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determinantes.
E. ⃗v =(−5 ,5 , 8) y ⃗
w =(9,2 ,−1).
1. La suma u⃗ =⃗v +⃗
w.
u⃗ =⃗v +⃗
w u⃗ =(−5 ,5 , 8 )+ ( 9,2,−1 )u⃗ =(−5+9 , 5+2 , 8−1 )u⃗ =( 4 ,7 , 7 )
2. La magnitud de u⃗ .
2 2 2
|u⃗|=√ ( 4 ) + ( 7 ) + ( 7 ) |u⃗|=√ 16+ 49+ 49|u⃗|=√ 114|u⃗|=10,68
3. La dirección de u⃗ .
u⃗ ( 4 , 7 ,7 ) 4 7 7
u⃗ =
|u⃗|
u⃗ =
√114 ( √ 114
u⃗ = ,
√ 114 √ 114 )
, u⃗ =( 0.37 , 0.66 , 0.66 )
v⃗ ∙ ⃗
w (−5 , 5 ,8 ) ∙ ( 9,2 ,−1 ) (−5 )( 9 )+ ( 5 )( 2 ) + ( 8 ) (−1 )
cos α= cos α= 2 2 2 2 2 2
cos α=
|⃗v||⃗ w| √ (−5 ) + ( 5 ) +( 8 ) ∗√( 9 ) +( 2 ) +(−1 ) √ 25+25+64∗√ 81+ 4+1
−45+10−8 −43 −43 −43
cos α=
√ 114∗√ 86
cos α=
√ 114∗√ 86
cos α=
√ 9804
α =cos−1
√ 9804
α =115,74 ° ( )
COMPROBANDO CON GEOGEBRA:
Ejercicio 3: operaciones básicas entre vectores en R3
E. ( 4 ⃗v +3 ⃗u ) ∙ (−3 ⃗v −2 ⃗u )
( 4 ⃗v +3 ⃗u ) ∙ (−3 ⃗v −2 ⃗u )
(−3 ⃗v −2 u⃗ )=(−3 ( 9 , 3 ,−8 )−2 (−7,9 ,−8 ) )(−3 ⃗v −2 u⃗ )=( (−27 ,−9 , 24 ) + ( 14 ,−18 , 16 ) )
(−3 ⃗v −2 u⃗ )=(−13 ,−27 , 40 )
E. C ∙ B+ A T
3 1 0 3 −2 0
(
C ∙ B= −5 2 5 ∗ −4 2
5 −3 4 3
5
5 −3 )( )
( 3∗3 ) + ( 1∗−4 )+ ( 0∗3 ) ( 3∗−2 ) + ( 1∗2 ) + ( 0∗5 ) ( 3∗0 )+ ( 1∗5 ) + ( 0∗−3 )
(
C ∙ B= (−5∗3 ) + ( 2∗−4 ) + ( 5∗3 ) (−5∗−2 ) + ( 2∗2 )+ ( 5∗5 ) (−5∗0 )+ ( 2∗5 ) + ( 5∗−3 )
( 5∗3 )+ (−3∗−4 )+ ( 4∗3 ) (5∗−2 ) + (−3∗2 ) + ( 4∗5 ) ( 5∗0 ) + (−3∗5 ) + ( 4∗−3 ) )
9−4 +0 −6+2+0 0+5+ 0 5 −4 5
(
C ∙ B= −15−8+15 10+ 4+25 0+10−15 C ∙ B= −8 39 −5
15+12+12 −10−6+20 0−15−12 39 4 −27 ) ( )
−2 5 4
AT = 1
(
4 −3
−1 −5 1 )
5 −4 5 −2 5 4 5−2 −4+5 5+ 4
T
(
C ∙ B+ A = −8 39 −5 + 1
)( T
)
4 −3 C ∙ B+ A = −8+1 39+ 4 −5−3
39 4 −27 −1 −5 1 39−1 4−5 −27+1 ( )
3 1 9
T
C ∙ B+ A = −7 43 −8
38 −1 −26( )
Comprobando con Geogebra:
Ejercicio 5: resolución de problemas básicos sobre matrices y
determinantes.
El método de Gauss-Jordán.
−2 3 0
E. E=
(−2 6 −1
1 −1 0 )
Matriz aumentada:
−2 3 0 1 0 0 1 −1 0 0 0 1
(1 −1 0 0 0 1 | ) ( | )
−2 6 −1 0 1 0 f 3 ↔ f 1 −2 6 −1 0 1 0
−2 3 0 1 0 0
1 −1 0 0 0 1 1 −1 0 0 0 1
2 f 1+ f 2 0
(
−2 3 | ) ( | )
4 −1 0 1 2 2 f 1 + f 3 0 4 −1 0 1 2
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2
1 −1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 1 0 01 0 3
f 2↔ f 3 0 1
( | ) ( | ) ( |
0 1 0 2 f 1 + f 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 4 f 2 −f 3 0 1 0 1 0 2
0 4 −1 0 1 2 0 4 −1 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 −1 6 )
Luego la inversa de la matriz es:
1 0 3
−1
C =1 0 2
4 −1 6( )
2f 1 2 -2 0 0 0 2
+f 2 -2 6 -1 0 1 0
2 f 1+ f 2 0 4 -1 0 1 2
2f 1 2 -2 0 0 0 2
+f 3 -2 3 0 1 0 0
2 f 1+ f 3 0 1 0 1 0 2
f1 1 -1 0 0 0 1
+f 2 0 1 0 1 0 2
f 1+ f 2 1 0 0 1 0 3
4f2 0 4 0 4 0 8
−f 3 0 -4 1 0 -1 -2
4 f 2 −f 3 0 0 1 4 -1 6
−2 3 0
E. E= −2 6 −1
1 −1 0( )
−1Adj ( E T )
E =
| E|
−2 −2 1
T
E = 3
(
6 −1
0 −1 0 )
Calculando la adjunta de la matriz transpuesta:
a = (−1 ) (−2 1 )=( 1 ) ( 0−0 )=0a =(−1 ) (−2 −2)= (−1 )( 2−0 )=−2
4 5
22 23
0 0 0 −1
−1 0 −3
Adj ( ET )= −1 0 −2
−4 1 −6( )
Determinante de la Matriz C:
−2 3 0 −2 3
|E|= −2
| 1
6 −1
−1 0 | −2 6
1 −1
|E|=(−2 ) ( 6 ) ( 0 ) + ( 3 ) (−1 ) (1 ) + ( 0 )(−2 ) (−1 )−( 1 ) ( 6 ) ( 0 )− (−1 )(−1 ) (−2 )−( 0 )(−2 ) ( 3 )
|E|=0−3+0+ 0+2+0|E|=−1
−1 0 −3 1 0 3
E−1=
1
−1 (
∗ −1 0 −2 = 1 0 2
−4 1 −6 4 −1 6 )( )
Comprobando con Geogebra:
Ejercicio 6: retroalimentación de los ejercicios de un compañero
de grupo.