Taller

PRESENTADO POR:

Elisa Paola Mora Robles 181703

Eider Gomez Badillo 181671

Luis Fernando Ospina Bayona 181678

Duvan Fernando Mora García 181704

PRESENTADO A:

Ing. Anggie Zuleidy Rincón Ortega

Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña

Facultad de Ingenierías

Ingeniería Mecánica

Ocaña, Norte de Santander octubre,2020

1) Air enters the compressor of an ideal air-standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 300 K, with

a volumetric flow rate of 5 m3/s. The turbine inlet temperature is 1400 K. For compressor

pressure ratios ranging from 2 to 20, plot

(a) The thermal efficiency of the cycle

(b) The back-work ratio

(c) The net power developed, in kW

Solución:
Después de realizarse todas las iteraciones se obtuvo la siguiente tabla:
Eficiencia térmica (nt) vs relación de compresión (r)
Trabajo de retroceso (wr) vs relación de compresión (r)
Trabajo de retroceso (wr) vs relación de compresión (r)
2. The compressor and turbine of a simple gas turbine each have isentropic efficiencies of 90%.
The compressor pressure ratio is 12. The minimum and maximum temperatures are 290 K and
1400 K, respectively. On the basis of an air-standard analysis, compare the values of (a) the net
work per unit mass of air flowing, in kJ/kg, (b) the heat rejected per unit mass of air flowing, in
kJ/kg, and (c) the thermal efficiency to the same quantities evaluated for an ideal cycle.

Solución:

ηC =ηT =90 %

P2
=12
P1

State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4

T 1=290 K T 2=584,23 K T 3=1400 K T 4=750,99 K
KJ KJ KJ KJ
h1 =290,16 h s 2=590,47 h3 =1515,42 h S 4 =768,38
Kg Kg Kg Kg
Pr 1=1,2311 Pr 2=14,7732 Pr 3 =450,5 Pr 4=37,5416

P2 P r 2
r p= = =12
P1 Pr 1
Pr 2=12∗Pr 1 ⇒ Pr 2=12∗1,2311 ⇒ Pr 2=14,7732

P r 4 P4
= ∴ P4 =P1 ; P3 =P 2
Pr 3 P3
Pr 3∗P1 450,5
P r 4= ⇒ Pr4= ⟹ Pr 4 =37,5416
P2 12
Ciclo ideal

a. Trabajo neto

W ˙Neto
=( h3 −hS 4 )−( hs 2−h1 )=( 1515,42−768,38 )−(590,47−290,16)
ṁ
W ˙Neto KJ
=446,73
ṁ Kg

b. Calor rechazado
 q˙out
=( hS 4−h1 ) =768,38−290,16
ṁ

qout
˙ KJ
=478,22
ṁ Kg

c. Eficiencia térmica

q̇ out
ηtér =1−
( h S 4 −h1 ) (768,38−290,16)
q̇∫ ¿ ⇒ηtér =1− ⇒ ηtér=1− ¿
( h3−hs 2 ) (1515,42−590,47)

ηtér =48,29 %

Ciclo real

h3 −ha 4
ηT = ⇒ ha 4=h 3−ηT (h3−hS 4 )
h3−hS 4

h a 4=1515,42−(0.90)(1515,42−768,38)
KJ
h a 4=843,084
Kg
hs 2−h1 hs 2−h 1 590,47−290,16
ηC =
h a 2−h1 (
⇒ ha 2 =
ηC ) + h1 ⇒ ha 2 = ( 0,90 )
+290,16

KJ
h a2 =623,8377
Kg
a. Trabajo neto

W ˙Neto
=( h3 −ha 4 ) −( h a 2−h1 ) =( 1515,42−843,084 )−(623,8377−290,16)
ṁ
W ˙Neto KJ
=338,6583
ṁ Kg
b. Calor rechazado

q˙out
=( ha 4 −h1 )=843,084−290,16
ṁ
q˙out KJ
=552,924
ṁ Kg
c. Eficiencia térmica

q̇ out
ηtér =1−
( h a 4−h 1) (843,084−290,16)
q̇∫ ¿ ⇒ηtér =1− ⇒ ηtér =1− ¿
( h 3−ha 2 ) (1515,42−623,8377)

ηtér =37,98 %

Rta: Pudimos observar que las irreversibilidades producen una disminución en la eficiencia
térmica del ciclo Brayton.
3) A regenerative gas turbine power plant is shown in Fig 1. Air enters the compressor at 1

bar, 27 °C with a mass flow rate of 0.562 kg/s and is compressed to 4 bar. The isentropic

efficiency of the compressor is 80%, and the regenerator effectiveness is 90%. All the

power developed by the high-pressure turbine is used to run the compressor. The low-

pressure turbine provides the net power output. Each turbine has an isentropic efficiency of

87% and the temperature at the inlet to the high-pressure turbine is 1200 K. Determine

(a) the net power output, in kW.

(b) the thermal efficiency.

(c) the temperature of the air at states 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7, in K.

Estado 1

P1= 1 bar=100 kPa

T1=27 ºC = 300K

h1= 300,19 kJ/kg

Pr1=1.386

r=P2/P1

r=4

Estado 2

P2=4 bar= 400 kPa

Pr2=Pr1*4

Pr2=5,544

Para Pr2:

T2= 444,785 K

hs2= 446,486 kJ/kg

0,8=(hs2-h1)/(h2-h1)

h2=483.06 kJ/kg

Estado 4

T4=1200K

P4=400kPa

Pr4=238

h4= 1277.79 kJ/kg

Estado 5s

h4-h5=h2-h1

h5=1094.92 kJ/kg

Para h5:

T5=1040 K

Pr5=133,3

Estado 6s

P6= 1 bar= 100 kPa

P6/P4=Pr6/Pr4

Pr6= 59,5

Para pr6:

T6= 846,96 K

hs6= 873.75 kJ/kg

eficiencia del compresor

nc=(hs2-h1)/(h2-h1)

h2=483,06 kJ/kg

eficiencia de la turbina de alta

ntalta=(h4-h5) / (h4-hs5)

h5=1150,51 kJ/kg

eficiencia de la turbina de baja

ntbaja=(h5-h6) / (h5-hs6)

h6=909,74 kJ/kg

efectividad del regenerador

Estado 3

(h3-h2) /(h6-h2) =0,9

h3=867.072

con h3:

T3=840,9 K

Estado 7

h6-h7=h3-h2

h7=525,728 kJ/kg

con h7:

T7= 522,03 K
a) W=m(h5-h6)

W=0,562(1150,51-909,74)

W=135,31 kW

b) nt= (h5-h6)/(h4-h3)

nt=58,62 %

c) T1= 300 K

T2=444,785 K

T3= 840,9 K

T4=1200K

T5=1040 K

T6=846,96 K

T7=522,03 K
 4. Air enters the compressor of a gas turbine at 100 kPa, 300 K. The air is

compressed in two stages to 900 kPa, with intercooling to 300 K between the stages

at a pressure of 300 kPa. The turbine inlet temperature is 1480 K and the expansion

occurs in two stages, with reheat to 1420 K between the stages at a pressure of 300

kPa. The compressor and turbine stage efficiencies are 84 and 82%, respectively. The

net power developed is 1.8 MW. Determine (a) The volumetric flow rate, in m3/s, at

the inlet of each compressor stage. (b) The thermal efficiency of the cycle. (c) The

backwork ratio.

Solución:

State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4

P1=100 kPa P2=300 kPa P3=300 kPa P4 =900 kPa
T 1=300 K T 2 s=410,13 K T 3=300 K T 4 s =410,13 K
KJ KJ KJ KJ
h1 =300,19 h2 s=411,26 h3 =300,19 h 4 s=411,26
Kg Kg Kg Kg
P1 r=1,386 P2 r=4,158 P3 r =1,386 P4 r =4,158

P 2 300
= =3
P 1 100

P 2 P2 r P2
=
P 1 P1 r
⇒ P 2r =( )
P1
( P1 r ) ⇒ P2 r =4,158

P 4 900
= =3
P3 300

P4 P4r
= ⇒ P4 r =(3)(1,386)⇒ P4 r =4,158
P3 P3 r
P 6 300 KPa 1
= =
P5 900 KPa 3

P 6 Pr 6 P6 Pr 5 568.8
= → P r 6= . P r 5 = =
P5 Pr 5 P5 3 3

Pr 6 =189,6

T r 6=1134,78 k

hr 6=1201,49 Kj/ Kg

P 8 100 KPa 1
= =
P 7 300 KPa 3

P 8 Pr 8 P P 478
= → P r 8= 8 . P r 7 = r 7 =
P 7 Pr 7 P7 3 3

Pr 8 =159,3

T r 8=1086,89 k

hr 6=1145,87 Kj / Kg

hs 2−h 1 h s 2−h1 411,26−300,19

ηC 1 =
h a2 −h1 (
⇒h a 2= )
ηC (
+h 1 ⇒ h a 2=
0,84 ) +300,19

KJ
h a2 =432,42
Kg