Está en la página 1de 11

ACTIVIDAD 14(Alumno: Sacre Moreno Ronald)

1. Determine las fórmulas recursivas del método de Taylor de orden 2 para:

a) � ′ = cos(� + �) ; �(0) = 𝜋

Solución:
2
ℎ 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
Recordemos: ���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + ∗ �′(��� , ��� ) ; �′(� �� , ��� ) =
2! 𝑑�
(��� , ��� ) + (��� , ��� ) ∗ �(��� , ��� )
𝑑�

� (�, �) = cos(� + �) ; �0 = 0 ; �0𝑑= 𝜋 → 𝑑


(cos(� + �)) = −��� ( � + � ); (cos(� +
𝑑� 𝑑�
�)) = −���(� + �)

Formula Recursiva:
���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ
ℎ2
���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ ∗ cos(�𝑛 + ��� ) + ∗ [−���(�𝑛 + ��� ) − ���(�𝑛 + ��� ) ∗ cos(�𝑛
2!
+ ��� )]

b) � ′ = �� − � 2 ; �(0) = −1
Solución:
𝑑 𝑑
� (�, �) = �� − � 2 ; �0 = 0 ; 𝑑
(�� − � 2 ) 𝑑
(�� − � 2 ) = � − 2�
�0 = 1 → � = �; �

Formula Recursiva:
���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ

ℎ2 2
���+1 = �𝑛 + ℎ ∗ (�𝑛 ∗ �
2 −� +
𝑛 𝑛 ∗ [�𝑛 + (�𝑛 − 2��� ) ∗ (�𝑛 ∗ �𝑛 − �𝑛 )]
2!

2. Use los métodos de Taylor de orden 2 con h=0.25 para aproximar la solución al problema
de valor inicial en x=1, compare estas aproximaciones con la solución verdadera
a) � ′ = � + 1 − � ; �(0) = 1 ; solución exacta � = � + � −�
1−0
Solución: x=t; � =0.25 =4

Esquema iterativo: Así que: �(�, �) = � + 1 − � → �′(�,


�) ∶
�0 = �0
�′(�, �) = 1 + (−1)(� + 1 − �)
2

���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + ∗ �′ �′(�, �) = −� + �
2!
(��� , ��� )
Por lo tanto:
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
𝑑� �′(�, � ) =
Recordemos: (�, �) + � =�
(�, �) ∗
𝑑𝑡 𝑑� 𝑑�� 0 0
2

���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ (�𝑖 + 1 − ��� ) + ∗
2!
(−�𝑖 + ��� )

Cuando Cuando i=1,2,3,4:


i=0: 2

0 . 25
2 0 . 25
� = + 0.25 ∗ +1−� )+ ∗ +� )
�1 = �0 + 0.25 ∗ (�0 + 1 − ∗ (−�0 + �0 ) � 2 (� 1 (−� 1 1 1
1
2!
�0 ) + 2! 2
0. 0 . 25
�1 = 1 + 0.25 ∗ (0 + 1 − 1) 252 �1 = 1.03125 + 0.25 ∗ (0.25 + 1 −
1.03125) +
+ ∗ (−0 + 2!
1) ∗ (−0.25 +
2
! 1.03125)
�1 = 1.03125
�1 = 1.1104
Comparan
do
i ti wi y=x+e^-x
yi
0 0 1 1
x0= 1 0.25 1.03125 1.0288 0
y0= 2 0.5 1.11035156 1.1065 1
xn= 3 0.75 1.22683716 1.223 1
h= 4 0.25
1 1.37252903 1.3679

b) � ′ = 1 − � ; �(0) = 0 ; solución exacta � = 1 − � −�


1−0
Solución: x=t; � =0.25 =4
Así que: � (�, � ) = 1 − � → �′(�, �) ∶
Esquema iterativo
�′(�, �) = 0 + (−1) ∗ (1 − �)
�0 = �0
�′(�, �) = −1 + �

2 Por lo tanto:
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + ∗
2! �0 = �0
�′(��� , ��� )

𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
Recordemos:
𝑑�
�′(�, �) = (�, �) +
(�, �) ∗ 𝑑𝑡 𝑑 𝑑
� 𝑡 ℎ
2
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ (1 − ��� ) + ∗ (−1 +
2!
��� )

�1 = �0 + ∗ (−1 + �0 )
2!
Cuando i=0: 0.25 ∗ (1 −
�0 ) + 2
0.25
2
Cuando i=1,2,3,4: �2 = �1 + !
0.25 ∗ (1 − �1 ) 2
0.25 0.25
+ ∗ (−1 + �1 ) 2

