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Ejercicio.- Un oscilador armónico lleva a cabo un MAS con frecuencia de 6 Hz. Realice lo que se
indica.
a) ¿Cuál es la frecuencia angular?
b) ¿Cuál es el periodo?
Solución.
= 6 Hz = 6 osc/s a) = 2
a) = ? = 2 ( 6 s-1 )
b) T = ? = 12 s-1
37.6991 s-1
= 12 rad/s
37.6991 rad/s
2 1
b) = ⎯⎯ o T=⎯
T
2 1
T = ⎯⎯ = ⎯⎯
6 s-1
2 1
= ⎯⎯⎯⎯ =⎯s
12 s-1 6
1 0.1666 s
=⎯s
6
0.1666 s
Ejercicio.- Un péndulo simple lleva a cabo un MAS con periodo de 3.2s. Realice lo que se indica.
a) ¿Cuál es la frecuencia? 0.3125 Hz; 1.9634 rad/s
b) ¿Cuál es la frecuencia angular?
Solución.
T = 3.2 s 1
a) = ? a) = ⎯
b) = ? T
1
= ⎯⎯⎯
3.2 s
5
= ⎯⎯ s-1
16
0.3125 s-1
5
= ⎯⎯ Hz
16
0.3125 Hz
2
b) = ⎯⎯ o = 2
T 5
2 = 2 ⎯⎯ s-1
= ⎯⎯⎯ 16
3.2 s 10
2 = ⎯⎯ s-1
= ⎯⎯ s-1 16
3.2 5
6.2831 = ⎯⎯ s-1
⎯⎯⎯⎯ s-1 8
3.2 15.7079
1.9634 s-1 ⎯⎯⎯⎯ s-1
2 8
= ⎯⎯ rad/s 1.9634 s-1
3.2 5
1.9634 rad/s = ⎯⎯ rad/s
8
1.9634 rad/s
Solución.
( t ) = 0.02 cos ( 2t + )
m = 150 g = 150 10-3 kg a) o = 0.02 m
a) o = ? rad
b) =? b) = 2 ⎯⎯
c) =? s
d) T =? c) = 2
e) k =?
f) =? =⎯
g) ( 2( 0 ) + ) = ? 2
h) ( 0 ) = ? 2s-1
i) Grafica de ( t ) contra t = ⎯⎯
2
1
= ⎯ s-1
0.3183 s-1
1
= ⎯ Hz
0.3183 Hz
2 1
d) =⎯ o =⎯
T T
2 1
T=⎯ T=⎯
2 1
T = ⎯⎯ T = ⎯⎯⎯
. 2s-1 1
T=s ( ⎯ s-1 )
T 3.1415 s
T=s
T 3.1415 s
k
e) = ( ⎯ )1/2
m
k
2 = ⎯
m
k = m 2
k = ( 150 10-3 kg ) ( 2s-1 )2
k = ( 150 ) ( 4 ) 10-3 kg s-2
k = 600 10-3 kg s-2
k = 0.6 kg s-2
f) = rad
3.1415 rad
g) ( 2( 0 ) + ) rad = ( 0 + ) rad
= rad
3.1415 rad
h) ( 0 ) = ( 0.02 m ) cos ( 2( 0 ) + )
( 0 ) = ( 0.02 m ) cos ( 0 + )
( 0 ) = ( 0.02 m ) cos
( 0 ) = ( 0.02 m ) ( -1 )
( 0 ) = -0.02 m
0 -0.02 C ( 0, -0.02 )
3
⎯ ⎯ 0 D ( ⎯, 0 )
2 4 4
2 ⎯ 0.02 E ( ⎯, 0.02 )
2 2
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0 x
− − − − − − − − −
-0.005
-0.01
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025
Solución.
( t ) = cos ( t + )
T = 2/
Para demostrar que el campo ( t ) es una función periódica de periodo T = 2/, es suficiente con
demostrar que ( t + T ) = ( t ), tal como se muestra a continuación.
( t + T ) =( t + 2/ )
= cos ( ( t + 2/. ) + )
= cos ( t + 2/ + )
= cos ( t + 2 + )
= cos ( t + + 2 )
= [cos ( t + ) ( 1 ) – sen ( t + ) ( 0 )]
= cos ( t + )
= ( t )
Solución.
( t ) = 0.02 cos ( 2t – )
M = 150 g = 150 10-3 kg a) o = 0.02 m
a) o = ? rad
b) =? b) = 2 ⎯⎯
c) =? s
d) T =? c) = 2
e) k =?
f) (0)=? =⎯
g) ( t ) = ? 2
h) ( 0 ) = ? 2s-1
i) o = ? = ⎯⎯
j) ( t ) = ? 2
k) ( 0 ) = ? 1
l) o = ? = ⎯ s-1
m) Ec( 0 ) = ?
n) Ecmax = ? 0.3183 s-1
⎯ 1
ñ) Ec = ? = ⎯ Hz
o) Ep( 0 ) = ?
p) Epmax = ? 0.3183 Hz
⎯ 2 1
q) Ep = ? d) =⎯ o =⎯
r) Em( 0 ) = ? T T
s) Grafica de ( t ), ( t ) 2 1
y ( t ) contra t. T=⎯ T=⎯
t) Grafica de Ec( t )
y Ep( t ) contra t. 2 1
T = ⎯⎯ T = ⎯⎯⎯⎯
. 2s-1 1
T=s ( ⎯ s-1 )
T 3.1415 s
T=s
T 3.1415 s
k
e) = ( ⎯ )1/2
M
k
2 = ⎯
M
k = M 2
k = ( 150 10-3 kg ) ( 2s-1 )2
k = ( 150 ) ( 4 ) 10-3 kg s-2
k = 600 10-3 kg s-2
k = 0.6 kg s-2
f) ( 0 ) = ( 0.02 m ) cos ( 2( 0 ) – )
( 0 ) = ( 0.02 m ) cos ( 0 – )
( 0 ) = ( 0.02 m ) cos ( - ) ; cos ( -A ) = cos A
( 0 ) = ( 0.02 m ) cos ; ( t ) = 0.02 cos ( 2t – )
( 0 ) = ( 0.02 m ) ( -1 )
( 0 ) = -0.02 m
d
g) ( t ) = ⎯ ( t )
dt
d ; ( t ) = 0.02 cos ( 2t – )
( t ) = ⎯ ( 0.02 cos ( 2t – ) )
dt
d
( t ) = ( 0.02 ) ⎯ cos ( 2t – )
dt
d
( t ) = ( 0.02 ) ( -sen ( 2t – ) ( ⎯ ( 2t – ) )
dt
d d
( t ) = -0.02 sen ( 2t – ) ( 2 ⎯ t – ⎯ ) )
dt dt
( t ) = -0.02 sen ( 2t – ) ( 2 ( 1 ) – ( 0 ) )
( t ) = -0.02 sen ( 2t – ) ( 2 )
( t ) = -( 0.02 ) ( 2 ) sen ( 2t – )
( t ) = -0.04 sen ( 2t – )
i) o = o
d
j) ( t ) = ⎯ ( t )
dt
d
( t ) = ⎯ ( -0.04 sen ( 2t – ) )
dt
d
( t ) = -( 0.04 ) ⎯ sen ( 2t – )
dt
d
( t ) = -( 0.04 ) ( cos ( 2t – ) ( ⎯ ( 2t – ) )
dt
d d
( t ) = -0.04 cos ( 2t – ) ( 2 ⎯ t – ⎯ ) )
dt dt
( t ) = -0.04 cos ( 2t – ) ( 2 ( 1 ) – ( 0 ) )
( t ) = -0.04 cos ( 2t – ) ( 2 )
( t ) = -( 0.04 ) ( 2 ) cos ( 2t – )
( t ) = -0.08 cos ( 2t – )
l) o = 2o
m) 1
Ec( t ) = ⎯ M ( ( t ) )2 ; 0.12 100 = 0.12 10(1-1)
2 = 0.12 101 10-1 = ( 0.12 10 ) 10-1
1 = 1.2 10-1
Ec( t ) = ⎯ ( 150 10 ) ( -0.04 sen ( 2t – ) )2
-3
2
Ec( t ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 150 10-3) ( -0.04 )2 sen2 ( 2t – )
Ec( t ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 150 ) ( 0.0016 ) 10-3 sen2 ( 2t – )
Ec( t ) = 0.12 10-3 sen2 ( 2t – )
Ec( t ) = 1.2 10-4 sen2 ( 2t – ) ; 0.12 10-3= 0.012 10-2
O = 0.0012 10-1
1 = 0.00012
Ec( t ) = ⎯ k ( o )2 sen2 ( 2t – ) )
2
Ec( t ) = ( 0.5 ) k ( o )2 sen2 ( 2t – ) )
Ec( t ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 0.6 ) ( 0.02 )2 sen2 ( 2t – ) )
Ec( t ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 0.6 ) ( 0.0004 ) sen2 ( 2t – ) )
Ec( t ) = 1.2 10-4 sen2 ( 2t – )
1
Ec( 0 ) = ⎯ M ( ( 0 ) )2
2
Ec( 0 ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 150 10-3 kg ) ( 0 ms-1 )2
Ec( 0 ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 150 ) ( 0 ) 10-3 kgm2s-2
Ec( 0 ) = 0 10-3 J
Ec( 0 ) = 0 J
O
Ec( 0 ) = ( 1.2 10-4 J ) sen2 ( 2 ( 0 ) – )
= ( 1.2 10-4 J ) sen2 ( 0 – )
= ( 1.2 10-4 J ) sen2 ( - )
= ( 1.2 10-4 J ) ( sen ( - ) )2
= ( 1.2 10-4 J ) ( -sen )2
= ( 1.2 10-4 J ) ( -( 0 ) )2
= ( 1.2 10-4 J ) ( 0 )
= ( 1.2 ) ( 0 ) 10-4 J
= 0 10-4 J
=0J
1
n) Ecmax = ⎯ k ( o )2
2
1
Ecmax = ⎯ ( 0.6 kg s-2 ) ( 0.02 m )2
2
1
Ecmax = ⎯ ( 0.6 ) ( 0.02 )2 kg m2 s-2
2
Ecmax = 1.2 10-4 J
⎯ 1
ñ) Ec = ⎯ k ( o )2
4
⎯ 1
Ec = ⎯ ( 0.6 kg s-2 ) ( 0.02 m )2
4
⎯ 1
Ec = ⎯ ( 0.6 ) ( 0.02 )2 kg m2 s-2
4
⎯
Ec = 0.6 10-4 J
1
o) Ep( t ) = ⎯ k ( ( t ) )2 ; 0.12 100 = 0.12 10(1-1)
2 = 0.12 101 10-1 = ( 0.12 10 ) 10-1
1 = 1.2 10-1
Ep( t ) = ⎯ ( 600 10 ) ( 0.02 cos ( 2t – ) )2
-3
2
Ep( t ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 600 10-3 ) ( 0.02 )2 cos2 ( 2t – )
Ep( t ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 600 ) ( 0.02 )2 10-3 cos2 ( 2t – )
Ep( t ) = 0.12 10-3 cos2 ( 2t – )
Ep( t ) = 1.2 10-4 cos2 ( 2t – )
1
Ep( 0 ) = ⎯ k ( ( 0 ) )2
2
Ep( 0 ) = ( 0.5 ) ( 600 10-3 kg s-2 ) ( -0.02 m )2
= ( 0.5 ) ( 600 ) ( -0.02 )2 10-3 kg m2s-2
= 0.12 10-3 J
= 1.2 10-4 J
o
Ep( 0 ) = ( 1.2 10-4 J ) cos2 ( 2 ( 0 ) – )
Ep( 0 ) = ( 1.2 10-4 J ) cos2 ( 0 – )
Ep( 0 ) = ( 1.2 10-4 J ) cos2 ( - )
Ep( 0 ) = ( 1.2 10-4 J ) ( cos ( - ) )2
Ep( 0 ) = ( 1.2 10-4 J ) ( cos )2
Ep( 0 ) = ( 1.2 10-4 J ) ( -1 )2
Ep( 0 ) = ( 1.2 10-4 J ) ( 1 )
Ep( 0 ) = 1.2 10-4 J
1
p) Epmax = ⎯ k ( o )2
2
1
Epmax = ⎯ ( 0.6 kg s-2 ) ( 0.02 m )2
2
1
Epmax = ⎯ ( 0.6 ) ( 0.02 )2 kg m2 s-2
2
Epmax = 1.2 10-4 J
⎯ 1
q) Ep = ⎯ k ( o )2
4
⎯ 1
Ep = ⎯ ( 0.6 kg s-2 ) ( 0.02 m )2
4
⎯ 1
Ep = ⎯ ( 0.6 ) ( 0.02 )2 kg m2 s-2
4
⎯
Ep = 0.6 10-4 J