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a) � ′ = cos(� + �) ; �(0) = 𝜋
Solución:
2
ℎ 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
Recordemos: ���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + ∗ �′(��� , ��� ) ; �′(� �� , ��� ) =
2! 𝑑�
(��� , ��� ) + (��� , ��� ) ∗ �(��� , ��� )
𝑑�
Formula Recursiva:
���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ
ℎ2
���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ ∗ cos(�𝑛 + ��� ) + ∗ [−���(�𝑛 + ��� ) − ���(�𝑛 + ��� ) ∗ cos(�𝑛
2!
+ ��� )]
b) � ′ = �� − � 2 ; �(0) = −1
Solución:
𝑑 𝑑
� (�, �) = �� − � 2 ; �0 = 0 ; 𝑑
(�� − � 2 ) 𝑑
(�� − � 2 ) = � − 2�
�0 = 1 → � = �; �
Formula Recursiva:
���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ
ℎ2 2
���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ ∗ (�𝑛 ∗ �
2 −� +
𝑛 𝑛 ∗ [�𝑛 + (�𝑛 − 2��� ) ∗ (�𝑛 ∗ �𝑛 − �𝑛 )]
2!
2. Use los métodos de Taylor de orden 2 con h=0.25 para aproximar la solución al problema
de valor inicial en x=1, compare estas aproximaciones con la solución verdadera
a) � ′ = � + 1 − � ; �(0) = 1 ; solución exacta � = � + � −�
1−0
Solución: x=t; � =0.25 =4
0 . 25
2 0 . 25
� = + 0.25 ∗ +1−� )+ ∗ +� )
�1 = �0 + 0.25 ∗ (�0 + 1 − ∗ (−�0 + �0 ) � 2 (� 1 (−� 1 1 1
1
2!
�0 ) + 2! 2
0. 0 . 25
�1 = 1 + 0.25 ∗ (0 + 1 − 1) 252 �1 = 1.03125 + 0.25 ∗ (0.25 + 1 −
1.03125) +
+ ∗ (−0 + 2!
1) ∗ (−0.25 +
2
! 1.03125)
�1 = 1.03125
�1 = 1.1104
Comparan
do
i ti wi y=x+e^-x
yi
0 0 1 1
x0= 1 0.25 1.03125 1.0288 0
y0= 2 0.5 1.11035156 1.1065 1
xn= 3 0.75 1.22683716 1.223 1
h= 4 0.25
1 1.37252903 1.3679
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
Recordemos:
𝑑�
�′(�, �) = (�, �) +
(�, �) ∗ 𝑑𝑡 𝑑 𝑑
� 𝑡 ℎ
2
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ (1 − ��� ) + ∗ (−1 +
2!
��� )
�1 = �0 + ∗ (−1 + �0 )
2!
Cuando i=0: 0.25 ∗ (1 −
�0 ) + 2
0.25
2
Cuando i=1,2,3,4: �2 = �1 + !
0.25 ∗ (1 − �1 ) 2
0.25 0.25
+ ∗ (−1 + �1 ) 2
�0 =
�0 2
�𝑖 − �𝑖 2 �𝑖 3 + 3
ℎ
� 3
� 5
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ [ 𝑖− ( ) ] + ∗ ( 𝑖 6 )
�𝑖 �𝑖 2! �𝑖
Cuando i=0:
2
�0 ℎ − �0 2 �0 3 + 3�0 5
� 3
�1 = �0 + ℎ ∗0[ − ( ) ] + ∗ ( 6 )
�0 �0 2! �
0
23
1 1 0.1 −12 (1)3 + 3(1)5
�1 = 1 + 0.1 ∗ [ − ( ) ] + ∗( )
1 1 2! 16
�1 = 1.01
Cuando i=1:
2
�1 ℎ − �1 2 �1 3 + 3�1 5
� 3
�2 = �1 + ℎ ∗1[ − ( ) ] + ∗ ( 6 )
�1 �1 2! �
1
3 2
1.01 1.01 0.1 −1.12 (1.01)3 + 3(1.01)5
�2 = 1.01 + 0.1 ∗ [ − ( ) ] + ∗( )
1.1 1.1 2! 1.16
�2 = 1.01199
x0= 1
i ti y0= 1 wi
0 xn= 1.2 1
h= 0.1
1 1.1 1.01
2 1.2 1.01199
b) � ′ = 𝑐��� + � −� ; 0 ≤ � ≤ 1 ; �(0) = 0 ; 𝑐�� ℎ = 0.5
1− 0
Solución: � = = 2 ; 𝑖 = 0,1,2 ; � Cuando i=0:
=� 0.5 ℎ � ��0 ��
�1 = �0 + ℎ ∗ (�����0 2 ∗ (− � (� ) + 1
�0 = �0 0
)
+ � −��0 ) + 2! �
��
2
ℎ 0
ℎ � ��1 ��
�2 = �1 + ℎ ∗ (�����1 2 ∗ (− � (� ) + 1
1
+ � −��1 ) + )
2! �
��
1
−𝑡
Así que: �(�, �) = 𝑐��� + � → �
0.52
′(�, �) ∶ �2 = 0.875 + 0.5 ∗ (����0.5 +
2!
