Ejercicios propuestos

1. Ejercicio N° 31 – Pág. 116

Solución:
Determinamos el polinomio p:
p ( x ) =x3 −2 x 2 +5

q 0 ( x )=2
q 1 ( x )=q 0 ( x ) +k 0 ( x+ 1 )=2+k 0 ( x +1 )
4=q 1 ( 1 )
4=2+ k 0 ( 2 )
2=2k 0=¿ k 0=1
q 1 ( x )=2+ ( x+ 1 )

q 2 ( x )=q 1 ( x )+ k 1 ( x +1 ) ( x−1)=2+ ( x +1 )+ k 1 ( x +1 ) (x−1)

5=q 2 ( 2 )
5=2+ 3+k 1 (3 )( 1 )
5=5+3 k 1=¿ k 1=0
q 2 ( x )=2+ ( x +1 )

q 3 ( x )=q 2 ( x ) +k 2 ( x +1 ) ( x−1)(x−2)=2+ ( x +1 ) +k 2 ( x +1 ) ( x−1)( x−2)

−11=q 3 (−2 )
−11=2+ (−1 ) +k 2(−1)(−3)(−4 )
−11=1−12 k 2=¿ k 2=1
q 3 ( x )=2+ ( x +1 )+( x +1 ) (x−1)( x−2)
q 4 ( x )=q 3 ( x ) +k 3 ( x+1 ) (x −1)(x−2)( x +2)
q 4( x )=2+ ( x +1 )+( x +1 ) (x−1)( x−2)+ k 3 ( x +1 ) ( x−1)( x−2)( x+2)
−1=q 4 ( 0 )
−1=2+1+1 (−1 ) (−2 )+ k 3 ( 1 )(−1 ) ( 2 )(−2 )
−1=3+ 2+ 4 k 3
−3
−6=4 k 3=¿ k 3=
2
3
q 4( x )=2+ ( x +1 )+( x +1 )( x−1 ) ( x−2 )− ( x +1 ) ( x−1)( x−2)( x+ 2)
2

Por lo tanto, el polinomio que deseamos sería:

3
Q(x )=2+ ( x+ 1 )+( x +1 )( x−1 ) ( x−2 )− ( x +1 ) ( x−1)( x−2)( x+ 2)
2

Comprobando en Octave:
Podemos visualizar la gráfica del polinomio interpolante Q(x)

2. Ejercicio N° 32 – Pág. 116

Solución:
Entonces los puntos a interpolar por el método de Newton serían:
(−3,14 ) ; (−2,8 ) ; (1,2)
Por lo tanto, comenzamos con el método:

q 0 ( x )=14
q 1 ( x )=q 0 ( x ) +k 0 ( x+ 3 )=14 +k 0 ( x+ 3 )
8=q 1(−2)
8=14+ k 0 ( 1 )
 8−14=k 0=¿ k 0=−6
q 1 ( x )=14−6 ( x+ 3 )

q 2 ( x )=q 1 ( x )+ k 1 ( x +3 ) ( x+2 )=14−6 ( x+3 )+ k 1 ( x +3 ) ( x+2 )

2=q 2 ( 1 )
2=14−6 ( 4 )+ k 1(4)(3)
2=14−24 +12 k 1=¿ k 1=1
q 2 ( x )=14−6 ( x+ 3 ) + ( x+ 3 )( x +2 )
q 2 ( x )=14−6 x−18+ x 2 +2 x +3 x +6
q 2 ( x )=x 2−x +2

q 3 ( x )=q 2 ( x ) +k 2 ( x +3 )( x +2 ) (x−1)
q 3 ( x )=x 2−x +2+k 2 ( x+3 )( x +2 ) ( x−1)
q 3 ( x )=x 2−x +2+k 2 ( x 3+5 x 2 +6 x−x 2−5 x−6 )
q 3 ( x )=x 2−x +2+k 2 ( x 3+ 4 x 2 + x−6 )
q 3 ( x )=k 2 x 3+ x2 ( 1+ 4 k 2 )+ x (−1+k 2 ) +2−6 k 2
q 3 ' ( x )=3 k 2 x 2 +2 x ( 1+4 k 2 )−1+k 2
q 3 ' ( 0 )=0+0−1+ k 2=−2
−1+k 2=−2=¿ k 2=−1
q 3 ( x )=x 2−x +2+−1 ( x+3 )( x +2 ) (x−1)
q 3 ( x )=x 2−x +2+−1(x ¿ ¿ 3+4 x2 + x−6)¿
q 3 ( x )=x 2−x +2−x 3−4 x 2−x +6
q 3 ( x )=−x 3−3 x 2−2 x+ 8
Nuestro polinomio sería:
Q ( x ) =−x 3−3 x 2−2 x +8

Comprobamos en Octave:

3. Ejercicio N° 2 – Pág. 125

Usaremos el método del trapecio:

n=6
1−(−1 ) 1
h= =
8 4
Entonces:
xi -1 -3/4 -1/2 -1/4 0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1
 f(xi 0.367 0.569 0.778 0.939 1 0.939 0.778 0.569 0.367
) 9 8 8 4 4 8 8 9
Por lo tanto:
1
1
4 −3 −1 1 1 3
( ) ( ) () () ()
2

∫ e− x dx= 2 [f (−1 ) +2 f 4 +2 f 4 +2 f ( 0 ) +2 f 4 +2 f 2 +2 f 4 + f ( 1 ) ]=1.4860

−1

Lo comprobamos en Octave: