Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi

Nombres:
Fecha:
Materia: Operación S.E.P.
Ciclo: Octavo
Paralelo: B

Tema: Despacho Económico sin pérdidas.

Objetivo: Desarrollar habilidades en el cálculo del despacho económico sin pérdidas .
Marco experimental
Determinar el despacho económico del siguiente sistema. (La Potencia esta expresada
en MW)

Unidad 1: H 1(MBTU / h)=749.55+6.95 PG 1 +9.68 x 10−4 P G 12+1.27 x 10−7 PG 13

Unidad 1: H 2(MBTU / h)=1285+7.051 PG 2+ 7.375 x 10−4 PG 22 +6.453 x 10−8 PG 23
Unidad 1: H 3(MBTU /h)=1531+6.531 PG 3 +1.04 x 10−3 PG 22 +9.98 x 10−8 PG 33
Límites:
320 ≤ PG 1 ≤ 800 MW
300 ≤ PG 2 ≤ 1200 MW
275 ≤ PG 3 ≤ 1100 MW

Considerar que el costo es 1.0 $/MBTU para cada unidad

Pcarga =2500 MW
Lambda inicial: 8.0 $/MWh
Determinar el despacho económico utilizando el método de lambda iterativo, considere
un error máximo del 4%
Presentación de resultados.
• Graficar las curvas de la variación del costo frente a la potencia (𝑃𝑖) 𝑑𝑃𝑖
• Valores de lambda iniciales
• Proyección de lambda
• Determinar el despacho económico y su costo Para un incremento de carga de 50 MW
determine.
• Los factores de participación de cada generador
• El nuevo despacho económico del sistema

Resolución
Presentación de resultados.
• Graficar las curvas de la variación del costo frente a la potencia 𝑑F(𝑃𝑖) 𝑑𝑃𝑖
Valores de lambda iniciales
λ 0=8
Proyección de lambda
multiplicación con los costos
Fi=Hi∗Gi

F 1( $ /MBTU )=749.55+6.95 PG 1 +9.68 x 10−4 PG 12 +1.27 x 10−7 PG 13

F 2( $ /MBTU )=1285+7.051 PG 2 +7.375 x 10−4 PG 22 +6.453 x 10−8 PG 23
F 3( $ / MBTU)=1531+ 6.531 PG 3 +1.04 x 10−3 P G 22+ 9.98 x 10−8 PG 33

Paso 2: derivadas
df i
=Fi
d PGi
df 1
=6.95+2∗9.68 x 10−4 P G 1+1.27 x 10−7 PG 12
d PG 1
df 2
=7.051+2∗7.375 x 10−4 PG 2 +6.453 x 10−8 PG 22
d PG 2
df 3
=6.531+2∗1.04 x 10−3 PG 3 +9.98 x 10−8 PG 32
d PG 3

df 1 −3 −7 2
=6.95+1.936 x 10 P G 1+ 3.81 x 10 PG 1 =λ
d pg1
df 2 −3 −7 2
=7.051+1.475 x 10 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10 PG 2 =λ
d PG 2
df 3 −3 −7 2
=6.531+2.08 x 10 PG 3 +2.994 x 10 PG 3 =λ
d PG 3

Paso 3: LAMBDA INICIAL

λ 0=8

λ=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

λ=7.051+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
λ=6.531+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 P G 32

8=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

8=7.051+ 1.475 x 10−3 P G 2+ 1.9359 x 10−7 P G 22
8=6.531+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=6.95−8+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

0=7.051−8+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2+1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
 0=6.531−8+ 2.08 x 10−3 P G 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=−1.05+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

0=−0.949+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
0=−1.469+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=c +b PGi+ a PGi2

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
PGi=
2a

−(1.936 x 10−3 ) ± √(1.936 x 10−3 )2−4 (3.81 x 10−7 )(−1.05)

PG 1=
2(3.81 x 10−7 )
−(1.475 x 10−3 )± √(1.475 x 10−3)2−4 (1.9359 x 10−7 )(−0.949)
PG 2=
2(1.9359 x 10−7)
−(2.08 x 10−3) ± √ (2.08 x 10−3 )2−4 (2.994 x 10−7 )(−1.469)
PG 3=
2(2.994 x 10−7 )

PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿
PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿

SE TOMA LAS POTENCIAS CON EL SIGNO POSITIVO

PG 1+ PG 2+ PG 3−PD=0
494.2760+ 596.6646+ 646.1523−2500=−762.90 71 MW
e 0=−762.9071

Paso 4: LAMBDA 1
λ 1=9

λ=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 32

λ=7.051+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 32
λ=6.531+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 P G 32

9=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 32

9=7.051+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2+ 1.9359 x 10−7 PG 32
 9=6.531+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 P G 32

0=6.95−9+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 32

0=7.051−9+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2+1.9359 x 10−7 PG 32
0=6.531−9+ 2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=−2.05+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 32

0=−1.949+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 32
0=−2.469+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=c +b PGi+ a PGi2

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
PGi=
2a

−(1.936 x 10−3 ) ± √(1.936 x 10−3 )2−4 (3.81 x 10−7 )(−2.05)

PG 1=
2(3.81 x 10−7 )
−(1.475 x 10−3 )± √(1.475 x 10−3)2−4 (1.9359 x 10−7 )(−1.949)
PG 2=
2(1.9359 x 10−7 )
−(2.08 x 10−3) ± √ (2.08 x 10−3 )2−4 (2.994 x 10−7 )(−2.469)
PG 3=
2(2.994 x 10−7 )

PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿
PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿

SE TOMA LAS POTENCIAS CON EL SIGNO POSITIVO

PG 1+ PG 2+ PG 3−PD=0
89 9.6147469+1148.295365+1033.323699−2500=581.2338 MW
e 1=581.2338

e i−1( λi−2−λ i−1)

λ i=λi−1−
e i−2 −ei −1
e (λ −λ )
λ 2=λ1− 1 0 1
e0−e1
581.2338∗(8−9)
λ 2=9−
−762.9071−581.2338
λ 2=8.5676

Paso 5: LAMBDA 2
λ 2=8.5676

λ=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

λ=7.051+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
λ=6.531+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 P G 32

8.5676=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

8.5676=7.051+ 1.475 x 10−3 P G 2+ 1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
8.5676=6.531+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=6.95−8.5676+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

0=7.051−8.5676+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2+1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
0=6.531−8.5676+ 2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=−1.621832992+ 1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 P G 12

0=−1.520832992+ 1.475 x 10−3 P G 2+ 1.9359 x 10−7 P G 22
0=−2.040832992+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=c +b PGi+ a PGi2

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
PGi=
2a

−(1.936 x 10−3 ) ± √(1.936 x 10−3 )2−4 (3.81 x 10−7 )(−1.621832992)

PG 1=
2(3.81 x 10−7 )
−(1.475 x 10−3 )± √(1.475 x 10−3)2−4 (1.9359 x 10−7 )(−1.520832992)
PG 2=
2(1.9359 x 10−7 )
−(2.08 x 10−3) ± √ (2.08 x 10−3 )2−4 (2.994 x 10−7 )(−2.040832992)
PG 3=
2(2.994 x 10−7 )

PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿
PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿

SE TOMA LAS POTENCIAS CON EL SIGNO POSITIVO

PG 1+ PG 2+ PG 3−PD=0
730.5075+917.6650+870.1399−2500=18.3123 MW
e 2=18.3123

e i−1( λi−2−λ i−1)

λ i=λi−1−
e i−2 −ei −1
e (λ −λ )
λ 3=λ2− 2 1 2
e1−e2
18.3123∗( 9−8.5676)
λ 3=9−
581.2338−18.3123
λ 3=8.5535

Paso 6: LAMBDA 3
λ 3=8.5535

λ=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

λ=7.051+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
λ=6.531+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 P G 32

8.5535=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

8.5535=7.051+ 1.475 x 10−3 P G 2+1.9359 x 10−7 P G 22
−3 −7 2
8.5535=6.531+ 2.08 x 10 PG 3 +2.994 x 10 PG 3

0=6.95−8.5535+ 1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 P G 12

0=7.051−8.5535+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
0=6.531−8.5535+2.08 x 10−3 P G 3+ 2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=−1.6035+1.936 x 10−3 PG1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

0=−1.5025+1.475 x 10−3 PG2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
0=−2.0225+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=c +b PGi+ a PGi2

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
PGi=
2a
 −(1.936 x 10−3 ) ± √(1.936 x 10−3 )2−4 (3.81 x 10−7 )(−1.6035)
PG 1=
2(3.81 x 10−7 )
−(1.475 x 10−3 )± √(1.475 x 10−3)2−4 (1.9359 x 10−7 )(−1.5025)
PG 2=
2(1.9359 x 10−7 )
−(2.08 x 10−3) ± √(2.08 x 10−3 )2−4 (2.994 x 10−7 )(−2.0225)
PG 3=
2(2.994 x 10−7 )

PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿
PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿

SE TOMA LAS POTENCIAS CON EL SIGNO POSITIVO

PG 1+ PG 2+ PG 3−PD=0
724.8592+909.9731+864.7283−2500=−0.4394 MW
e 3=−0.4394

e i−1( λi−2−λ i−1)

λ i=λi−1−
e i−2 −ei −1
e ( λ −λ )
λ 4=λ 3− 3 2 3
e 2−e 3
−0.4394∗(8.5676−8.5535)
λ 4=9−
18.3123+0.4394
λ 4=8.5538

Paso 7: LAMBDA 4
λ 4=8.5538

λ=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

λ=7.051+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
λ=6.531+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 P G 32

8.5538=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

8.5538=7.051+ 1.475 x 10−3 P G 2+ 1.9359 x 10−7 P G 22
8.5538=6.531+ 2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=6.95−8.5538+ 1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

 0=7.051−8.5538+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2+1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
0=6.531−8.5538+ 2.08 x 10−3 P G 3+ 2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=−1.6038+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12

0=−1.5 028+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
0=−2.0228+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32

0=c +b PGi+ a PGi2

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
PGi=
2a

−(1.936 x 10−3 ) ± √(1.936 x 10−3 )2−4 (3.81 x 10−7 )(−1.6038)

PG 1=
2(3.81 x 10−7 )
−(1.475 x 10−3 )± √(1.475 x 10−3)2−4 (1.9359 x 10−7 )(−1.5 028)
PG 2=
2(1.9359 x 10−7 )
−(2.08 x 10−3) ± √ (2.08 x 10−3 )2−4 (2.994 x 10−7 )(−2.0228)
PG 3=
2(2.994 x 10−7 )

PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿
PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿

SE TOMA LAS POTENCIAS CON EL SIGNO POSITIVO

PG 1+ PG 2+ PG 3−PD=0
724.9917+910.1535+ 864.8552−2500=−0.00033246 MW
e 3=−0.00033246

Determinar el despacho económico y su costo

F 1( $ /MBTU )=749.55+6.95 PG 1 +9.68 x 10−4 PG 12 +1.27 x 10−7 PG 13

F 2( $ /MBTU )=1285+7.051 PG 2 +7.375 x 10−4 PG 22 +6.453 x 10−8 PG 23
F 3( $ / MBTU)=1531+ 6.531 PG 3 +1.04 x 10−3 P G 22+ 9.98 x 10−8 PG 33

F 1( $ /MBTU )=749.55+6.95 (724.9917)+ 9.68 x 10−4 (724.9917)2+1.27 x 10−7 (724.9917)3

F 2( $ /MBTU )=1285+7.051(910.1535)+7.375 x 10−4 ( 910.1535)2 +6.453 x 10−8 (910.1535)3

F 3( $ / MBTU)=1531+ 6.531(864.8552)+1.04 x 10−3 (864.8552)2+ 9.98 x 10−8 (864.8552)3

F 1( $ /MBTU )=6345.4309
F 2( $ /MBTU )=8362.07468
F 3( $ / MBTU )=8021.822396

Para un incremento de carga de 50 MW determine.

• Los factores de participación de cada generador
• El nuevo despacho económico del sistema

F 1( $ /MBTU )=749.55+6.95 PG 1 +9.68 x 10−4 PG 12 +1.27 x 10−7 PG 13

F 2( $ /MBTU )=1285+7.051 PG 2 +7.375 x 10−4 PG 22 +6.453 x 10−8 PG 23
F 3( $ / MBTU)=1531+ 6.531 PG 3 +1.04 x 10−3 P G 22+ 9.98 x 10−8 PG 33

dF 1
=6.95+1.936 x 10−3 PG 1 +3.81 x 10−7 PG 12
d PG 1
d F2
=7.051+1.475 x 10−3 PG 2 +1.9359 x 10−7 PG 22
d PG 2
d F3
=6.531+2.08 x 10−3 PG 3 +2.994 x 10−7 PG 32
d PG 3

d 2 F1 −3 −7
2
=1.936 x 10 +7.62 x 10 PG 1
PG 1
d 2 F2 −3 −7
2
=1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10 PG 2
PG 2
d2 F 3 −3 −7
2
=2.08 x 10 +5.988 x 10 PG 3
PG 3
PG 1 ¿
PG 2 ¿
PG 3 ¿

1
''
∆ Pi F 1 (Pi)
= n
∆ P0
∑ F 1' 1' (Pi)
i=1
 1
1.936 x 10 +7.62 x 10−7 PG 1
−3
∆ P1
=
∆ P0 1 1 1
+ +
1.936 x 10 + 7.62 x 10 PG 1 1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10 PG 2 2.08 x 10 + 5.988 x 10−7 PG 3
−3 −7 −3 −7 −3

1
1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10−7 PG 2
−3
∆ P2
=
∆ P0 1 1 1
+ +
1.936 x 10 + 7.62 x 10 PG 1 1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10 PG 2 2.08 x 10 + 5.988 x 10−7 PG 3
−3 −7 −3 −7 −3

1
2.08 x 10 +5.988 x 10−7 PG 3
−3
∆ P3
=
∆ P0 1 1 1
+ +
1.936 x 10 + 7.62 x 10 PG 1 1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10 PG 2 2.08 x 10 + 5.988 x 10−7 PG 3
−3 −7 −3 −7 −3

1
∆ P1 1.936 x 10 +7.62 x 10−7 (724.9917)
−3
=
∆ P0 1 1 1
−3 −7
+ −3 −7
+ −3
1.936 x 10 + 7.62 x 10 (724.9917) 1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10 (910.1535) 2.08 x 10 +5.988 x 1
1
∆ P2 1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10−7 ( 910.1535)
−3
=
∆ P0 1 1 1
−3 −7
+ −3 −7
+ −3
1.936 x 10 + 7.62 x 10 (724.9917) 1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10 (910.1535) 2.08 x 10 +5.988 x 1
1
∆ P3 2.08 x 10 +5.988 x 10−7 (864.8552)
−3
=
∆ P0 1 1 1
−3 −7
+ −3 −7
+ −3
1.936 x 10 + 7.62 x 10 (724.9917) 1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10 (910.1535) 2.08 x 10 +5.988 x 1

∆ P1
=0.3012
∆ P0
∆ P2
=0.4102
∆ P0
∆ P3
=0.2885
∆ P0
 ∆ PD
∆ λ= n

∑ F 1'1' (Pi)
i=1

∆ PD
∆ λ=
1 1 1
+ +
1.936 x 10 +7.62 x 10 PG 1 1.475 x 10 +3.8718 x 10 PG 2 2.08 x 10 +5.988 x 10−7 PG 3
−3 −7 −3 −7 −3

50
∆ λ=
1 1 1
−3 −7
+ −3 −7
+ −3
1.936 x 10 +7.62 x 10 (724.9917) 1.475 x 10 + 3.8718 x 10 (910.1535) 2.08 x 10 + 5.988 x 10

∆ λ=0.0375

∆ Pi
Pi
nuevo
=Pi
base
+ ( )
∆ P0
∗ ∆ PD

∆ Pi
∆ Pi = ( ) ∆ P0
∗∆ P D

∆ P1
∆ P 1= ( ) ∆ P0
∗∆ P D

∆ P1=0.3012∗50
∆ P1=15.0620
∆ P2
∆ P 2= ( ) ∆ P0
∗∆ P D

∆ P2=0.4102∗50
∆ P2=20.5105

∆ P3
∆ P3 = ( ) ∆ P0
∗∆ P D

∆ P3 =0.2885∗50
∆ P3 =14.4275

Pinuevo =Pibase + ∆ P i
P 1nuevo=P 1base+ ∆ P1
P 1nuevo=724.9917+15.0620
P 1nuevo=740.0536 MW

P 2nuevo=P 2base +∆ P2
P 2nuevo=910.1535+ 20.5105
P 2nuevo=930.6640 MW

P 3nuevo=P 3base + ∆ P 3
P 3nuevo=864.8552+14.4275
P 3nuevo=879.2827 MW

P>¿nuevo =P 1nuevo+ P2nuevo + P 3nuevo ¿

PGT nuevo=740.0536+ 930.6640+879.2827
PGT nuevo=2550 MW

consuma energía.