𝑡 � ��� ( � ) + 1 � −0.5 ) +
� ′ (�, �) = − +0∗ � 0.5 �� � (0 .
( 𝑐��� + � −�� ) 5) + 1
� ∗ (− )
𝑡 � 0.5
�2 = 1.48131
�𝑡
���(�)
+1 i ti wi
�′(�, �) = −
�𝑡
0 0 0
1 0.5 0.875
Por lo tanto: 2 1 1.48131
�0 = �0
��𝑖
2 � ��� ( �𝑖 ) + 1
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ (𝑐���𝑖 + ℎ ∗ (− )
2! � ��𝑖
� −��𝑖 ) +
�0 = �0
2
ℎ
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + ∗ �′(��� , ��� )
2!
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓 𝑑�
Recordemos: �′(�, �)𝑑𝑡= (�, �
𝑑�
)+ (�,
𝑑𝑡
�) ∗
Así que: �(�, �) = 1 + �𝑐��(��) → �′(�, �) ∶
𝛼
�0 = �0
ℎ2
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ (1 + ��� 𝑐�� (��� ��� )) + ∗ 𝛼𝑖
2!
Cuando i=0:
Cuando i=1:
ℎ2 ℎ2
�1 = �0 + ℎ ∗ (1 + �0 𝑐��(�0 �0 )) + ∗ �2 = �1 + ℎ ∗ (1 + �1 𝑐�� (�1 �1 )) + ∗ ��1
2!
𝛼0
2!
2
0.1 �2 = 0.105 + 0.1 ∗ (1 + 0.1𝑐��(0.1 ∗ 0.105))
�1 = 0 + 0.1 ∗ (1 + 0𝑐��(0 ∗ 0)) + ∗1
2! 0.12
+ ∗ (0.9996)
�1 = 0.105 2!
�2 = 0.21999
n ti wi
0 0 0
1 x0= 0 0.1 0.105
2 y0= 0 0.2 0.2199992
3 xn= 2 0.3 0.34497588
4 h= 0.1 0.4 0.47979551
5 0.5 0.6239988
6 0.6 0.77643092
7 0.7 0.93469995
8 0.8 1.09453923
9 0.9 1.24933721
10 1 1.39035153
11 1.1 1.50815828
12 1.2 1.59521104
13 1.3 1.6481457
14 1.4 1.66818985
15 1.5 1.65959776
16 1.6 1.62754471
17 1.7 1.57669289
18 1.8 1.51065462
19 1.9 1.43207961
20 2 1.34311006
�0 = �0
2
ℎ
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + ∗ �′(��� , ��� )
2!
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓 𝑑�
Recordemos: �′(�, �) = 𝑑𝑡
(�, �) +
𝑑�
(�, �)
𝑑𝑡
∗
Así que: �(�, �) = � + 2�� ��+�� 2 → �′(�, �) ∶
2��� � �� 𝑖 )+ + 4�𝑖
���
2! (2� 4� �� � 𝑡
� +���� 2
�� +��𝑖
2
� ���� +
��𝑖
Cuando i=0:
2
2 ℎ
�1 = � 0 + ℎ ∗ (�0 + ∗ +
2
+ �0 )
2
�1 = 0.0001
Cuando i=1:
2
2 ℎ
�2 = � 1 + ℎ ∗ (�1 + ∗ +
2
+ �1 )
2