�2 = 0.21875 + 0.25 ∗ (1 − ∗ (−1


0.25 2!
�1 = 0 + 0.25 ∗ (1 − 0) 2 0.21875) +
+ ∗ (−1 + +
0)
2 0.21875)
�1 =0.21875 !
�2 =0.389648
Comparando
y=1-e^-x
i ti wi yi
x0=
0 0 0 0
y0=
1 0.25 0.21875 0.2212
xn=
2 0.5 0.38964844 0.3935
h= 0.25
3 0.75 0.52316284 0.5276
4 1 0.62747097 0.6321
3. Aplique el método de Taylor de orden dos y cuatro para aproximar la solución de
los siguientes problemas de valor inicial.
� 3
a)

�′ = − ( ; 1 ≤ � ≤ 1.2 ; �(1) = 1 ; 𝑐�� ℎ = 0.1
) � �
1. 2− 1
Solución: � = = 2 ; 𝑖 = 0,1,2 ; � � 3
=� Así

que: �(�, �) = − → �′(�, �) ∶
0.1
( )
𝑡 𝑡
�0 = �0
2
2 ′
−� 2 � + � − � �
ℎ � 3 3� 2 3
(��,�) 3� + ∗( −( ) )
3
= 4
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + � � � �
∗ �′(��� , ��� ) −� 2 � 3 +
2! �′(�,
3� 5
�) =

6
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
Recordemos:
𝑑�
�′(�, �) = (�, �) + Por lo tanto:
(�, �) ∗ 𝑑𝑡 𝑑� 𝑑𝑡

�0 =
�0 2
�𝑖 − �𝑖 2 �𝑖 3 + 3

� 3
� 5
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ [ 𝑖− ( ) ] + ∗ ( 𝑖 6 )
�𝑖 �𝑖 2! �𝑖

Cuando i=0:
2
�0 ℎ − �0 2 �0 3 + 3�0 5
� 3

�1 = �0 + ℎ ∗0[ − ( ) ] + ∗ ( 6 )
�0 �0 2! �
0
23
1 1 0.1 −12 (1)3 + 3(1)5
�1 = 1 + 0.1 ∗ [ − ( ) ] + ∗( )
1 1 2! 16
�1 = 1.01

Cuando i=1:
2
�1 ℎ − �1 2 �1 3 + 3�1 5
� 3

�2 = �1 + ℎ ∗1[ − ( ) ] + ∗ ( 6 )
�1 �1 2! �
1
3 2
1.01 1.01 0.1 −1.12 (1.01)3 + 3(1.01)5
�2 = 1.01 + 0.1 ∗ [ − ( ) ] + ∗( )
1.1 1.1 2! 1.16
�2 = 1.01199

x0= 1
i ti y0= 1 wi
0 xn= 1.2 1
h= 0.1
1 1.1 1.01
2 1.2 1.01199
b) � ′ = 𝑐��� + � −� ; 0 ≤ � ≤ 1 ; �(0) = 0 ; 𝑐�� ℎ = 0.5
1− 0
Solución: � = = 2 ; 𝑖 = 0,1,2 ; � Cuando i=0:
=� 0.5 ℎ � ��0 ��
�1 = �0 + ℎ ∗ (�����0 2 ∗ (− � (� ) + 1
�0 = �0 0
)
+ � −��0 ) + 2! �
��
2
ℎ 0

���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + 0.5 �)


∗ �′(��� , ��� ) �
��=�
0+ ) +∗ (����0
(00.5 1 + � −0 ) + ∗ (−
2! 1
2! �0
�1 = 0.875
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓
Recordemos:
𝑑�
�′(�, �) = (�, �) + Cuando i=1:
(�, �) ∗ 𝑑𝑡 𝑑� 𝑑𝑡

ℎ � ��1 ��
�2 = �1 + ℎ ∗ (�����1 2 ∗ (− � (� ) + 1
1
+ � −��1 ) + )
2! �
��
1
−𝑡
Así que: �(�, �) = 𝑐��� + � → �
0.52
′(�, �) ∶ �2 = 0.875 + 0.5 ∗ (����0.5 +
2!
𝑡 � ��� ( � ) + 1 � −0.5 ) +
� ′ (�, �) = − +0∗ � 0.5 �� � (0 .
( 𝑐��� + � −�� ) 5) + 1
� ∗ (− )
𝑡 � 0.5
�2 = 1.48131
�𝑡
���(�)
+1 i ti wi
�′(�, �) = −
�𝑡
0 0 0
1 0.5 0.875
Por lo tanto: 2 1 1.48131
�0 = �0
��𝑖
2 � ��� ( �𝑖 ) + 1
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ (𝑐���𝑖 + ℎ ∗ (− )
2! � ��𝑖
� −��𝑖 ) +

4. Utilice el método de Taylor de orden 2 con h = 0.1 para aproximar la solución de


� ′ = 1 + �𝑐�� (��); 0 ≤ � ≤ 2 ; �(0) = 0
2− 0
Solución: � =0.1 = 20 ; 𝑖 = 0,1,2,3 … 20 ; � = �

�0 = �0
2

���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + ∗ �′(��� , ��� )
2!
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓 𝑑�
Recordemos: �′(�, �)𝑑𝑡= (�, �
𝑑�
)+ (�,
𝑑𝑡
�) ∗
Así que: �(�, �) = 1 + �𝑐��(��) → �′(�, �) ∶

� ′ (�, �) = cos(��) − �����(��) + (−� 2 ���(��)) ∗ (1 + �𝑐��(��)

𝛼
�0 = �0
ℎ2
���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ (1 + ��� 𝑐�� (��� ��� )) + ∗ 𝛼𝑖
2!
Cuando i=0:
Cuando i=1:
ℎ2 ℎ2
�1 = �0 + ℎ ∗ (1 + �0 𝑐��(�0 �0 )) + ∗ �2 = �1 + ℎ ∗ (1 + �1 𝑐�� (�1 �1 )) + ∗ ��1
2!
𝛼0
2!
2
0.1 �2 = 0.105 + 0.1 ∗ (1 + 0.1𝑐��(0.1 ∗ 0.105))
�1 = 0 + 0.1 ∗ (1 + 0𝑐��(0 ∗ 0)) + ∗1
2! 0.12
+ ∗ (0.9996)
�1 = 0.105 2!
�2 = 0.21999

n ti wi
0 0 0
1 x0= 0 0.1 0.105
2 y0= 0 0.2 0.2199992
3 xn= 2 0.3 0.34497588
4 h= 0.1 0.4 0.47979551
5 0.5 0.6239988
6 0.6 0.77643092
7 0.7 0.93469995
8 0.8 1.09453923
9 0.9 1.24933721
10 1 1.39035153
11 1.1 1.50815828
12 1.2 1.59521104
13 1.3 1.6481457
14 1.4 1.66818985
15 1.5 1.65959776
16 1.6 1.62754471
17 1.7 1.57669289
18 1.8 1.51065462
19 1.9 1.43207961
20 2 1.34311006

5. Dado el problema de valor inicial+


� ′ = � + 2�� �+� 2 ; �(0) = 0 ; 0 ≤ � ≤ 1

con la solución exacta � = � �+� 2 − � �


a) Aplique el método de Taylor de orden dos con h=0.01 para aproximar la solución y compárela
con los valores reales de y.
1− 0
Solución: � =0.01 = 100 ; 𝑖 = 0,1,2,3 … 100 ; � = �

�0 = �0
2

���+1 = �𝑖 + ℎ ∗ �(��� , ��� ) + ∗ �′(��� , ��� )
2!
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓 𝑑�
Recordemos: �′(�, �) = 𝑑𝑡
(�, �) +
𝑑�
(�, �)
𝑑𝑡

Así que: �(�, �) = � + 2�� ��+�� 2 → �′(�, �) ∶

�′(�, � ) = 2� ��+�� 2 + 2�� ��+�� 2 + 4� 2 � ��+�� 2 + 1 ∗ (� + 2�� ��+�� 2 )

�′(�, �) = 2� ��+�� 2 + 4�� ��+�� 2 + 4� 2 � ��+�� 2 + �


�0 = �0
2
2 ℎ
���+1 =��
�𝑖 ++��
ℎ ∗ (�𝑖 + ∗ + + ��� )
2 2

2��� � �� 𝑖 )+ + 4�𝑖
���
2! (2� 4� �� � 𝑡
� +���� 2
�� +��𝑖
2
� ���� +
��𝑖

Cuando i=0:
2
2 ℎ
�1 = � 0 + ℎ ∗ (�0 + ∗ +
2
+ �0 )
2

2�0 � ��0 +��0 ) + ��0 + ��0


+
2! (2� 4�0 �
��0
2 +��0
4�0 2 � ��0
+��0
2
2
0+0 0.01 2 2 2
�1 = 0 + 0.01 ∗ (0 + 2(0)� ) ∗ + + + 0)
2! (2� 0+0
+ 4(0)� 0+0 4(0)2 � 0+0

�1 = 0.0001
Cuando i=1:
2
2 ℎ
�2 = � 1 + ℎ ∗ (�1 + ∗ +
2
+ �1 )
2

2�1 � ��1 +��1 ) + ��1 + +


2! (2� 4�1 � 𝑡1 +�
��1
2 �1 4�1 2 � ��1
+��1
2
2
0.01+0.01 0.01
�2 = 0.0001 + 0.01 ∗ (0.0001 + 2(0.01)� )
2!
+
2 2 2
∗ (2� 0.01+0.01 + 4(0.01)� 0.01+0.01 + 4(0.01)2 � 0.01+0.01 + 0.0001)
n ti wi
�2 = 0.000406
0 0 0
1 0.01 0.0001
Cuando i=2,3,4…100:
2 0.02 0.0004061
3 0.03 0.0009246 x0=
4 0.04 0.0016623 y0=
5 0.05 0.0026259 xn=
6 0.06 0.0038226 h=
7 0.07 0.00526
8 0.08 0.0069456 b) Use las respuestas obtenidas en el inciso a) para aproximar y
9 0.09 0.0088877 en los siguientes valores y compárelos con los valores reales de y.
10 0.1 0.0110945
b) y=e^(x+x^2)-e^x Com
11 0.11 0.0135747
i) y(0.66) 1.056184397 n=6
12 0.12 0.0163375
ii) y(0.82) 2.1772575 n=8
13 0.13 0.019392
iii) y(0.94) 3.634135764 n=9
14 0.14 0.0227482
15 0.15 0.0264161
16 0.16 0.0304062
n ti wi
66 0.66
82 0.82
94 0.94
17 0.17 0.0347295
18 0.18 0.0393972
19 0.19 0.0444213
20 0.2 0.0498138
21 0.21 0.0555876
22 0.22 0.0617558
23 0.23 0.0683321
24 0.24 0.0753306
25 0.25 0.0827663
26 0.26 0.0906544
27 0.27 0.0990109
28 0.28 0.1078522
29 0.29 0.1171956
30 0.3 0.1270589
31 0.31 0.1374607
32 0.32 0.1484201
33 0.33 0.1599571
34 0.34 0.1720925
35 0.35 0.1848479
36 0.36 0.1982456
37 0.37 0.2123088
38 0.38 0.2270619
39 0.39 0.2425298
40 0.4 0.2587386
41 0.41 0.2757154
42 0.42 0.2934884
43 0.43 0.3120869
44 0.44 0.3315412
45 0.45 0.351883
46 0.46 0.3731451
47 0.47 0.3953616
48 0.48 0.4185681
49 0.49 0.4428014
50 0.5 0.4681
51 0.51 0.4945036
52 0.52 0.5220539
53 0.53 0.5507939
54 0.54 0.5807686
55 0.55 0.6120245
56 0.56 0.6446104
57 0.57 0.6785766
58 0.58 0.7139758
59 0.59 0.7508627
60 0.6 0.7892942
61 0.61 0.8293296
62 0.62 0.8710305
63 0.63 0.9144612
64 0.64 0.9596885
65 0.65 1.0067819
66 0.66 1.0558141
67 0.67 1.1068604
68 0.68 1.1599995
69 0.69 1.2153133
70 0.7 1.272887
71 0.71 1.3328097
72 0.72 1.3951739
73 0.73 1.4600763
74 0.74 1.5276173
75 0.75 1.5979019
76 0.76 1.6710394
77 0.77 1.7471438
78 0.78 1.8263341
79 0.79 1.9087342
80 0.8 1.9944734
81 0.81 2.0836867
82 0.82 2.1765146
83 0.83 2.2731041
84 0.84 2.3736085
85 0.85 2.4781875
86 0.86 2.5870082
87 0.87 2.7002448
88 0.88 2.8180792
89 0.89 2.9407013
90 0.9 3.0683096
91 0.91 3.2011112
92 0.92 3.3393226
93 0.93 3.4831699
94 0.94 3.6328893
95 0.95 3.7887278
96 0.96 3.9509433
97 0.97 4.1198056
98 0.98 4.2955967
99 0.99 4.4786113
100 1 4.6691578

También podría gustarte