Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Recursos Naturales y Actividades Económicas
Recursos Naturales y Actividades Económicas
6HFFLyQ
5(&856261$785$/(6'(/3(5Ò
&21&(372
/RVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVVRQDTXHOORV TXHVHGLVWULEX\HQ HQODWLHUUD(VGHFLUFXDO
TXLHUIRUPDGHPDWHULDRHQHUJtDTXHH[LVWHGHPRGRQDWXUDO\TXHSXHGHVHU
XWLOL]DGDSRUHOVHUKXPDQR
• 1DWXUDOHV $TXHOORVTXHVHGLVWULEX\HQHQODWLHUUD
• (FRQyPLFRV $TXHOORVDSURYHFKDGRVSRUORVKRPEUHVDOVHUWUDQV
IRUPDGRV
&/$6,),&$&,Ð1
6HJ~QVXSHUPDQHQFLD
D ,QDJRWDEOHVRGHIOXMRVRQDTXHOORVFX\DGLVSRQLELOLGDGQRVHYHDIHFWDGD
LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHTXHVHOHVXWLOLFHRVHOHVGHMHIOXLU&OLPDWRSRJUDItD
HQHUJtDVRODUHQHUJtDHyOLFD
E 5HQRYDEOHV 6RQ$TXHOORVTXHOXHJRGHVHUGHSUHGDGRVDOWUDQVFXUULU
XQGHWHUPLQDGRFLFORVHUHSRQHQQXHYDPHQWH9HJHWDOHViUEROHV PDPtIHURV
DYHV SHFHV DJXD VXHOR HWF (O FDUiFWHUUHQRYDEOHGHXQUHFXUVRVH
SXHGHPDWL]DUH[LVWHQUHFXUVRVUHQRYDEOHVTXHVRQSRUGHILQLFLyQLQDJR
WDEOHVDHVFDODKXPDQDFRPR ODHQHUJtD VRODU OD HyOLFD ROD HQHUJtD GH ODV
PDUHDV \D TXHSRULQWHQVLYRTXHVHDVXXVRVLHPSUHHVWiQGLVSRQLEOHVGH
PRGRHVSRQWiQHR
• $SDUHQWHV $TXHOORV TXH VRQ FDSDFHV GH IRUPDUVH UHFLFODUVH RDXWRGHSX
UDUVH(MHPSOR6XHORDJXDDLUH
• 9HUGDGHURV 6RQFDSDFHVGHUHSURGXFLUVH(MHPSOR)ORUD\IDXQD
F 1R5HQRYDEOHV 6RQDTXHOORVTXHQRORJUDQUHQRYDUVH7DUGDQPLOORQHV
GHDxRV3HWUyOHRPLQHUDOHVJDVFDUEyQIRVIDWRV6RQORVUHFXUVRVPLQH
URV HQWUH ORV TXH VH SXHGH FRQWDU WDPELpQ D ORV FRPEXVWLEOHV IyVLOHV HO
FDUEyQ R HO SHWUyOHR ([LVWHQ HQ OD FRUWH]DWHUUHVWUH FDQWLGDGHV ILQLWDV GH
HVWRVPDWHULDOHVTXH SXHGHQVHUDSURYHFKDGRVSRUHOVHUKXPDQRHVWDGLV
SRQLELOLGDGOLPLWDGDLPSOLFDODQHFHVLGDGGHEXVFDUVLVWHPDVGHUHFLFODGRGH
PDWHULDOHVGHDKRUUR\DOWHUQDWLYDVDVXXVRHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQHOFDVRGH
ORVFRPEXVWLEOHV TXHQRSXHGHQ VHUUHFLFODGRVTXHQRFRPSURPHWDQHOGHVD
UUROOR\ODFDOLGDGGHYLGDGHODVVRFLHGDGHVKXPDQDV
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
6HJ~QVXRULJHQ6HFODVLILFDQHQUHFXUVRV
D $QLPDOHV WRGDVODVHVSHFLHVGHQXHVWUDIDXQD
E 9HJHWDOHV YHJHWDOHV\ODVSODQWDVVLOYHVWUHV
F 0LQHUDOHV PHWiOLFRV\QRPHWiOLFRV
G (QHUJpWLFRV3HWUyOHRJDVQDWXUDOFDUEyQHWF$VtPLVPRHVWHWLSRGH UHFXU
VRVWDPELpQSXHGHQVHUDOWHUQDWLYRVHQWUHORVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQ
+LGURHQHUJLD)OXYLDO(ODJXDHVXWLOL]DGDSDUDJHQHUDUHQHUJtDHOpFWULFD(QHO
3HU~SRUVXVGHVQLYHOHVDOWLWXGLQDOHVODGLVSRVLFLyQGHODKLGURHQHUJtDHVDOWD
*HRWpUPLFD(QHUJtDJHQHUDGDSRUHOFDORULQWHUQRGHODWLHUUD
(yOLFD (V OD HQHUJtD FUHDGD SRU ORV YLHQWRV IRUPD GH HQHUJtD PiV DQWLJXD VH
XVDQHQORVPROLQRVGHYLHQWR\HOHFWURERPEDV
0DUHRPRWUL] )XHQWH GH HQHUJtD TXH VH HQFXHQWUD HQ HO PDU SXHGHVHU XWLOL]DGD
GH WUHV IRUPDV 0DUHDV RODV \ GLIHUHQFLDV WpUPLFDV GHVXVGLVWLQWDVFDSDV
6RODU FRPR IXHQWH GH FDORU \ SDUD OD SURGXFFLyQ GH HOHFWULFLGDG /DRWUD PDQHUD
HV OD WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH OD HQHUJtD VRODU PHGLDQWHFpOXODVVRODUHVFRQVWUXLGDV
FRQPDWHULDOHVFDSDFHVGHWUDQVIRUPDUHQHOHFWULFLGDGODVUDGLDFLRQHVVRODUHV
1XFOHDU (V RWUD IRUPD GH JHQHUDU HQHUJtD PHGLDQWH HO XVR GHPLQHUDOHV
FRPRXUDQLR\HOWRULRSRUSURFHVRVGHILVLyQ\IXVLyQQXFOHDU VH SURGXFH
HQHUJtDGLFKDHQHUJtDHVDSURYHFKDGRSDUDFRQYHUWLUORHQHQHUJtDTXHHV~WLOD
ODKXPDQLGDG
=21$6'(3527(&&,Ð1
6HJ~QODWHRUtDGH7KRPDV0DOWKXV/DSREODFLyQFUHFHHQIRUPDJHRPp
WULFDPLHQWUDVTXHORVDOLPHQWRVHQIRUPDDULWPpWLFDUD]yQSRUODTXHHVQHFH
VDULR FRQWURODU OD WDVD GH QDWDOLGDG UHGXFLU OD SREODFLyQ$GHPiVVHxDODED
TXHODVJXHUUDV\HSLGHPLDVD\XGDQDUHGXFLUDODSREODFLyQ
$ UDt]GHODGHVPHVXUDGDGHSUHVLyQGHORVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVORVJRELHUQRVRSWDURQ
SRUSURWHJHUDOJXQDV]RQDVFRQHOREMHWLYRGHVDOYDJXDUGDUODELRGLYHUVLGDG
H[LVWHQWHHQHOORVHVDVtVHFUHDODVXQLGDGHVGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ
3DUTXHV1DFLRQDOHV/XJDUHV\R]RQDVQDWXUDOHVGHSURWHFFLyQ\SUHVHUYD
FLyQGHODIORUD\ IDXQDGHFDUiFWHULQWDQJLEOH'RQGHHVWiFRPSOHWDPHQWHSURKL
ELGRHODSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHORVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHV\HODVHQWDPLHQWRKXPDQR
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
1 'HQRPLQDFLyQ 8ELFDFLyQ &RQVHUYDQ
&HUURVGH 7XPEHV\6XOODQD
%RVTXHV6HFRVGHOQRURHVWH
$PRWDSH 3LXUD
/RUHWR6DQ0DUWtQ\
&RUGLOOHUDD]XO /RVUHFXUVRVGHODFRUGLOOHUD$]XO
8FD\DOL
&XWLYLUHQL %RVTXHV+~PHGRV7URSLFDOHVGHODFRUGLOOHUD
-XQtQ&XVFR
RWLVKL GH9LOFDEDPED
*UDQSDUWHGH )RUPDFLRQHVHFROyJLFDVUHVWRVDUTXHROyJLFRV
+XDVFDUiQ
$QFDVK FRGLOOHUD%ODQFD3X\DGH5DLPRQGL
0DULVFDO&iFHUHV %RVTXHVGH1HEOLQD0RQR&KRURGHFROD
5tR$ELVHR
6DQ0DUWtQ $PDULOOD
/HRQFLR /D%HOOD'XUPLHQWHFXHYDGH
7LQJRPDUtD
3UDGR+XiQXFR /HFKX]DV4XHEUDGD%HOOD
%RVTXHV(QDQRV1XERVRVKiELWDWGH
<DQDFKDJD
3DVFR2[DSDPSD 8OFXPDQX
&KHPLOOHQ
ÒQLFD&RQtIHUDQDWXUDOGHO3HU~
)DXQDVLOYHVWUH/RERGH5tR7DPERSDWD
%DKXDMD6RQHQH 0DGUHGH'LRV3XQR
&DQGDPR5tR+HDWK\VXVSDPSDV
3XUXV$WDOD\D
$OWR3XUXV %RVTXHVK~PHGRVWURSLFDOHV
8FD\DOL
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
'HQRPLQDFLyQ 8ELFDFLyQ &RQVHUYD 3U R WH JH
3 D F D \D 6 D P L U D 0 D V
$ P D ] R Q D V / R U H W R \ )O R U D \ I D X Q D G H O D V HO Y D % DM D 8 WL OL ] D FL y Q U D FL R Q D O
( [ W H Q V R
8 F D \ D OL G H O D I D X Q D VLO Y H V W U H
3 D P S D
9L F X x D V S D U D L Q F U H P H Q W D U O D U H Q W D G H O D WL H U U D H Q
/ X F D Q D V $ \D F X F K R
* D O H U D V
E H Q H I L FL R G H O D V F R P X Q L G D G H V
)O R U D \ I D X Q D G HO 7 L WL F D F D
7L WL F D F D + X D Q F D Q p 3 X Q R
0 D Q W H Q H U O D F XO W X U D G H O D S R EO D FL y Q
( F R VL V W H P D V 0 D UL Q R V 3 D W U L P R Q L R F XO W X U DO H +L V W y U L F R
3 D U D F D V 3L V F R , F D
8 V R U D F L R Q DO G H O R E R V P D U L Q R V
6 D Q WL D J R G H & K X F R / D
& DOL S X \ * X D Q D F R
/L E H U W D G
/ D F K D \ & K D Q F D \ /L P D $ O D F R V W D F H Q W U DO 9 H J H W D FL y Q D X W y F W R Q D
& D \O O R P D $ U H T X L S D
6 DOL Q D V \ $ J X D G D
6 i Q F K H ] & H U U R 0 R T X H )O R U D \ I D X Q D ± 3 DL V DM H V
%O D Q F D
J X D
7 D P E R S D W D 0 D G U H G H 'L R V )O R U D \ I D X Q D
- X Q t Q - X Q t Q 3 D V F R 5 H F X U V R V Q D W X U DO H V IO R U D \ I D X Q D
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
6DQWXDULR1DFLRQDO/XJDUHVGHSURWHFFLyQGHIORUD\IDXQDIRUPDFLR
QHVQDWXUDOHVLQWDQJLEOHSRVHHFDUiFWHUFLHQWtILFR\RWXUtVWLFR
'HQRPLQDFLyQ 8ELFDFLyQ &RQVHUY3URWHJH
+HDWK 7DPERSDWD 0DGUH
&LHUYRGH3DQWDQRV/RERGH&ULQ
PiVH[WHQVR 'LRV
0DQJODUHVGH &RFRGULOR$PHULFDQR2VR0DQJOHUR/DQJRV
7XPEHV=XUXPLOOD
7XPEHV WLQRVFRQFKDVFUXVWiFHRV\PROXVFRV
6DQWLDJRGH&KXFR
3X\DGH5DLPRQGL
&DOLSX\ /D/LEHUWDG
7DEDFRQDV1DQED 5HIXJLRGHUDQDV2VR$QGLQR7DSLUGH
&DMDPDUFD
OOH $OWXUD(O9HQDGR(QDQR&RQtIHUDV1DWLYDV
1HYDGR$PSD\ 5RGDOHVGHSRGRFDUSXV IORUD\IDXQD
$PSD\
$SXUtPDF VLOYHVWUH
5tR8UXEDPED3ODQWDVPHGLFLQDOHV
0HJDQWRQL &XVFR8UXEDPED
ERVTXHVLQWDFWRVPRQWDxDV
6DQWXDULRV+LVWyULFRV/XJDUHVLQWDQJLEOHVGHVWLQDGRVDODSURWHF
FLyQ VRQ DTXHOORV OXJDUHV GRQGH VH GHVDUUROODURQ DFRQWHFLPLHQWRV JORULRVRV GH
QXHVWUDKLVWRULDQDFLRQDO
'HQRPLQDFLyQ 8ELFDFLyQ &RQVHY3URWHFFLyQ
5HVWRV$UTXHROyJLFRV5XLQDV,QFDV
0DFKXSLFFKX 8UXEDPED&XVFR
3DLVDMHVGHORVUHVWRV
3DPSDVGH +XDPDQJD$\DFX 3DPSDVGH4XLQXD±%DWDOODGH
4XLQXD FKR $\DFXFKR
&KDFDPDUFD 3XQD-XQtQ (VFHQDULRGHOD%DWDOODGH-XQtQ
(VFHQDULRGHOD%DWDOODGH$\DFXFKR
3DPSDVGH $\DFXFKR +XD
5XLQDVSUHLQFDVGHODFXOWXUD:DUL
$\DFXFKR PDQJD
UHVWRVDUTXHROyJLFRV
%RVTXHGH 3LWLSR)HUUDxDIH 5HVWR$UTXHROyJLFRV6LFDQ)ORUD\
3RPDF /DPED\HTXH )DXQD%RVTXHV'HQVRV
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
5HVHUYD3DLVDMtVWLFD3URWHJHDTXHOORVOXJDUHVSDLVDMtVWLFDV
'(120,1$&,Ð1 8%,&$&,Ð1 3527(*(
• &XHQFD$OWDGHO&DxHWH
<DX\RV±/LPD
1RU<DX\RV&RFKDV • (FRVLVWHPDVGH3DFKD
-DXMD±-XQtQ PD\R
5HVHUYD&RPXQDO3URWHJHQDODVHWQLDVQDWLYDVHQSHOLJURGHH[WLQFLyQ
'HQRPLQDFLyQ 8ELFDFLyQ &RQVHUY3URWHJH
6XSHUILFLH
<DQHVKD
(O6LUD 5tR8FD\DOL 5HFXUVRVQDWXUDOHV
%RVTXHVK~PHGRVWURSL
0DWVLJXHQJD 3DUWH&XVFR FDOHV
$PDUNDHUL 0DGUHGH'LRV )ORUD\ IDXQD
%RVTXHV VHFRV K~PH
$VKDQLQND -XQtQ GRV9DORUHVFXOWXUDOHV
/ D T XL S D P S D / D P E D \ H T X H ) D X Q D 6LO Y H V W U H 3 D Y D $OL EO D Q F D
/ L P D ' L V W U L W R G H
3 D Q W D Q R V G H 9 LOO D $ YL I D X Q D )O R U D 6LO Y H V W U H 0 L J U D W R UL D
& K R U ULOO R V
) D X Q D ( Q G p P L F D % R V T X H V V H F R V
7 X P E H V 7 X P E H V
K ~ P H G R V W U R SL F DO H V
$O J D U U R E D O (O
5 H V W R V D U T X H R O y JL F R V % R V T X H V G H D O J D
/L E H U W D G
0 R U R U U R E R V
$ IO R U D P L H Q W R G H D J X D V W H U P D O H V 6 X E
& K D Q F D \ E D x R V
W H U U i Q H D V D J X D G XO F H
& DM D P D U F D
( V S H FL H V 6LO Y H V W UH V H Q HO % R V T X H
)O R U D \ I D X Q D V LO Y H V W U H 5 H F X U V R V
$ \P D U D / X S D F D 3 X Q R
& XO W X U DO H V
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
)O R U D \ I D X Q D V LO Y H V W U H 5 H F X U V R V F X O
7 D P E R S D W D & D Q G D P R
0 D G U H G H 'L R V
W X U DO H V
)O R U D \ I D X Q D V LO YH V W U H U H F X U V R V F X O
* X H S SL / R U H W R
W X U DO H V
/ L P D ' L V W U L W R G H
5 t R 5 t P D F 2 ULOO D V U t R V G H Y H J H W D FL y Q
& K R U ULOO R V
6 D Q WL D J R
)O R U D \ I D X Q D VLO Y H V W U H U H F X U V R V F XO W X U D
$ P D ] R Q D V
& R Q DL P D OH V
$ P D ] R Q D V
% R V T X H V G H Q H EOL Q D & X H Q F D V P H G L R V \
H Q W U H O R V U t R V
& R U GLOO H U D G H F RO D Q
E DM D V IO R U D \ I D X Q D
8 U X E D P E D
& R U GLOO H U D G H
$ Q F D V K + X i Q X F R ( F R VL V W H P D G H DO W D P R Q W D x D H [ F H S F L R Q DO
+ X D \K X D V K
/L P D E HOO H ] D S DL V DM t V WL F D
% D W D Q * U D Q G H / D P E D \ H T X H )O R U D \ I D X Q D
0 D Q X 0 D G U H G H 'L R V )O R U D \ I D X Q D
$ S X UL P D F
)O R U D \ I D X Q D
- X Q t Q \ 3 D V F R
$O W R & D x H W H \ & R F K D V
/L P D
)O R U D \ I D X Q D
3 D F K D F D \R
$O S D K X D \R
)O R U D \ I D X Q D
/ R U H W R
0 L V K D Q D
$O S D K X D \R
)O R U D \ I D X Q D
/ R U H W R
0 L V K D Q D
)O R U D \ I D X Q D
$O W R 3 X U ~ V 0 D G U H G H 'L R V \
8 F D \ D OL
)O R U D \ I D X Q D
$ P D U D N H L U t
0 D G U H G H 'L R V
%RVTXHVGHSURWHFFLyQ6RQGHSURSLHGDGHVWDWDOGHGLFDGDVDODFRQVHUYD
FLyQGHERVTXHVGHODVFXHQFDVDOWDVRFROHFWRUDVODVULEHUDVGHORVUtRVHWF
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
'(120,1$&,Ï1 8%,&$&,Ï1 &216(59$3527(*(
$OHGDxRDOD%RFD 6XHORV$OHGDxRV,QIUDHVWUXFWXUDGHOD
/LPD
WRPDFDQDOQXHYR ERFDWRPDGHOFDQDO1XHYR,PSHULDO
&RQVXPR DJUtFROD 6XHORVLQIUDHVWUXFWXUD
3XTXLR6DQWD
/LEHUWDG YLDO&HQWURVSREODGRV7LHUUDVDJUtFRODV\
5RVD
%RVTXHV
,QIUDHVWUXFWXUD9LDO&XHQFDKLGURJUiILFDGH
3XL3XL -XQtQ
ORVUtRV7XOXPD\R
6DQ0DWtDV6DQ
3DVFR2[DSDPSD 7LHUUDV$JUtFRODV
&DUORV
*DUDQWL]DUHO$EDVWHFLPLHQWRGH$JXD
3DJD\EDPED &DMDPDUFD
6XHORV±%RVTXHV
$OWR0D\R 6DQ0DUWtQ (VSHFLHVGHIDXQD\IORUD
&RWRVGH&D]D6RQiUHDVGHPDQHMRGHODIDXQDVLOYHVWUHHQWLHUUDVGH
GRPLQLRS~EOLFRRSULYDGR(VWiQGHGLFDGDVDODFD]DGHSRUWLYD
'HQRPLQDFLyQ 8ELFDFLyQ ÉUHDV HVSHFLILFDV
%RVTXHVVHFRVGH3LXUD\
(O$QJROR 3LXUD
7XPEHV(VWDWDO
1DFLHQWHVGHO 5tR&KLFDPD\
6XQFKXEDPED &DMDPDUFD
-HTXHWHSHTXH3ULYDGR
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
6HFFLyQ
$&7,9,'$'(6(&21Ï0,&$6(1(/3(5Ò
,1752'8&&,21
/DVDFWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDVVRQODVDFFLRQHVGHOKRPEUHTXHVLUYHQSDUDVXV
WHQWDUODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHXQ(VWDGR\SDUDREWHQHUGLYLVDVDILQGHGHVDUUR
OODUVXHFRQRPtD6HFODVLILFDQHQ
D ([WUDFWLYDV3HVFDODPLQHUtD\ODH[WUDFFLyQIRUHVWDOE3URGXFWLYDV$JULFXO
WXUD\JDQDGHUtD
F 7UDQVIRUPDWLYDV,QGXVWULD\DUWHVDQtD
G 'LVWULEXWLYDV&RPHUFLR\ORVVHUYLFLRV
0,1(5,$
(VODDFWLYLGDGSRUODTXHHOKRPEUHH[WUDHORVUHFXUVRVPLQHUDOHVTXHQHFH
VLWD 6H UHODFLRQD FRQ ODV DFWLYLGDGHV GH FDWHR H[SORUDFLyQH[SORWDFLyQH[LVWHQWHV
HQHOVXHOR\VXEVXHORDVtFRPRVXSRVWHULRUEHQHILFLRUHILQDFLyQFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ
\ WUDQVSRUWH
(VXQDDFWLYLGDGTXHGDWDGHWLHPSRVSUHKLVSiQLFRV\HQODDFWXDOLGDGHVODDFWLYL
GDGHFRQyPLFDPiVLPSRUWDQWH
(O 3HU~ HV XQ SDtV ULFR HQ PLQHUDOHV SRU OD GLYHUVLGDG GH UHOLHYH HV XQ SDtVSROL
PHWiOLFRGRQGHHQFRQWUDPRVKDVWDWLSRVGHPHWDOHV
(QVXVLQLFLRVODPLQHUtDHVWDEDDFDUJRGHFRPSDxtDVH[WUDQMHUDVOXHJRGHOHVWD
GR HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG ORV SULQFLSDOHV FHQWURV PLQHURV HVWiQ HQ PDQRV GHHPSUHVDV
SULYDGDV
&ODVLILFDFLyQ
D 0HWiOLFRV VRQPHWDOHVFRPRHORURSODWDFREUH]LQJHWF
E 1RPHWiOLFRV FRPRHOJUDQLWRPiUPRO\HVRHWF6XXWLOL]DFLyQHVGLYHUVD
SRUHMHPSORFRQHOD]XIUHVHHODERUDSDSHOFRQHOFXDU]RYLGULR
F (QHUJpWLFRVVRQODSULQFLSDOIXHQWHGHHQHUJtDVHXELFDQHQHOVXEVXHOR
FRPRHOSHWUyOHRHOJDVQDWUDO\HOFDUEyQ
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
3ULQFLSDOHVPLQHUDOHVPHWiOLFRV
D &REUH 0X\ XWLOL]DGR HQ OD LQGXVWULD EpOLFD HOHFWUyQLFD DXWRPRYLOtVWLFD \ HQ OD
IDEULFDFLyQGHFDEOHVFRQGXFWRUHV(OFREUHHVHOVHJXQGRPHWDOPiVXWLOL]DGR
HQHOPXQGR\HVYDORUDGRSRUVXFRQGXFWLYLGDGPDOHDELOLGDG\UHVLVWHQFLDD
ODFRUURVLyQ
/RV\DFLPLHQWRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVVRQ&XDMRQH\7RTXHSDOD2WURVLPSRUWDQ
WHV\DFLPLHQWRVVRQ&HUUR9HUGH7LQWD\D4XHOODYHFR0LFKLTXLOOD\$QWDPLQD
/RVSULQFLSDOHVSDtVHVSURGXFWRUHVGHFREUHDQLYHOPXQGLDOVRQ&KLOH
((88,QGRQHVLD$XVWUDOLD&DQDGi\3HU~
E +LHUUR6HHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGRQDWLYRRIRUPDQGRFRPSXHVWRVFRPRODKHPD
WLQDODOLPRQLWDODVLGHULWD\ODPDJQHWLWD(O\DFLPLHQWRGHKLHUURPiVLPSRU
WDQWHHQHOSDtVHV0DUFRQD3URYGH1D]FD±,FD6XH[SORWDFLyQHVDWDMR
DELHUWR 8QD SDUWH GH VX SURGXFFLyQ VH GHVWLQD D ODV VLGHU~UJLFDV GH
&KLPERWH$QFDVK$FHURV$UHTXLSD$UHTXLSD\HOUHVWRVHH[SRUWD2WURV
\DFLPLHQWRVIHUUtIHURVVRQ$FDUt$UHTXLSD7DPERJUDQGH3LXUD5RQGRUL
+XDQXFR &HUUR 0RULWR 7DFQD /RV PD\RUHV SURGXFWRUHV PXQGLDOHV GH
DFHUR VRQ ((88 5XVLD $OHPDQLD ,QJODWHUUD -DSyQ )UDQFLD &KLQD ,WDOLD
HWF
F 3ORPR6HHQFXHQWUDIRUPDQGRFRPSXHVWRVFRPRJDOHQDODDQJOHVLWD
OD JHUXVLWD HWF 6X DSOLFDFLyQ HV HQ OD IDEULFDFLyQ GHFDxHUtDVSLQWXUDV
VROGDGXUDLPSUHQWDEDODV\PXQLFLRQHVHWF6HHQFXHQWUDSRUORJHQHUDODVR
FLDGRDO]LQF\ODSODWD/RVSULQFLSDOHV\DFLPLHQWRVSO~PELFRVHQHO3HU~VRQ
&DVDSDOFD/LPD 0LOSR 3DVFR 0RURFRFKD -XQtQ $UFDWD $UHTXLSD -XOFD
QL+XDQFDYHOLFD6DQ9LFHQWH-XQtQ&HUURGH3DVFR3DVFR<DXULFRFKD/L
PD 5HFXSHUDGD +XDQFDYHOLFD %XHQDYHQWXUD +XDQFDYHOLFD &RTXLMLUFD
3DVFRHWF/RVSULQFLSDOHV SURGXFWRUHV PXQGLDOHVGHSORPRVRQ&KLQD$XV
WUDOLD((883HU~\&DQDGi
G =LQF6HHQFXHQWUDIRUPDQGRFRPSXHVWRVFRPRODEOHQGDODHVFDOHULWD
ODFDODPLQDHWF6XDSOLFDFLyQHVDOHDFLRQHVSDUDSURGXFLUODWyQSODWDDOHPDQD
LQGXVWULDDXWRPRYLOtVWLFDHWF
/RV\DFLPLHQWRVGH]LQFPiVLPSRUWDQWHVHQHO3HU~VRQ$QWDPLQD$QFDVK
&DVDSDOFD/LPD0LOSR3DVFR$UFDWD$UHTXLSD-XOFDQL+XDQFDYHOLFD6DQ
9LFHQWH -XQtQ +XDUyQ 3DVFR 6DQ &ULVWyEDO -XQtQ 5DXUD 3DVFR &D
UDKXDUD-XQtQ$WRFRFKD3DVFR+XDUyQ3DVFR6DQWDQGHU/LPD
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
/RVPD\RUHVSURGXFWRUHVPXQGLDOHVGH]LQFVRQ&KLQD$XVWUDOLD&DQDGi
3HU~\((88
H 2UR6XDSOLFDFLyQHVODHODERUDFLyQGHMR\DVPHGDOODVPRQHGDVGHFROHFFLyQ
\ FRPRUHVSDOGRHFRQyPLFRDODVPRQHGDVGHSDSHOUHVHUYDV
/RVSULQFLSDOHV\DFLPLHQWRVDXUtIHURVGHO3HU~VRQ<DQDFRFKD&DMDPDUFD
/DEHULQWR 0DGUH GH 'LRV 6DQ $QWRQLR GH SRWR 3XQR $QWDPLQD $QFDVK
3LHULQD $QFDVK 3DUFR\ /D OLEHUWDG %XOGLEX\R /D /LEHUWDG &HUUR &RUQRD
$UHTXLSD 3D~FDU $UHTXLSD 1DWRPDV$UHTXLSD/DHVWUHOOD /D /LEHUWDG
3DWD]/D/LEHUWDG5LQFRQDGD3XQR6DUDPDUFD,FD5HWDPDV3XQR0DU
VD/D/LEHUWDGHWF
/RVPD\RUHVSURGXFWRUHVPXQGLDOHVGHRURVRQ5HS~EOLFDVXGDIULFDQD((88
$XVWUDOLD&KLQD\&DQDGi
I 3ODWD6XDSOLFDFLyQHVHQODIDEULFDFLyQGHMR\DVPRQHGDVPHGDOODV
HQWUHRWURV
/RVSULQFLSDOHV\DFLPLHQWRVDUJHQWtIHURVHQHO3HU~VRQ&DVDSDOFD/LPD
&HUURGH3DVFR3DVFR-XOFDQL+XDQFDYHOLFD$UFDWD$UHTXLSD0LOSR
3DVFR0RURFRFKD-XQtQ6DQ9LFHQWH-XQtQ+XDUyQ 3DVFR 6DQ &ULVWy
EDO -XQtQ 5DXUD 3DVFR %XHQDYHQWXUD+XDQFDYHOLFD&D\OORPD$UHTXLSD
HWF
/D SODWDXQ PHWDO EODQFR \ EODQGR HQ HVWDGRSXURVXHOH GDUVH HQ ODQDWXUDOH
]DDVRFLDGRFRQRWUDVPHQDVGHPHWDOHV/DPD\RUtDGHODSODWDTXHVHRE
WLHQHKR\VHH[WUDHFRQMXQWDPHQWHFRQSORPR\FREUHFRPR XQ VXESURGXFWR
/DV PLQDV GH .RQVEHUJ HQ 1RUXHJD VRQFpOHEUHVSRUVXVHVSHFLPHQHVGH
DODPEUHVGHSODWDSXUD
/RVPD\RUHVSURGXFWRUHVGHSODWDHQHOPXQGRVRQ0p[LFR3HU~((88
$XVWUDOLD\&KLOH
3ULQFLSDOHVPLQHUDOHVHQHUJpWLFRV
D 3HWUyOHR6XRULJHQVHDWULEX\HDODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHUHVWRVGHVXVWDQ
FLDVRUJiQLFDVIyVLOHV(V XQOtTXLGRROHRVRELWXPLQRVR GHRULJHQQDWXUDO
FRPSXHVWRSRUGLIHUHQWHVVXVWDQFLDVRUJiQLFDV7DPELpQUHFLEHORVQRP
EUHVGHSHWUyOHRFUXGRFUXGRSHWUROtIHURRVLPSOHPHQWH³FUXGR´
6H HQFXHQWUD HQ JUDQGHV FDQWLGDGHV EDMR OD VXSHUILFLH WHUUHVWUH \ VHHPSOHD
FRPR FRPEXVWLEOH \ PDWHULD SULPD SDUD OD LQGXVWULD TXtPLFD/DV VRFLHGDGHV
LQGXVWULDOHVPRGHUQDVORXWLOL]DQVREUHWRGRSDUDORJUDU XQJUDGR GH PRYLOL
GDGSRU WLHUUD PDU\ DLUH LPSHQVDEOH KDFHVyORDxRV$GHPiVHOSHWUyOHR
\ VXV GHULYDGRV VH HPSOHDQ SDUDIDEULFDU PHGLFLQDV IHUWLOL]DQWHV SURGXFWRV
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
DOLPHQWLFLRVREMHWRVGHSOiVWLFRPDWHULDOHVGHFRQVWUXFFLyQSLQWXUDV\WH[WLOHV
\ SDUDJHQHUDUHOHFWULFLGDG
• <DFLPLHQWRV /RVSULQFLSDOHV\DFLPLHQWRVGHHVWHPLQHUDOHQHOWHUULWRULR
SHUXDQRVRQ
• &RVWD 7XPEHV3LXUD\]yFDORFRQWLQHQWDOGHOQRUHVWHSHUXDQR
• 6LHUUD FXHQFDGHOODJR7LWLFDFD
• 6HOYD DJXDVFDOLHQWHV&DSLURQDWURPSHWHURV3DYD\DFX7XQFKHSOD
\D3DXMLO9DOHQFLD1XHYDHVSHUDQ]D\3ODQWD\DFX
• /RUHWR
• 5HILQHUtDV 7DODUD 3LXUD HV OD PDV DQWLJXD 3DPSLOOD /LPD OD PiV
JUDQGH&RQFKiQ/LPD,TXLWRV/RUHWR\3XFDOOSD
• 7UDQVSRUWH 6HOYD DPD]yQLFD 3DUD HO WUDQVSRUWH GHO SHWUyOHR GHODVHOYD
DPD]yQLFDVHFRQVWUX\yGXUDQWHHOJRELHUQRUHYROXFLRQDULRGH-XDQ9HODVFR
$OYDUDGRHO³2OHRGXFWR1RUSHUXDQR´TXHSDUWHGHODORFDOLGDGGHVDQ
-RVpGH6DUDPXUR6LJXHHOFXUVRGHOUtR0DUDxyQDWUDYLHVDORVSRQJRVGH
0DQVHULFKH \ 5HQWHPD HO 3DVR GH 3RUFXOOD FUX]D HO GHVLHUWR GH6HFKXUD
KDVWDOOHJDUD%D\yYDU3LXUD 'HVGH DPERV SXQWRVH[WUHPRV HO ROHR
GXFWRWLHQHXQDH[WHQVLyQGH.PSHURSRVHH GRV UDPDOHV HO GH
&DSDKXDUL UDPDO 1RUWH\ HO UDPDO GHFRUULHQWHVTXHSDUWHGH3DYD\DFX
FRQORVTXHODORQJLWXGGHOROHRGXFWRDOFDQ]DUtDORV.P
• ([SORWDFLyQSHWUROHUD (OSHWUyOHRHVHOPLQHUDOFRPEXVWLEOHOtTXLGRGH
PD\RU LPSRUWDQFLD SDUD HO KRPEUH HQ HO PXQGR DFWXDOHVXQFRPSXHVWR
GHKLGUyJHQR\FDUERQRHQSURSRUFLRQHVYDULDGDV
• 'HULYDGRV 6H WLHQH OD JDVROLQD SHWUyOHR NHURVHQH GRPpVWLFR R LQGXV
WULDO DFHLWHV SDUD PRWRUHV JUDVDV OXEULFDQWHV DVIDOWRVEHQFLQDYDVH
OLQDSDUDILQDHWF3URGXFWRVLQGXVWULDOHV,QVHFWLFLGDVGLVROYHQWHVSOiVWLFRV
DLVODQWHVIHUWLOL]DQWHVILEUDVVLQWpWLFDVHWF
E *DVQDWXUDO(VXQFRPEXVWLEOHIyVLOIRUPDGRSRUXQFRQMXQWRGHKLGURFDU
EXURVTXHHQFRQGLFLRQHVGHUHVHUYRULRVHHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGR JDVHRVR R
HQ GLVROXFLyQ FRQ HO SHWUyOHR \ FRPR ³JDV QDWXUDOQRDVRFLDGR´FXDQGRQRHVWi
DFRPSDxDGRGHSHWUyOHR
(OiUHDGHPD\RUUHVHUYDGHOJDVQDWXUDOHQHO3HU~HVHO\DFLPLHQWRGH &DPL
VHD &XVFR TXH LQLFLy VX IDVH GH H[SORWDFLyQ HO DxR 2WURV\DFLPLHQWRV
JDVtIHURVVRQ6HSDKXD0DGUHGH'LRV7DODUD3LXUD\$JXD\WtD8FD\DOL
/RV PD\RUHV SURGXFWRUHVGH JDV QDWXUDOHQ HO PXQGRVRQ 5XVLD&DQDGi
5HLQR8QLGR$UJHOLD
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
F &DUEyQPLQHUDO7DPELpQOODPDGRFDUEyQGHSLHGUDRKXOOD6XVDSOLFDFLR
QHV VRQ HQ ODV LQGXVWULDV VLGHU~UJLFD SHWURTXtPLFD H[SORVLYRV FRORUDQWHV LQ
VHFWLFLGDVSOiVWLFRVHWF
7LSRV6HGLVWLQJXHQFXDWURWLSRV
7XUED FDUEyQHQIRUPDFLyQ
/LJQLWR FDUEyQUHFLHQWHPHQWHIRUPDGR
+XOOD HOPiVDEXQGDQWHHQHOPXQGR
$QWUDFLWD PiVDQWLJXR\GHDOWRUHQGLPLHQWR
7,326 &$5$&7(5Ì67,&$ &$3$&,'$' &$/25Ì),&$
• ( V H O P H Q R V W U D Q V I R U P D G R \
F R P S D F W R
• & R Q W LH Q H J UD Q F D Q W LG D G G H
U H V W R V Y H J H WD OH V Q R F D UE R Q L
• 3 R E U H H Q F D UE R Q R
•
7 X U E D
I LF D G R V ( V F D V R S R G H U F D OR U t I LF R
• 6 H I R UP D H Q ] R Q D V S D Q W D Q R
V D V
• ( V P i V V y OLG R T X H OD W X U E D • 3 R E U H H Q F D UE R Q R
F R Q H V W U X F W X U D OH x R VD
• ( V F D V R S R G H U F D OR U t I LF R
• •
/L J QL W R
& R OR U S D UG R R Q H J UR
6 H X V D H Q MR \ H U t D
• 6 H T X H P D V LQ K X P R
• ( V Q H J U D F R P S D F W D \ G H • 0 i V H Q U LT X H F LG D H Q F D U
E X H Q E U LOOR E R Q R \ H OH P H Q W R V Y R Oi W LOH V
+ XOO D
• & D V L Q R V H H Q F X H Q W UD Q Y H V • $ OW R S R G H U F D OR U t I LF R
W LJ LR V Y H J H W D OH V
• / OD P D G R F D UE y Q G H S LH G UD • 0 i V H Q U LT X H F LG D H Q F D U
• ( V G X UD F R P S D F W D \ G H F R OR U
E R Q R \ H OH P H Q W R V Y R Oi W LOH V
•
$ Q W U D FL W D
E U LOOD Q WH 0 D \ R U S R G H U F D OR U t I LF R
<DFLPLHQWRV/RVSULQFLSDOHV\DFLPLHQWRVFDUERQtIHURVGHO3HU~VRQ
35,1&,3$/(6<$&,0,(1726
• *R\OODULVTXL]JD3DV • 3DUXUR\/LYLWDFD
FR &XVFR
• &XHQFDGHOUtR6DQWD • /LUFD\+XDQFDYHOLFD
$QFDVK • 3DOFD7DFQD
• 2\yQ/LPD • <DQDFDQFKD&DMD
• +DWXQKXDVL-XQtQ PDUFD
• &XHQFDGHOUtR • 4XHURSDOFD+XDQXFR
&KLFDPD/D/LEHU
WDG
• &DUXPDV0RTXHJXD
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
/RV FLQFR PD\RUHV SURGXFWRUHV GH FDUEyQ PLQHUDO HQ HO PXQGR VRQ &KLQD
((88,QGLD$XVWUDOLD\5XVLD
,PSRUWDQFLDGHODPLQHUtD
• (VODSULQFLSDOIXHQWHGHGLYLVDVFRPRSURPHGLRSURGXFWRGH
QXHVWUDVH[SRUWDFLRQHVGHPLQHUDOHV
• (VODDFWLYLGDGTXHFDSWDPD\RUHVLQYHUVLRQHVH[WUDQMHUDVVREUHWRGRSRU
ODWHFQRORJtDDHPSOHDUVHSDUDODH[WUDFFLyQGHORVPLQHUDOHV
• (VIXHQWHRFXSDFLRQDOGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDHQWUHORVDOWDPHQWHFD
OLILFDGRVSURIHVLRQDOHVSHUVRQDOHVSHFLDOL]DGR\WUDEDMDGRUHVQRFDOLIL
FDGRV DSDUWH GH VHU XQD HVSHUDQ]D SDUD GHVRFXSDGRV \HVWX
GLDQWHV
• &RQWULEX\H DO GHVDUUROOR LQWHJUDO SRU OD LQVWDODFLyQ GH QXPHURVDV REUDV
FRPSOHPHQWDULDV TXH UHTXLHUH XWLOL]DUKLGURHOpFWULFDVFDUUHWHUDVIH
UURFDUULOHVYLYLHQGDVPRGHUQDVFHQWURVHGXFDWLYRVKRVSLWDOHVPHU
FDGRV
• 3URPXHYH HO GHVDUUROOR GH RWUDV DFWLYLGDGHV HFRQyPLFDV WUDQVSRUWH
FRPHUFLRDJULFXOWXUDJDQDGHUtDDUWHVDQtDVHUYLFLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV
• \ GHUHFUHDFLyQDVtFRPRODVREUDVFRPSOHPHQWDULDVFRPR
FRQFHQWUDGRUDVIXQGLFLRQHVUHILQHUtDVHWF
• 6HKDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQRGHORVUXEURVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHODHFRQRPtDSH
UXDQD WDQWR SRU FRQVWLWXLU XQD DOWHUQDWLYD H[FHOHQWH SDUD OD FDSWDFLyQGHGL
YLVDVFRPRSRUSUHVHQWDUXQDIXHQWHGHWUDEDMR\VXEVLVWHQFLDSDUDPLOHVGH
SHUXDQRV\VXVIDPLOLDV/DPLQHUtDVHGLYLGHHQPLQHUtDGHPHWiOLFRV
KLHUUR RUR SODWD ]LQF FREUH GH QR PHWiOLFRV SLHGUD \HVRD]XIUHHWF\
GHFRPEXVWLEOHVSHWUyOHR\JDV
3(6&$
(V XQD GH ODV DFWLYLGDGHV HFRQyPLFDV PiV DQWLJXDV GHO KRPEUH SRU OR TXHDSUR
YHFKD ORV UHFXUVRV LFWLROyJLFRV GH ORV PDUHV UtRV \ ODJRV HPSOHiQGRORV GLUHFWD
PHQWH HQ OD DOLPHQWDFLyQ R FRPR PDWHULD SULPD HQ OD HODERUDFLyQ GHORVGLYHUVRV
SURGXFWRVGHULYDGRV
(QQXHVWURSDtVHOGHHVWRVUHFXUVRVVHREWLHQHQGHOPDUSHUXDQRULFRSRU OD
PLQHUDOL]DFLyQ GH VXV DJXDV \ OR GHPiV GH ODJRV UtRV \ FRFKDV GHOLQWHULRUGHO
SDtV
$ SDUWLU GH ORV DxRV GHO VLJOR SDVDGR OD SHVFD WXYR XQ JUDQ GHVDUUROOR SRU OD
GHPDQGDH[WUDQMHUDHQODLQGXVWULDFRQVHUYHUD\OXHJRHQODLQGXVWULDKDULQHUD
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
/D H[WUDFFLyQ GHO SHVFDGR GHVWLQDGR D OD DOLPHQWDFLyQ HV VyOR XQD SHTXHxDSDUWH
GHO YROXPHQ WRWDOGHSHVFD 3RUHVR SRUODLQWHQVLGDGRYROXPHQ GHSHVFD\OD
LQYHUVLyQGHFDSLWDOVHFRQRFHQGRVWLSRV
D /DSHVFDDUWHVDQDO3UDFWLFDGDSRUORVSHVFDGRUHVGHQXHVWUROLWRUDOXWLOL
]DQGRHPEDUFDFLRQHVSULPLWLYDV\ GHUHGXFLGDVGLPHQVLRQHVFRPRORVFDEDOOL
WRVGHWRWRUDHQHO1RUWHODVFKDODQDV\ERWHVDUHPRDYHODRLPSXOVDGRVSRU
SHTXHxRVPRWRUHV
8WLOL]DQLQVWUXPHQWRVSHVTXHURVGHSRFRDOFDQFHFRPRFRUGHOHVFRQDQ]XH
ORVUHGHVDJDOOHUDVDWDUUD\DVHVSLQHOHV\FKLQFKRUURV3HVFDQHQODQRFKH
SDUDUHJUHVDUDORVSXHUWRVSRUODPDxDQD
E /DSHVFDHPSUHVDULDO/DUHDOL]DQHPSUHVDVSHVTXHUDVQDFLRQDOHV\H[
WUDQMHUDVTXHLQYLHUWHQJUDQGHVFDSLWDOHV\HPEDUFDFLRQHVJUDQGHVPRGHU
QDV\PX\ELHQHTXLSDGDVEROLFKHUDVEDUFRVIDFWRUtDV/RVHTXLSRVTXH
XWLOL]DQVRQSURGXFWRGHODDOWDWHFQRORJtDFRPRUHGHVGHHQFLHUUHHTXLSRV
DEVRUEHQWHVFiPDUDVGHUHIULJHUDFLyQ\SODQWDVGHEHQHILFLR
7LHQHQVXVEDVHVHQPRGHUQRVFRPSOHMRVWHUPLQDOHV\IULJRUtILFRVSHV
TXHURV]RQDOHVHQORV SULQFLSDOHV SXHUWRVGHOSDtVDORVTXHUHWRUQDQGHVSXpV
GHYDULRVGtDVGHRSHUDFLRQHVHQDOWDPDU
(QODVSULQFLSDOHVFLXGDGHVWDPELpQWLHQHQWHUPLQDOHVSHVTXHURVUHIUL
JHUDGRV GRQGH VH FRQVHUYD \ GLVWULEX\H HO SHVFDGR SDUD HO FRQVXPRKXPDQR
GLUHFWR
$VSHFWRVFRPSOHPHQWDULRV
D $FWLYLGDGH[WUDFWLYD 'HVDUUROODGD HQ HO PDU SHUXDQR ODJRV \ UtRV GHQXHVWUR
SDtV
E ,QGXVWULDOL]DFLyQ 6HFR FRQJHODGR IUHVFR FRQVHUYDV DFHLWHV \ KDULQDV GH
SHVFDGR
F 3ULQFLSDOHVSXHUWRV &KLPERWH&DOODR3LVFR3DLWD,OR0DWDUDQL\0ROOHQ
GR
G &RPSOHMRVLQGXVWULDOHV &KLPERWH3LVFR3DLWD6DQ-RVp&DOODR7DODUD
3LPHQWHO
H 3ULQFLSDOHVSHFHV (QWUHODVHVSHFLHVGHSHVFDGRGHVWLQDGRDOFRQ
VXPR KXPDQR GLUHFWR ILJXUDQ OD &RUYLQD MXUHO FRMLQRYD ERQLWRFDEDOOD
DQFKRYHWDSHMHUUH\VDUGLQDHWF
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
7$/$
• 3URFHVRSRUHOTXHVHH[WUDHORVUHFXUVRVGHIORUDGHORViUEROHV(O
KRPEUH OH GD XQD XWLOL]DFLyQ GLYHUVD FRPR XVR GH PDGHUD \ VXV
GHULYDGRVPXHEOHV HQ JHQHUDO SDSHO SXHUWDV HWF (O 3HU~ HVXQRGHORV
SDtVHVTXHPHQRUXVRKDFHGHVXVUHFXUVRVIRUHVWDOHV
• (Q OD FRVWD HV /DPED\HTXH OD SULQFLSDO IXHQWH GH DOJDUURER XVDGD SDUD
OHxDFDUEyQ\VHSURFHVDSDSHO\FDUWyQ
• (QODVLHUUDVRORVHXWLOL]DOD PDGHUDGHORVERVTXHVGHHXFDOLSWR([LVWHHO
SUR\HFWR6LHUUD9HUGH
• (VVLQGXGDHQODVHOYDTXHWHQHPRVODPD\RUSURGXFFLyQGHPDGHUD
• FRPRHOFHGURHOWRUQLOORFDRED
$*5,&8/785$
(V OD DFWLYLGDG HFRQyPLFD TXH FRQVLVWH HQ FXOWLYDU OD WLHUUD KDFLHQGR XVR GHDER
QRV\ SULQFLSDOPHQWH DJXD SDUD REWHQHU ORV SURGXFWRVDOLPHQWLFLRV TXHUHTXLHUH
HO KRPEUH SDUD VXEVLVWLU 5HSUHVHQWD XQR GH ORV SULQFLSDOHV UXEURVGHODHFRQRPtD
SHUXDQD\RFXSDJUDQGHVQLYHOHVGHPDQRGHREUD
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODDJULFXOWXUD
D (QODFRVWD
• (VHOVHFWRUSHUXDQRPiVSHTXHxRHQVXSHUILFLHVLQHPEDUJRODDJULFXO
WXUD HVWi QRWDEOHPHQWH GHVDUUROODGD VLHQGR HO UHQGLPLHQWR SRU +HFWiUHD HO
PiVDOWRHVWRVHYHIDYRUHFLGRSRUTXHORVWHUUHQRVVRQSODQRV
• 3UHGRPLQD OD DJULFXOWXUD LQWHQVLYD PHFDQL]DGD SRU HO XVR LQWHQVLYRGHOD
PDTXLQDULDDJUtFRODORTXHGHWHUPLQDDVXYH]XQDJUDQSURGXFFLyQ
VHXWLOL]DQDERQRVSHVWLFLGDVDSRUWHWpFQLFRGHDJUyQRPRVHOFXO
WLYRHVLQWHQVLYRiUHDVUHGXFLGDVVHHPSOHDQIXHUWHVFDSLWDOHV\VHXWLOL
]DQVHPLOODVPHMRUDGDV
• 6H FXOWLYDQ SURGXFWRV LQGXVWULDOHV FRPR DOJRGyQ \ FDxD GH D]~FDU GH DOWR
YDORUHFRQyPLFR\VLUYHSDUDH[SRUWDUDGHPiVGHHVSiUUDJRV\DUUR]
• &RQ OD LUULJDFLyQ GH ODV SDPSDV VH KD DPSOLDGR HO GHVDUUROOR DJUtFROD HQ
JUDQPHGLGDSRUHMHPSOR0DMHV\&KDYLPRFKLF
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
E (QODVLHUUD
• $ SHVDU GH WHQHU VXHORV PX\ IpUWLOHV QR KD DOFDQ]DGR QRWDEOHGHVD
UUROOR
• 3UHGRPLQDODDJULFXOWXUDH[WHQVLYD\DTXHHQODPD\RUtDGHiUHDVGHFXOWLYR
VH HPSOHDQ WRGDYtD PpWRGRV WUDGLFLRQDOHV FRPR OD \XQWD \ ODFKDTXLWDFOOD
QR VH HPSOHDQ DERQRV VDOYR ORV H[FUHPHQWRV GH RYLQRV YDFXQRV
DXTXpQLGRV QR VH FXHQWD FRQ DVLVWHQFLD DJUtFRODQLRULHQWDFLyQFLHQWtILFD
QLWpFQLFDODVFRVHFKDVVRQDWDFDGDVSRUSODJDVVHTXtDVRKHODGDV
• 6H FXOWLYDQ PD\RUPHQWH SURGXFWRV DOLPHQWLFLRV FRPR ODV SDSDVPDt]
WULJRFHEDGDTXLQXDTXHWLHQHQXQEDMRYDORUHFRQyPLFR\TXHVHXWLOL]DQHQ
PXFKRVFDVRVSDUDHODXWRFRQVXPR
F(QODVHOYD
• 6HFWRUPiVH[WHQVRGHO3HU~SHURSDUDGyMLFDPHQWHHOGHPHQRUSUR
GXFFLyQ
• (O FOLPD PX\ FiOLGR OOXYLRVR \ K~PHGR QR SHUPLWHQ XQ HILFD]GHVD
UUROORGHODDJULFXOWXUDVREUHWRGRHQODVHOYDEDMD\DSHVDUGHVHU HO
GH QXHVWUR WHUULWRULR VyOR VH FXOWLYDQ KHFWiUHDVVyORVHXWLOL]DQORV
WDKXDPSDOHVHQODVULYHUDVGHORVUtRV
• (QODVHOYDDOWDVLKD\ EXHQRVWHUUHQRVSDUDFXOWLYDUFDIpFRFDWpTXHVt
WLHQHQXQJUDQYDORUHFRQyPLFR
• /DVH[FHVLYDVOOXYLDVODWXSLGDYHJHWDFLyQLPSLGHHOGHVDUUROORGHODVWLHUUDV
GHFXOWLYRODDEXQGDQFLDGHLQVHFWRVSURYRFDXQDVHULHGHHQIHUPHGD
GHVFRQWRGRODVHOYDVLJXHVLHQGRHOHPSRULRIXWXURGHOSDtV
7LSRV
D ,QWHQVLYD FXDQGRFXHQWDFRQWRGRVORVDGHODQWRVGHODFLHQFLD\WHFQRORJ
tD VH GD PiV HQ OD FRVWD TXH HQ OD VLHUUD \ VHOYD 5HFXUUH DO HPSOHR GH
DERQRV TXtPLFRV DJUyQRPRV PiTXLQDV WUDFWRUHVVLVWHPDVGHULHJRLQ
VHFWLFLGDVKHUELFLGDV\VHOHFFLyQGHVHPLOODV
E ([WHQVLYD(VODWUDGLFLRQDOFXHQWDVRORFRQODH[SHULHQFLDGHODJULFXOWRU
DERQDQFRQHVWLpUFRODQLPDOGHSHQGHGHODVOOXYLDVVHFDQRVHYHIXHU
WHPHQWHDIHFWDGDSRUVHTXtDVKHODGDVSODJDVQRXVDVHPLOODVPHMRUDGDVHV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODVLHUUD\VHOYDGHO3HU~
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
3ULQFLSDOHVFXOWLYRV
D &RVWD DOJRGyQ WLSR SLPD \ WDQJXLV HQ 3LXUD H ,FD $UUR] VXSHULRU HQ&DPDQi
\ HO1RUWHYDOOHVGH&KDQFD\\-HTXHWHSHTXH&DxDGHD]~FDU YDOOHV GH
&KLFDPD \ &KDQFD\ FHQWUR GH /LPD \ 6XU GHO YDOOHGH 7DPER &KXFDUDSL HQ
$UHTXLSD /D PHMRU D]~FDU VH H[SRUWD 6XVGHULYDGRVFRPRODPHOD]DD]~FDU
UXELDDOFRKROSDSHO2WURVFXOWLYRVSDOODUHVIULMROHVFDODED]DVIUXWDOHVDMtPDt]
IRUUDMHURHWF
E 6LHUUD0Dt]WULJR\FHEDGDWDPELpQSDSD\VXVGHULYDGRVFRPRFKXxR \
WXQWD<TXLQXDTXLZLFKDNDxLZXDRFDROOXFRWDUZLPDFDHWF
F 6HOYD FRFD FDIp FDFDR Wp WDEDFRDUUR]\XFD \ JUDQ YDULHGDG GHIUXWDV
3ULQFLSDOHVFXOWLYRVGHODFRVWD
D $UUR] (QHO3HU~VHFXOWLYDHQODFRVWD\HQODUHJLyQDPD]yQLFD/RVGHSDUWD
PHQWRV SURGXFWRUHVGH DUUR] VRQ /LEHUWDG /DPED\HTXH7XPEHV3LXUD
$QFDVK$UHTXLSDHQODFRVWD&DPDQiYDOOHGH7DPER$PD]RQDV\6DQ
0DUWtQHQOD$PD]RQtD
(ODUUR]HVXQRGHORVFHUHDOHVPiVFXOWLYDGRV&DVLWRGDVODVHVSHFLHV
H[LJHQXQVXHORPX\K~PHGRGXUDQWHODJUDQSDUWHGHODHVWDFLyQ GH FUHFL
PLHQWR (ODUUR] VHFXOWLYD HQ $VLD ÈIULFD $PpULFDGHO6XU(VWDGRV8QLGRV
(XURSDPHULGLRQDO\RWUDVUHJLRQHVGHOPXQGR
E &DxDGHD]~FDU(QORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVSURGXFWRUHVGHFDxDGHD]~FDU\
GHULYDGRVDOFRKROFKDQFDFDPHOD]DSDSHOHWFVHHQFXHQWUDQORVOOD
PDGRV³LQJHQLRVD]XFDUHURV´ORVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVVRQ
'HSDUWDPHQWR ,QJHQLRVD]XFDUHURV
/D/LEHUWDG &DVDJUDQGH/DUHGR&DUWDYLR
/DPED\HTXH 3RPDOFD7XPiQ3XFDOi\&D\DOWL
/LPD 3DUDPRQJD\$QGDKXDVL
$UHTXLSD 3DPSD%ODQFD\&KXFDUDSL
$QFDVK 6DQ-DFLQWR
/D FDxD GH D]~FDU VH FXOWLYD HQ ODV UHJLRQHV WURSLFDOHV \ VXEWURSLFDOHV GH WRGR HO
PXQGR\HVLPSRUWDQWHIXHQWHGHD]~FDU
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
F $OJRGyQ (V HO SULQFLSDO FXOWLYR GH OD FRVWD 6H XWLOL]D HQ OD LQGXVWULDWH[WLO OD
LQGXVWULDROHDJLQRVDDFHLWHVFRPHVWLEOHV\GHMDERQHV$GHPiVODFiVFD
UDGHVXVHPLOODVHXWLOL]DHQODSUHSDUDFLyQGHDOLPHQWRSDUDJDQDGRYD
FXQR (O DOJRGyQ SLPD VH FXOWLYD HQ HOGHSDUWDPHQWR GH 3LXUD PLHQWUDV
TXHHODOJRGyQWDQJLVVHFXOWLYDHQORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGH,FD\/LPD
3ULQFLSDOHVFXOWLYRVGHODUHJLyQDQGLQD
D 3DSD (V XQD SODQWD RULJLQDULD GHO 3HU~ HV OD EDVH GH OD HFRQRPtD \ GH OD
DOLPHQWDFLyQ GH OD SREODFLyQ DQGLQD 'H OD SDSD VH HODERUD HOFKXxRODPR
UD\D\ODSDSDVHFDTXHOHGDQJUDQUHVLVWHQFLDGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ
/RV GHSDUWDPHQWRV SURGXFWRUHV GH SDSD HQ HO 3HU~ VRQ 3XQR -XQtQ &XVFR
$SXUtPDF$\DFXFKR$UHTXLSD+XiQXFR$QFDVK/D/LEHUWDG\/LPD/DSDWDWD
R SDSDRULJLQDULDGHORVDQGHVSHUXDQRVVHFXOWLYDKR\HQODVUHJLRQHVWHP
SODGDVGHWRGRHOPXQGR6HGHVWLQDDOFRQVXPRKXPDQRGLUHFWR\DODHOD
ERUDFLyQGHODOFRKRO\DGKHVLYRV
/RVPD\RUHVSURGXFWRUHVGHSDSDDQLYHOPXQGLDOVRQ5XVLD3RORQLD
)UDQFLD$OHPDQLD(VWDGRV8QLGRV\HO5HLQR8QLGR
E 0Dt] (O PDt] WLSR GXUR R DPDULOOR VH FXOWLYD HQ OD FRVWD /LPD HV HOPD\RU
SURGXFWRU XWLOL]DGR HQ OD DOLPHQWDFLyQ GH DYHV PLHQWUDV TXH HO PDt] WLSR
EODQGRVHFXOWLYDHQODUHJLyQDQGLQDGHVWLQDGDDODDOLPHQWDFLyQHOPHMRU
PDt]EODQFRGHOPXQGRVHFXOWLYDHQHOYDOOHGH8UXEDPED&XVFR
/RV PD\RUHV SURGXFWRUHV PXQGLDOHV GH PDt] HQ HO PXQGR VRQ ((88 &KLQD
%UDVLO0p[LFR)UDQFLD\$UJHQWLQD
F 4XLQXD 6X FRQVXPR GHVGH WHPSUDQD HGDG HV FRQVLGHUDGD FRPR XQD
YDFXQDFRQWUDODGHVQXWULFLyQRXQD³LQPXQL]DFLyQFRQWUDHOKDPEUH´/RV
SULQFLSDOHVGHSDUWDPHQWRVSURGXFWRUHVVRQ3XQR\&XVFR
3ULQFLSDOHVFXOWLYRVGHODUHJLyQDPD]yQLFD
D &DIp(VXQFXOWLYRDOLPHQWLFLRHLQGXVWULDO6HKDOODGLIXQGLGRVXFXOWLYR
HQWRGDODVHOYDDOWD/RVSULQFLSDOHVGHSDUWDPHQWRVSURGXFWRUHVVRQ
-XQtQ &XVFR &DMDPDUFD +XiQXFR 6DQ 0DUWtQ $PD]RQDV \ 0DGUH GH
'LRV /RV PD\RUHV SURGXFWRUHV GH FDIp HQ HOPXQGRVRQ%UDVLO&RORPELD9H
QH]XHOD(O6DOYDGRU\*XDWHPDOD
E 7H (Q HO 3HU~ VX FXOWLYR VH KDOOD UHGXFLGR HQ ORV YDOOHV GH VHOYD DOWDGHORV
GHSDUWDPHQWRVGHO&XVFR-XQtQ\+XiQXFR/RVWUHVWLSRVEiVLFRV GH Wp
SURFHGHQ GH OD PLVPD HVSHFLH VH GLIHUHQFLDQ VyOR SRUHOWUDWDPLHQWRTXHUHFL
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
EHQ/DVKRMDVGHOWpQHJURTXHHODERUDQWRGRVORVSDtVHVSURGXFWRUHVVHVH
FDQHQSDUWH\VHH[SULPHQDQWHVGHIHUPHQWDUODV\GHVHFDUODV/DVGHWp
YHUGH VH WUDWDQ DO YDSRU VH WULWXUDQ \ VH VHFDQ /RV PD\RUHV SURGXFWRUHV
PXQGLDOHVGHWpVRQ/D,QGLD&KLQDSRSXODU,QGRQHVLD-DSyQ\3DNLVWiQ
F &RFD 6X FXOWLYR VH KDOOD GLIXQGLGR HQ WRGD OD VHOYD DOWD SXHV HV GHDOWD UHQ
WDELOLGDG SDUD ORV FDPSHVLQRV (V XQ DOFDORLGH TXH WLHQH XVRDOLPHQWLFLRHLQ
GXVWULDOIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQODLQGXVWULDIDUPDFpXWLFD/RV GHSDUWDPHQWRV SUR
GXFWRUHV GH KRMD GH FRFD VRQ +XiQXFR 6DQ0DUWtQ&XVFR\3DVFR
/DV KRMDV GH FRFD FRQWLHQHQ HO DOFDORLGH FRFDtQD \ RWURV FRPSXHVWRV SDUHFL
GRV/DFRFDtQDDLVODGDHQHPSH]yDXWLOL]DUVHFRPRDQHVWpVLFRORFDO
HQFLUXJtDPHQRU
,PSRUWDQFLD6XLPSRUWDQFLDUDGLFDSRUODVVLJXLHQWHVUD]RQHV
D $ HVWDDFWLYLGDGVHGHGLFDXQDJUDQSDUWHGHODSREODFLyQHFRQyPL
FDPHQWH DFWLYD GHO 3HU~ HO DXQTXH HVWH SRUFHQWDMH KDVXIULGR XQD JUDQ
GLVPLQXFLyQ SRU HO DEDQGRQR GHO FDPSR SUREOHPDVGHSREUH]DH[WUHPDVHTX
tD\WHUURULVPR
E 3RUTXH HVWD DFWLYLGDG SURGXFH OD PD\RU FDQWLGDG GH DOLPHQWRV TXH VH FRQVX
PHQHQ HOSDtVDXQTXH QRVHOOHJDD VDWLVIDFHUODGHPDQGDGHODFUHFLHQWHSR
EODFLyQ
F (VIXHQWHGHGLYLVDVGHELGRDODH[SRUWDFLyQGHORVSULQFLSDOHVSURGXFWRV
FRPRHODOJRGyQFDxDGHD]~FDUFDIpHWF
*$1$'(5Ì$
/DJDQDGHUtDHVXQDGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVPiVDQWLJXDVGHOKRPEUHTXHFRQ
VLVWH HQ OD FUtD VHOHFFLyQ \ UHSURGXFFLyQ GH DOJXQDV HVSHFLHV GHDQLPDOHV
FRPR YDFXQRV RYLQRV FDSULQRV HWF FRQ HO REMHWR GH DSURYHFKDUVXVSURGXFWRV\
GHULYDGRVHQODDOLPHQWDFLyQ\HQODVDFWLYLGDGHVDUWHVDQDOHV
H LQGXVWULDOHV
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
7LSRV
*$1$'(5Ì$(;7(16,9$235,0,7,9$ *$1$'(5Ì$,17(16,9$2$9$1=$'$
• &RQIRUPDGDSRUHVSHFLHVGHEDMDFDOL • &RQIRUPDGDSRUHVSHFLHVVHOHFFLRQDGDV
GDGJHQpWLFDPXFKDVGHODVFXDOHV FX\DSURGXFFLyQ\PHMRUDPLHQWRJHQpWL
KDQ GHJHQHUDGRHQHVSHFLPHQHVFR FRVHUHDOL]DSRULQVHPLQDFLyQDUWLILFLDO
QRFLGRVFRPR&ULROORV • 6HFDUDFWHUL]D
• 6HFDUDFWHUL]D • 3RUVXODWRUHQGLPLHQWRHFRQyPLFR\HOH
• 3RUVXEDMDSURGXFFLyQR UHQGLPLHQWRHQ YDGDSURGXFWLYLGDGHQFDUQHOHFKHJUD
FDUQHOHFKHRODQD VDVFXHURVRODQDV
• 3RUTXHVHFUtDQDFDPSRDELHUWRRHQ • 6HFUtDQHQHVSDFLRVUHGXFLGRVOODPD
JUDQGHViUHDV GRVHVWDEORVRJUDQMDV
• 6HDOLPHQWDQHQEDVHDSDVWRVQDWXUDOHV • 6HDOLPHQWDQGHIRUUDMHVGHFXOWLYRVRFRQ
HQODVSXQDVGHODVLHUUD\HQODVORPDV DOLPHQWRVEDODQFHDGRV
GHODFRVWD • (QVXFULDQ]DHVLPSUHVFLQGLEOHODRULHQ
• &DUHFHQGHXQDDGHFXDGDRULHQWDFLyQ WDFLyQWpFQLFD\FLHQWtILFDDFDUJRGHSHU
WpFQLFD\FLHQWtILFD VRQDORSURIHVLRQDOHVSHFLDOL]DGRDSDUWH
• 3UHGRPLQDHQODUHJLyQDQGLQD\HQOD GHODIXHUWHLQYHUVLyQGHFDSLWDO
VHOYDEDMD • 3UHGRPLQDHQOD&RVWD\HQDOJXQRVFHQ
WURVJDQDGHURVGHODUHJLyQDQGLQD\
VHOYiWLFD
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODJDQDGHUtDGHODFRVWD
• 6HGHVDUUROODPD\RUPHQWHODJDQDGHUtDLQWHQVLYDRDYDQ]DGDGHV
WDFDQGRODGHYDFXQRVGHODVUD]DV+ROVWHLQ\%URZQ6ZLVVRSDUGR
VXL]RGHDOWDSURGXFFLyQHQFDUQH\OHFKHHQFXDQWRDSRUFLQRVGHVWDFD OD
FULDQ]D PDVLYD GH ODV UD]DV <RUNVKLUH GXURFMHUVH\ ODQGUDVVH \ HO
KDPSVKLUH
• (QHOiUHDJDQDGHUDGHO6XUIRUPDGDSRUODVORPDVGH$UHTXLSD\0R
TXHJXDSURGXFWRGHDEXQGDQWHVOOXYLDVWHPSRUDOHVTXHKDFHQFUHFHU
KLHUEDVIRUUDMHUDVGHYDULDVFODVHVVHLQYHUQDJDQDGRRYLQRYDFXQRFULR
OORFDSULQR\RWUDV
• (QORVERVTXHFLOORVGHDOJDUURERV\KXDUDQJRVHQWUH/DPED\HTXH3LXUD
\ 7XPEHVVHFUtDQFDEDOORVPXODVFDEUDVHWF
• (QODVKDFLHQGDVPHGLDQD\SHTXHxDSURSLHGDGGHORVYDOOHVFRVWH
xRVVHFUtDJDQDGRYDFXQRRYLQR\RWURVGHVWLQDGRVDOFRQVXPRGHOHFKH\
FDUQHGHODVFLXGDGHV\SDUDHODXWRFRQVXPR
• /DDYLFXOWXUDRFULDQ]DGHSROORV\JDOOLQDVGHVWDFDSRUVXHQRUPHLPSRU
WDQFLDGHVXFRQVXPRHQVXV~OWLPRVWLHPSRV
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODJDQDGHUtDHQODVLHUUD
• 6HSUDFWLFDPD\RUPHQWHODJDQDGHUtDH[WHQVLYDRWUDGLFLRQDOHQEDVH
• D JDQDGR RYLQR YDFXQR FDSULQR \ DXTXpQLGRV TXH VH DOLPHQWDQ GHOLFKX
HQODVDOWDVPHVHWDVDQGLQDVRiUHDVJDQDGHUDV
• /D FULDQ]D GH DXTXpQLGRV HQ ODV DOWDV SXQDV WLHQH RULHQWDFLyQ WpFQLFDSDUD
