......................................................................................................................

14
.....................................................................................................................
11
.............................................................................................................
21
.......................................................................................................
17

..................................................................................................
21
................................................................................................
6

................................................................................................
9

..............................................................................................
19

................................................................................................
22
...............................................................................................
.3

.............................................................................................
8
...........................................................................................
.2
..........................................................................................
.2

...................................................................................
5

.................................................................................
15
...................................................................................
2

................................................................................
7

..........................................................................
11

..........................................................................
14
Índic
e
.....................................................................
8
.............................................................
7
......................................................
4

..................................................
12
.................................................
3
............................................
17
...........................................
2

..................................
16
 Si un objeto elemento e pertenece a un objeto conjunto C lo denotaremos e ∈ C y se
lee: e pertenece a C.

A = {x ∈ N x⁄ = 2n con n ∈ N}
 •

A = {2,4,6,8,10,...}

A=B
2N
x,con A conjunto} 2N = {2,4,6,8,10,...}
 P(∅) =
{∅}
2 P(P(∅)) = {{∅},∅}
N A⊂ByB⊂
2 A
N

A = {a,b,c}
A = {a,b,c}
P(A) =
P(A) =
P(A) =
P(A) = {X X⁄ ⊂ A}
A⊂BoB⊃
A
 U

∅o
{}

{A,{a},{b},{c},{b,c},{a,b},{c,a},∅} •

•
A
∩

B El símbolo se usará como una relación entre

y el de la derecha
{xεU ∕ x ∈ A ∨ x ∈
B}

{x ∈ U x⁄ ∈ A ∧ x ∈
B}
{x ∈ U x⁄ ∈ A ∧ x ∈
B}

Teoría de
conjuntos
P(A) A

{x ∈ U x⁄ ∉
A}
{x ∈ U x⁄ ∉
A}
A∪
B
A∪
 B Ao A∩A=A

o A ∩ B = B ∩ A, A ∪ B = B ∪ A

o A ∩ (B ∩ C) = (A ∩ B) ∩ C, A ∪ (B ∪ C) = (A ∪ B) ∪ C

o A∩∅=
∅

o A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
A
c

x∈A∩B→x∈A∧x A∩B=B∩
∈ A

B(por definición) → x ∈ B ∧ x ∈ A(conmutatividad del conectivo ∧) → x ∈ B ∩

A(por definición). {x ∈ A x⁄ ∉
B}

•A△B=B△A

• A △ (B △ C) = (A △ B) △ C
A∩B⊂B∩
A △ B = (A ∖ B) ∪ (B ∖ A) = (A ∪ B) ∖ (A ∩ A
B)
•A△A=∅

• A ∩ (B △ C) = (A ∩ B) △ (A ∩ C)
o A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)

o A∪U=U

o (A ∪ B)c = Ac ∩ Bc

o (A ∩ B)c = Ac ∪ Bc

A∖B=A∩
Bc

• A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C)
• A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C)

• (A × B) ∩ (C × D) = (A ∩ C) × (B ∩ D)

• A × B = ∅,si y sólo si A = ∅ o B = ∅.
A × B = {(a,b) a⁄ ∈ A y b ∈ B}

A A×B≠B×A
2 A×B≠B×A
R2 A≠B
A≠B
A≠B

R×R
 {b ∈ B ∕ ∃a ∈

A tal que (a,b) ∈ R}

R⊂A×B

(a,b) ∈ R
a
b
b
a
a
a
{a ∃b ⁄ tal que (a,b) ∈ R}
BR = {b ∃a ⁄ tal que (a,b) ∈ R}

x∈
A
R
A
A
(x,x) ∈ R
(x,x) ∈ R
(x,x) ∈ R

Para todo x,y,z ∈ A,(x,y),(y,z) ∈ R ⇒ (x,z) ∈ R

A = {1,2,3}
x,y ∈
A
R A

R A

R⊂A×
A
R⊂A×
A
 (x,y) ∈ R ⇒ (y,x) ∈ R
(x,y) ∈ R ⇒ (y,x) ∈ R

A1 ∪ A2 ∪ ⋯ = A y Ai ∩ Aj = ∅ para todo i ≠ j

A1 = {1,3,5},A2 = {2,4,6},A3 = {7},A4 = aR

b
{8,9} A = N = {0,1,2,3,...}
A=
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A

