Rate [Q]')

1 g# Cambiando tamano de letra de los "ticks"

1 # Create time array

1 # Define Ricker Wavelet

1 # Resumiendo - Todo en misma linea de codigo

4 tn = 500 # Longitud de mi ondicula (en tiempo!!!)

Cambiar el tamano de la gura

1 # Mejorar Tasa de muestreo de ondicula

Editar titulo, y ejes de gra ca:

CARGAR DATOS EN GDrive

1 from google.colab import drive

Enter your authorization code:

1 # Actualizar la ruta de donde debo importar los datos

'AAPG-ICE edited slides.gslides'

Cargar los datos

1 # Cargar datos en Google COLAB

Cargar datos en JUPYTER

file = 'F02-1_logs.las' # Well: F02-1_logs

Revisemos los datos:

1 data = np.loadtxt(file, skiprows = 35)

1 mnemonics = ['DEPTH', 'RHOB', 'DT', 'GR', 'AI', 'AI_REL', 'PH

Set null value

Inspecting the le we notice that the null value is -999.2500.

1 data[data == -999.2500] = np.nan

[[ 4.80000000e+01 nan 5.24048500e+02 ... 3.82025700e+06

DEPTH RHOB DT GR AI AI_REL PHIE

[9680 rows x 7 columns]

DEPTH RHOB DT GR AI AI_REL PHIE

0 48.0000 NaN 524.0485 NaN 3820257.00 -455.6956 NaN

1 48.1500 NaN 524.0410 NaN 3820311.75 -455.6956 NaN

2 48.3000 NaN 524.0336 NaN 3820366.25 -455.6956 NaN

3 48.4500 NaN 524.0262 NaN 3820419.75 -455.6956 NaN

4 48.6000 NaN 524.0190 NaN 3820472.25 -455.6956 NaN

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

9675 1499.2500 1787.5444 532.1727 27.6273 3359011.00 -239115.9375 NaN

9676 1499.4000 1814.1691 534.8610 28.5281 3391772.00 -239115.9375 NaN

9677 1499.5500 1861.6497 537.1902 28.5813 3465524.00 -239115.9375 NaN

9678 1499.7001 1880.3978 537.2630 28.5813 3499957.75 -239115.9375 NaN

9679 1499.8501 1856.3350 537.3831 27.9759 3454404.00 -212640.7031 NaN