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Colecciones de ejercicios Colección 1
10. Sabiendo que log 2 = 0.301 y log 3 = 0.477, halla, sin usar calculadora:
0.125 20 6
1. log 72 2. log 56.25 3. log 4. log 3
6 30
14. Halla el valor de x (aproximando a las centésimas), para los valores que se indican:
x-2
2· k
1. y = 2x+1 ; y = 0.5 2. c = 2(a+2)2x ; c = 5, a = 0.3 3. y = ; y = -2.3, k = 0.5
k-1
25. 22x-1 + 22x-3 - 2x+1 = 2 26. 3 + 32x+1 - 3x+2 = 3x 27. 51+x + 51-x = 26 28. 22-x - 21-x = 4 + 24+x
1 1 1
29. - = 2x - 5 30. = 5x - 4 31. 2x+4 - 2x+3 - 2x+2 = 4x+2 32. 32x+3 - 3x+2 = 1 - 9x+1
x-2 x-3 x-1
2 2 5
3 1 5 21
33. 2·32x-1 + 3x+1 - 9x = 1 - 3x-2 34. - 4x-1 = 1 - 5·2x-3 35. 32x+1 - 3x+1 - 2·9x = 1 - 36. 8x-1 - + = 1 + 4x-2
21-x 3x-1 41-x 23-x
1 1 x2
37. 52x+1 - 4·25x + 251-x = 26 38. 2·4x+1 + - =2 39. x22x - x2x+1 - 2x+3 = 0 40. - 3x2x + 2x+2 = 0
3-2x 1-4x 1-x
2 2 2
2 1 1
41. 2x+1 - 2x - 2x-1 = 3 42. 3x - - =4 43. 2·3x-2 + 3x - 9x-1 = 2 44. 3·2x + - 22x-1 = 1
1-x 2-x
3 3 3·21-x
x
1. 2·log x - log 4 = log 9 2. log 2x + log 2 = 2·log x 3. 2·log x - log 8 = log
2
x x x
4. 5·log x = 3·log x + 2·log 3 5. 3·log + 2·log = 3·log x - log 8 6. 3·log x - 2·log = 2·log 3 + 2·log 2x
2 3 3
x x 1
7. log + 1 = 2·log x 8. 2·log 4x + log =3 9. log2 x - log2 2=
5 2 2
3 3
10. log x - log 2 = log 2 - log 2x 11. log (2x+12) - log (3x-2) = log 2 12. log x - log 2 = 2·log (x-3)
13. log(x-1) + log(x-2) - log 3 = 2·log(x-3) 14. 2·log(x-1) - log(x+2) = log(x+1) - log 2 15. log (5x+4) - log 2 = log x+4
16. log (2x+14) - log 2 = log x+5 + log 3 17. log 3x-2 - log 2x-3 = 1 - log 5 18. log 3x+4 + log 5x+1 = 1 + log 3
2 2
log x -3 log 4-x log 2 + log (x+2)
19. =2 20. =2 21. =2
log (x+3) log (2+x) log (x+1)
1 + log2 (x+6) 1 + 2·log x 1
22. =2 23. - log x = 2 24. log2 x - log2 2=
log2 (x+2) log x log2 x
25. log2 x - log4 x = 1 26. log2 x - logx 8 = 2 27. log2x 16 - logx 2 = 0
3·log x
28. logx 4 + log2x 4 = 3 29. + log x = log xx 30. log2 x6 - 8·log2x x = log2 xx
x
4x-1 - 2y+1 = 0
x+y=8 x+y=6 31-x - 9y-2 = 0
1. 2. 3. y 4.
log x - log y = log 3 log 2x - log y = 1 log 5x - log = 1 log2 2x - log2 3y = 1
2
x+y=7 x + 2y = 5 9x-6 - 33-2y = 0 8x-2 - 21-3y = 0
5. 6. 7. 8.
log x + log y = 1 log 5x + log y = 1 log 2x + log 4y = 2 log2 2x + log2 3y = 2
Soluciones
1 1
1.1. log464 = 3 1.2. log = -2 1.3. log 1 =4 1.4. log51 = 0 1.5. log212 = x+1 2.1. 34 = 81 2.2. 5-2 = 0.04 2.3. 2x = 5 2.4. 3x-1 = 2 2.5. 2y = 3x
7 49 16
2
-1 1
3.1. 5 3.2. -3 3.3. -2 3.4. -2 3.5. 4.1. 2 4.2. 4.3. 2 4.4. 16 4.5. 2 5.1. logM = log2+2logx+logy 5.2. logM = log2+2logx-log3-logy 5.3. logM
2 3
3
log3+logx-2logy log(x+1) x2 x x z2
= 5.4. logM = log2+ -2log(y+1) 5.5. logM = 4log2+6logx+3logy-3logz 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 8.1. x x 8.2. log2x 8.3.
3 2 y3 10 y y
5
logx2 9.1. 3 9.2. 9 9.3. 2 9.4. 4 10.1. 1.857 10.2. 1.75 10.3. -1.292 10.4. 1.198 11.1. 8.5 11.2. 0.673 11.3. -0.19 11.4. 0.064 12.1. 0.722
3 M+1
log
logM 2y 2logM y2
12.2. 6.722 12.3. 80.611 12.4. 9.847 13.1. -1 13.2. 13.3. +1 13.4. 14.1. -2 14.2. 0.55 14.3. 3.25 15.1. 3
log(y+1) 2logy log y2-1 y-1
1 1
15.2. -2 15.3. 1 15.4. 4 15.5. -1, 15.6. -1, 2 15.7. 15.8. 2 15.9. 2 15.10. 1 15.11. 1 15.12. -2, 5 15.13. 3 15.14. 1 15.15. 1.32 15.16.
2 2
0.72 15.17. -0.23, 1.81 15.18. -0.70, 2.87 15.19. 3 15.20. 2 15.21. 1 15.22. -1 15.23. 3 15.24. 3 15.25. 2 15.26. -1, 1 15.27. -1,1 15.28. -2
15.29. 0, 2 15.30. 1 15.31. -2 15.32. -1 15.33. -1, 2 15.34. -1, 3 15.35. 0, 1 15.36. -1, 1, 3 15.37. 0, 1 15.38. -1, 2 15.39. -2, 4 15.40. 2, 4
1 3 1
15.41. 2.58 15.42. 2.63 15.43. 0.63 15.44. -1.58, 2.58 16.1. (1,-1) 16.2. 1, 16.3. (-1,2) 16.4. , 16.5. (1,-2) 16.6. (2,1) 16.7. (2,2) 16.8.
2 2 2
1
(2,-1) 16.9. (1,-2), (3,6) 16.10. (1,2), -2, 16.11. (3,2) 16.12. (-1,2) 16.13. (-2,2) 16.14. (-1,1) 16.15. (4,2) 16.16. (3,3) 16.17. (2,1) 16.18. (1,3)
2
16.19. (0,1), (1,2) 16.20. (1,-1), (2,0) 16.21. log69,log64 16.22. -log2,log20 16.23. log23,log32 16.24. -log23,log32 17.1. 6 17.2. 4 17.3. 4
1 9
17.4. 3 17.5. 3 17.6. 17.7. 2 17.8. 5 17.9. 4 17.10. 2 17.11. 4 17.12. 17.13. 5 17.14. 7 17.15. 0 17.16. -1, -4 17.17. 2 17.18. 7
4 2
3
-5 1 1 1 3 2
17.19. 17.20. 0 17.21. 3 17.22. 2 17.23.
, 10 17.24. , 4 17.25. 4 17.26. , 8 17.27. 2 17.28. 2, 17.29. 1, 2 17.30. 1, 2, 4 18.1.
3 10 2 2 2
1 5 5 1 1
(6,2) 18.2. (5,1) 18.3. (3,3) 18.4. (3,1) 18.5. (5,2), (2,5) 18.6. (1,2), 4, 18.7. ,5 , 5, 18.8. ,2 , 2, 18.9. (2,1), (4,4) 18.10. (2,5),(5,2)
2 2 2 3 3
2 1
18.11. (2,2) 18.12. (2,2), (4,1) 18.13. (5,2) 18.14. (2,4) 18.15. (10,1) 18.16. (4,2) 18.17. (4,1) 18.18. (3,2) 18.19. 2, 18.20. (2,3), 16,
2 9