A
 A

A
A=N
aR
b
R

a
b
2
(2,4) ∈ D pero 2(5,6) ∉ D
2
6R
8
6R
8
6R
8
6R
8
3R
7
3R
7
3R
7
3R
7
3R
7
A

(2,6) ∈ D pero (6,2) ∉ D

 A

R1 = {b,c,d}

{(1,a),(3,a),(1,c),(4,e)} (1,a)
R (1,c)
(1,c)
{b,c,d}
 (0,1) R = {(1,b),(4,c),(3,d),(6,c)}
R = {(1,b),(4,c),(3,d),(6,c)}
(a,b)

g = {x,y y⁄ = 2x;x,y ∈ R}
g = {x,y y⁄ = 2x;x,y ∈ R}
g = {x,y y⁄ = 2x;x,y ∈ R} {x ∈ B existe
A=R f
∈ R} f
f b=c
f b=c
A = {1,3,4,6} b=c
f

A f(a) = b
afb
(a,b) ∈ f}
(a,b) ∈ f}

{a,b,c,d,e}
A id

B
f,g,h

B
 (g ∘ f):A → C

A = {a,b,c},C = {1,2,3},B = {x,y,z},f = {(a,1),(b,1),(c,2)},g =

{(1,x),(2,y),(3,y)} B

f(x) = x2
(g ∘ f)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(2x + 3) =

(2x + 3)2
(f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x)) =

f(x2) = 2x2 + 3

(f ∘ g):R → R
(f ∘ g):R → R
(g ∘ f):A → B
{(a,x),(b,x),(c,y)}
{(a,x),(b,x),(c,y)}
f:A → B y g:B → C
f
g
g

A=B=C=R
h:A →
C
g
 f(x) = 2x + 3 Im(F)
f(x) = 2x + 3 a
a∈ a
A
a∈
A

f
A

g:R → R A
g:R → R
g:R → R A
A

=a

f:A → B A
f
 idA

idB(f(a)) = (f(a) = f(b)) ⇒ (a = b)

f(a)
A 2a +

3 = 2b + 3 ⇒ 2a = 2b ⇒ a = b
g(−1) = g(1) =

f(x) = 2x + 3

g(x) = x2
g(x) = x2
B f(a) = f(b)
f(a) = f(b)
B
B
B

(idB ∘ f):A → B h(a) = 1,h(b) = 2,h(c) = 3,h(c) =

(idB ∘ f):A → B
4
(idB ∘ f):A → B
(idB ∘ f):A → B h:C → D
(idB ∘ f):A → B

{1,2,3,4,5}

{1,2,3,4,5}

{1,2,3,4,5}

k:C → E
C

h
h
 h k
k
E = {m,n}
g(x) = x2
f(x) = 2x + 3
f

m,k(d) = n
f:A → B

f:A → B

a,b ∈ A,a ≠ b entonces f(a) ≠ f(b)

 bR−1a A

f(a) = b f(x) = 2x + 3

b∈
B

(f−1 ∘ f)(a) =

f:A → B
f:A → B

f
f

(f−1 ∘ f):A → A
(f−1 ∘ f):A → A
(f−1 ∘ f):A → A

(f−1)(f(a)) = f−1(b) = a

(f ∘ f−1) = idB
(f−1 ∘ f) = idA
 n

R−1
R−1
R−1
B

A
A
A

f−1(b) = a
f−1(b) = a

f−1

{1,2,3,4,5
}
V = {a,e,i,o,u}
 n f

3
In

Planteamiento de
problemas
•

Básica: