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2 3 0 2 3 2
𝑡 |𝐴| = |𝐴𝑡 | = −2
𝐴 = [3 2 7] 𝐴 = [3 2 1]
2 1 6 0 7 6
2 º ) |A |=0 S i:
a ) P o see do s lí ne as ig u a le s .
2 3 2
|3 2 3| = 0 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐶1 = 𝐶3
2 3 2
b ) To d o s lo s e leme n t o s d e u na lí ne a so n n u lo s.
2 3 2
|3 2 3| = 0 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐹3 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎
0 0 0
2 3 2
|1 2 4| = 0 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐹3 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2
3 5 6
𝟐 𝟑 −𝟓 𝟏
𝟐 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟑 𝟏 𝟕
|𝟏 𝟐 𝟎| = 𝟐 ∙ 𝟐 ∙ 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒 | | = 𝟐 ∙ 𝟑 ∙ (−𝟏) ∙ 𝟔 = −𝟑𝟔
𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟒
𝟑 𝟓 𝟔
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟔
2 1 2 1 2 0
| 1 2 0| = − | 2 1 2| 𝐹1 ↔ 𝐹2
3 5 6 3 5 6
Clase Nº 24 Determinantes Ing. Edgar Alberto Iriarte Mercado
5 º ) S i a lo s e le me n to s d e u n a lí n ea se le su ma n lo s e lem ent o s
d e ot ra pa ra le la mu lt ip lica d o s p re viam e nt e p o r un nº rea l e l
va lo r d e l d e te rm ina n t e n o va rí a .
2 1 2 2 1 7
|1 2 0| = 16 𝐶3 = 2𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 |1 2 4 | = 16
3 5 6 3 5 17
2 1 2 2∙2 1 2 4 1 2
2 ∙ |1 2 0| = |1 ∙ 2 2 0| = |2 2 0|
3 5 6 3∙2 5 6 6 5 6
Ta m b ié n po de mo s sa ca r mú lt ip lo s d e lí n e a s y f a cilit a r en
ca lcu lo
3 1 8 1∙3 1 4∙2 1 1 4
| 12 5 −6| = | 4 ∙ 3 5 −3 ∙ 2| = 3 ∙ 2 | 4 5 −3|
−6 7 2 −2 ∙ 3 7 1∙2 −2 7 1
7 º ) S i t o do s lo s e le men t o s d e u n a f ila o co lu mn a e st án
f o rm ad o s p o r do s su m an do s, d ich o de t e rm in a n te se
d e scom po n e e n la su m a d e d o s d et e rm in an t e s.
2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
|𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎+𝑐 𝑎 + 𝑑| = |𝑎 𝑎 𝑎| + |𝑏 𝑐 𝑑|
3 5 6 3 5 6 3 5 6
𝑥+𝑦 4 𝑥 4 𝑦 4 10 2 6 2 4 2
| |=| |+| | | |=| |+| |
𝑧+𝑡 5 𝑧 5 𝑡 5 12 3 5 3 7 3
8 º ) E l d e te rm ina n te de u n p ro d u ct o e s igu a l a l p ro d u ct o d e lo s
d e t e rm in an t e s. |A ·B | =|A |·|B |
3 −2 5 1
E je mp lo : Dad a s las m a t rice s 𝐴 = [ ]; 𝐵 = [ ].
5 4 −4 3
De m ue st ra la p ro pie d a d.
3 −2 5 1 23 −3
𝐴∙𝐵 =[ ][ ]=[ ]
5 4 −4 3 9 17
S i D (2 B – C; 3 C+2 B ) = 2 4 . Ca lcu la :
a ) D (B , C)
D (2 B – C; 3 C+2 B ) = 2 4 p ro p 7
D (2 B , 3 C+2 B ) + D (– C, 3 C+2 B ) = 2 4 p ro p 7
D (2 B , 3 C) + D (2 B, 2 B ) + D (– C, 3 C) + D (– C, 2 B ) p ro p 6
6 D (B , C) + 4 D (B , B ) – 3 D(C, C)– 2 D( C, B ) = 2 4 P ro p 2
6 D (B , C) – 2 D( C, B) = 2 4 P ro p 4
6 D (B , C) + 2 D (B , C) = 8 D (B , C) = 2 4
D (B , C) = 3
b ) 2 D (B , – 2 C) – 3 D(C+2 B , B – C)
2 D (B , – 2 C) – 3 [ D(C, B – C) + D (2 B , B – C)]
2 D (B , – 2 C) – 3 [ D(C, B ) + D(C, – C) + D (2 B , B ) + D (2 B, – C)]
– 4 D (B , C) – 3 [ D(C, B ) – D(C, C) + 2 D (B , B ) – 2 D (B , C)]
– 4 D (B , C) – 3 [ D(C, B ) – 2 D (B, C)]
– 4 D (B , C) – 3 [ – D (B , C) – 2 D (B , C)]
– 4 D (B , C) – 3 [ –3D (B , C)]
– 4 D (B , C) + 9 D (B, C) = 5 D (B , C) = 5 (3 ) = 1 5
Clase Nº 24 Determinantes Ing. Edgar Alberto Iriarte Mercado
2 º En ca so de no exist ir la u n id ad , e st a se lo g ra m ed ia nt e
o p e ra cion e s e lem en t a le s co n a lg un a lí n e a p a ra le la . O t ra
o p ció n, se ria d ivid ie n do la lí ne a p o r un o de su s e lem en to s,
p o r lo cua l de b e ríam o s m u lt ip lica r e l d e t e rm in an t e p o r dich o
e le me n to pa ra qu e su va lo r n o va rié , lu e g o se p ro ce de co m o
e n e l ca so a n te rio r.
6 2 1 0 5
2 5 −3 −2
2 1 1 −2 1
−2 −3 2 −5
𝐴=[ ] 𝐵= 1 1 2 −2 3
1 3 −2 2
3 0 2 3 −1
−1 −6 4 3 [−1 −1 −3 4 2]
2 5 −3 −2 𝐹1 − 2𝐹3 0 −1 1 −6
−1 1 −6
−2 −3 2 −5 𝐹2 + 2𝐹3 0 3 −2 −1
| | | | = 1 | 3 −2 −1|
1 3 −2 2 ⟶ 1 3 −2 2
−3 2 5
−1 −6 4 3 𝐹4 + 𝐹3 0 −3 2 5
6 2 1 0 5 𝐹1 − 2𝐹2 2 0 −1 4 3
2 1 1 −2 1 ⟶ 2 1 1 −2 1
|1 1 | |
2 −2 3 | 𝐹3 − 𝐹2 |−1 0 1 0 2 || =
|
3 0 2 3 −1 ⟶ 3 0 2 3 −1
−1 −1 −3 4 2 𝐹5 + 𝐹2 1 0 −2 2 3
2 −1 4 3 𝐶 +𝐶 1 −1 4 5
1 2 1 4 5
−1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0
= 1| | ⟶ | | = 1 | 5 3 −5|
3 2 3 −1 𝐶 − 2𝐶 5 2 3 −5
−1 2 7
1 −2 2 3 4 2
−1 −2 2 7
b) Re gl a de Chí o. (P ivo t e s)
Me ca n ismo sim ila r al de Ga u ss – Jo rd a n p a ra la
d e t e rm in a ción d e l ra n g o de u na ma t riz. S e e lig e com o
p ivo t e un e lem en to n o nu lo po r e l q u e se d ivid e la f ila
q u ed a nd o e l de t e rm in an t e m u lt ip licad o p o r e se va lo r, lo s
e le me n to s d e la co lu mn a de l p ivo t e se a n u la n , lo s dem á s
e le me n to s se t ra nsf o rm an po r la re gla d e l re ctá ng u lo .
L u eg o se re du ce po r co f a ct o re s. E l pro ce so se re p ite ha st a
q u e e l d et e rm in a nte se a d e t e rce r o se g un d o o rd en .
Clase Nº 24 Determinantes Ing. Edgar Alberto Iriarte Mercado
S i e n e l d et e rm in an t e n o e xist e la u nid a d .
3
|2 3| = 2 |1 2 | = 2 ∙ 1 |− 3| = 2 (− 3) = −3
3 2 2
5 6 0 −2
1 2 −1 3 1
1 2 2 3
2 −1 1 −2 3
1 0 −2 0
𝐴=[ ] 𝐵= 3 1 0 2 −1
3 −1 1 −2
5 1 2 −3 4
4 −3 0 2 [−2 3 −1 1 −2]
1 2 2 3 0 2 4 3
2 4 3
1 0 −2 0 1 0 −2 0
| | = 1| | = −1 |−1 7 −2|
3 −1 1 −2 0 −1 7 −2
−3 8 2
4 −3 0 2 0 −3 8 2
1 2 −1 3 1 3 1 0 1 4
2 −1 1 −2 3 2 −1 1 −2 3
| | = 1 |3 1 0 2 −1||
|3 1 0 2 −1| |
5 1 2 −3 4 1 3 0 1 −2
−2 3 −1 1 −2 0 2 0 −1 1
3 1 1 4 0 −8 −2 10
−8 −2 10
3 1 2 −1 0 −8 −1 5
= −1 | | = −1 | | = −1 |−8 −1 5 |
1 3 1 −2 1 3 1 −2
2 −1 1
0 2 −1 1 0 2 −1 1
re ct á n gu lo , t en ie nd o cu id a do e n e l si g n o d e l p ivo te qu e s a le
co m o e lem en t o d e l co f a cto r.
1 2 2 3
2 4 3
1 0 −2 0 18 −1
| | = −1 | −1 7 −2| = −1 ∙ 1 | | = −1(131)
3 −1 1 −2 −13 8
−3 8 2
4 −3 0 2
1 2 −1 3 1
3 1 1 4
2 −1 1 −2 3 −8 −2 10
| | 3 1 2 −1
|3 1 0 2 −1| = −1 | | = −1 |−8 −1 5 |
1 3 1 −2
5 1 2 −3 4 2 −1 1
0 2 −1 1
−2 3 −1 1 −2
−28 8 14 2
= −1 | | = −1 ∙ −2 ∙ 4 | | = 8(−4) = −32
−18 4 9 1
Ca lcu la r lo s de t e rm in an t e s d e V a nde rm on d e.
1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥 3 𝐶2 − 𝑥𝐶1 1 0 0 0
1 𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦 3 𝐶 − 𝑥𝐶 1 𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 3 − 𝑥𝑦 2
| | 3 2
| |=
1 𝑧 𝑧2 𝑧 3 ⟶ 1 𝑧−𝑥 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑧 𝑧 3 − 𝑥𝑧 2
1 𝑡 𝑡2 𝑡 3 𝐶4 − 𝑥𝐶3 1 𝑡 − 𝑥 𝑡 2 − 𝑥𝑡 𝑡 3 − 𝑥𝑡 2
P o r p ro p ied ad e s fa ct o r com ún y n ue va me n te Va n de rm o nd e .
C 2 – yC 1 ; C 3 – yC 2 :
1 0 0
(𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑧 − 𝑥)(𝑡 − 𝑥) |1 𝑧 − 𝑦 𝑧 2 − 𝑦𝑧| =
1 𝑡−𝑦 𝑡 2 − 𝑦𝑡
(𝑧 − 𝑦) 𝑧(𝑧 − 𝑦)
(𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑧 − 𝑥)(𝑡 − 𝑥) ∙ 1 | |=
(𝑡 − 𝑦) 𝑡(𝑡 − 𝑦)
1 1 1 1 1 1 12 13
|
1 3 9 27
| = |1 3 32 33 | =
1 5 25 125 1 5 52 53
1 7 49 343 1 7 72 73
2 2 2 2 2 𝐹2 − 𝐹1 2 2 2 2 2
2 4 4 4 4 𝐹3 − 𝐹2 0 2 2 2 2
|2 4 6 6 6 || ⟶ ||0 0 2 2 2|| = 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 32
|
2 4 6 8 8 𝐹4 − 𝐹3 0 0 0 2 2
2 4 6 8 10 𝐹5 − 𝐹4 0 0 0 0 2