PHMRUDUODSURGXFFLyQGHFDUQH\ODQD
• 6HGHEHFRQVLGHUDUHOSURJUHVLYRFDPELRGHODFUtDDUWHVDQDODODHP
SUHVDULDOGHOFX\WDQWRHQODVLHUUDFRPRHQODFRVWD
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODJDQDGHUtDHQODVHOYD
• *HRJUiILFDPHQWHVHDSURYHFKDORVVXHORV\FOLPDWURSLFDOGHODVHOYDDOWD
• (QIRUPDLQWHQVLYDVHFUtDHOJDQDGRYDFXQRFHE~GHOTXHVHDSURYH
FKD FDUQH OHFKH FXHURV HWFSDUD HO FRQVXPR GH HVD UHJLyQ6H HVWi PH
MRUDQGR VX FDOLGDG \ SURGXFWLYLGDG PHGLDQWH HO FUXFH FRQ OD UD]D %URZQ
6ZLVV
*DQDGRYDFXQR
D (QODFRVWDHVWiFRQIRUPDGDSRUUD]DVVHOHFFLRQDGDV+ROVWHLQ\%URZQ
6ZLVVGHDOWDFDOLGDGJHQpWLFD\SURGXFWLYLGDGHQOHFKH\FDUQH
E (QODUHJLyQDQGLQD DH[FHSFLyQGHORVYDOOHVGH&DMDPDUFD\$UHTXLSD
VHFUtDJDQDGRYDFXQRFULROORHVGHFLUGHEDMDFDOLGDGJHQpWLFD\SRFRV
SURGXFWLYRV
F (QODUHJLyQDPD]yQLFDVHFUtDQODVHVSHFLHVGH&HE~\$PD]RQDVFUXFHGHO
FHE~GHODUD]D1HOORUH\%URZQ6ZLVVTXHWLHQHQJUDQSURGXFWLYLGDGGHFDU
QH\OHFKH
5D]D%UDKPDQ/D%UDKPDQHVXQDVHULHGHUD]DVFULDGDVGHIRUPDVHOHFWLYD
SDUD OD SURGXFFLyQ GH FDUQH GH DOWD FDOLGDG )XH GRPHVWLFDGD LQLFLDOPHQWH HQ
,QGLDDODYH]TXHRWUDVUD]DVHQ(XURSDKDFHXQRDxRV/RVGDWRVKLVWyUL
FRVUHYHODQTXHHVWDVYDFDVVHFULDEDQSRUVXOHFKHSDUDVDFULILFLRVUHOLJLRVRV\
SDUDHOGHSRUWH
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
5$=$6'(67,1$'$6$/$352'8&&,Ð1'(&$51(
6KRUWRQ 2ULJLQDULDGH*UDQ%UHWDxD
'HULYDFLyQGHO6KRUWRQHVHOPiVDOWRSHURPHQRV
6KRUWRQDFRUQH
FDUQRVR
*DOORZD\ 2ULJLQDULRGH(VFRFLDHVGHSLHOPX\JUXHVD
%UDKPDQR 2ULJLQDULRGHOD,QGLDWLHQHSLHOH[FHVLYDHQODJDUJDQ
&HE~ WD\SDSDGDVXFRORUHVJULVURMR
'HUHJLyQIUDQFpVWLHQHPXVFXODWXUDYROXPLQRVDVREUH
&KDURODLV
WRGRHQHOORPR
6DQWD
&UXFHGHOJDQDGR6KRUWRQ\%UDKPDQ
*HUWUXGLV
5$=$6'('2%/($37,78'
6KRUWRQ
'HRULJHQLQJOpVGHVWLQDGDSDUDFDUQH\OHFKH
/HFKHUD
3DUGDVXL]D 'HRULJHQVXL]R\PX\YROXPLQRVD
5$=$6'(67,1$'$6$/$352'8&&,Ð1'(/(&+(
'HRULJHQKRODQGpVHVODPiVSHVDGDGHODV
+ROVWHLQ)ULHVLDQ
OHFKHUDV
-HUVH\ 3URGXFHOHFKHFRQDOWRFRQWHQLGRGHJUDVD
*XHUQVH\ 7DPDxRPHGLDQR\FRQPDQFKDVEODQFDV
*DQDGRGHJUDQWDPDxR\GHEXHQD
%URZQ6ZLVV
SURGXFFLyQOHFKHUD
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
,1'8675,$
(VODDFWLYLGDGGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHORVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVFRQYLHUWHORVUHFXU
VRV TXH RIUHFH OD QDWXUDOH]D HQ PDWHULD SULPD R SURGXFWRV HODERUDGRV6DWLVIDFH
ODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHDOLPHQWDFLyQYHVWLGR YLYLHQGD KHUUDPLHQWDVPDTXLQDULDVGH
QXHVWUDSREODFLyQ
7LSRV
D ,QGXVWULD GH HTXLSR R LQGXVWULD SHVDGD 3URYHH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV \FRQGLFLR
QHVSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHODLQGXVWULDOLJHUD\GHODVDFWLYLGDGHV
HFRQyPLFDV$HVWHWLSRSHUWHQHFHQODLQGXVWULDVLGHU~UJLFDLQGXVWULD
TXtPLFDSHVDGDIDEULFDFLyQGHPDTXLQDVKHUUDPLHQWDVHWF
E ,QGXVWULD/LJHUD3URGXFHELHQHVGHXVR\GHFRQVXPRHMHPSOREHELGDV
(V OD TXH SUHGRPLQD HQ HO 3HU~ D SHVDU GH FRQWDU FRQ ODVPDWHULDVSULPDV
SDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHODLQGXVWULDSHVDGD
3ULQFLSDOHVLQGXVWULDVGHO3HU~
D ,QGXVWULD6LGHU~UJLFD3DUDSURGXFLUHODFHURHQEDVHDOKLHUURFDOL]D\
KXOODGDOLJDUDODLQGXVWULDPHWDOPHFiQLFD\ODIDEULFDFLyQGHGLYHUVDVPDTXL
QDV
E ,QGXVWULD PHWDO PHFiQLFD 3DUD IDEULFDU KHUUDPLHQWDV LPSOHPHQWRVGRPpVWL
FRV PDTXLQDV SHTXHxDV \ PHGLDQDV SDUD OD DJULFXOWXUDPLQHUtDFRQV
WUXFFLyQKDVWDORVFRPSOHMRVHTXLSRVGHWUDQVSRUWH\PDTXLQDULDSDUDODLQ
GXVWULD
F ,QGXVWULDWH[WLO(VODTXHPD\RUGHVDUUROORKDDOFDQ]DGR(QEDVHDODOJRGyQ
ILEUDVVLQWpWLFDVODQD\VHKDFHGLYHUVDFDOLGDGGHWHODVWHMLGRV KLORV FRU
GHOHV FLQWDV /D SURGXFFLyQ QDFLRQDO FXEUH ODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHOSDtV
'HVWDFDQ/LPDPHWURSROLWDQD$UHTXLSD\&XVFR
G ,QGXVWULD GH SURGXFFLyQ TXtPLFD 3DUD SURGXFLU SURGXFWRV TXtPLFRV EiVLFRV
ILEUDVWH[WLOHVVLQWpWLFDVSOiVWLFRVSLQWXUDVSURGXFWRVIDUPDFpXWLFRVMD
ERQHVGHWHUJHQWHVHWF
H ,QGXVWULDGHEHELGDV*DVHRVDVILGHRVJDOOHWDVSDQLILFDFLyQHQJHQHUDO
OiFWHDVGHHODERUDFLyQGHD]~FDU
I ,QGXVWULD GH PDWHULDOHV GH FRQVWUXFFLyQ FRPR FHPHQWR \HVR YLGULR
PiUPROHVORVHWDVODGULOORVWHMDVHWHUQLW
- -
81,9(56,'$'1$&,21$/'(/$/7,3/$123812 GEOGRAFÍA
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODLQGXVWULDQDFLRQDO
D 6H SURGXFH IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH PDWHULDV SULPDV SDUD H[SRUWDUODV HMHPSOR /D
PHWDOXUJLD
E (VWDDOWDPHQWHFRQFHQWUDGDHQ/LPD\&DOODRSRUTXHDOOtHVWDODFXDUWD
SDUWHGHSREODFLyQSHUXDQD\SRUTXHRIUHFHQPD\RUIDFLOLGDGSDUDOD
LPSRUWDFLyQGHLQVXPRVH[WUDQMHURVPD\RUGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHLQIUDHVWUXFWX
UDPD\RUPDQRGHREUDHVSHFLDOL]DGD\FHQWUDOL]DFLyQGHODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQILVFDO
\ FUHGLWLFLD
F 'HVWDFDQ HO VHFWRU PDQXIDFWXUHUR HQ OR UHIHUHQWH D DOLPHQWRV \EHELGDV
OHFKHHYDSRUDGDILGHRVKDULQDFHUYH]DLQVXPRV\ELHQHVLQWHUPHGLRVFRPR
FHPHQWRSLQWXUDHWFODLQGXVWULDWH[WLO\GHFRQIHFFLRQHV
G (Q OR DJURSHFXDULR DUUR] SDSD D]~FDU DOJRGyQ DMR FHEROOD HWF H (Q OD
PLQHUtDODH[WUDFFLyQGHFREUH]LQFSORPRHVWDxR
I 6HHQIUHQWDXQDFULVLVSRUIDOWDGHLQYHUVLRQLVWDVQDFLRQDOHV\H[WUDQMH
URV TXH GD OXJDU D DO GLVPLQXFLyQ GHO SRGHU DGTXLVLWLYRGHVRFXSDFLyQ
FLHUUHGHIDEULFDV
- -