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 a{ddma, 27 {S>g|~a 2020

aVr` amîQ´>r` H$m±J«ogMo ZmJnwamV 100 dfmªnydr©
^m åhUOo 26 {S>g|~a 1920 amoOr EH$ AZmoIo,
Eo{Vhm{gH$ A{YdoeZ Pmbo. ZmJnwamVrb
Y§VmobrOdi, Á`m _moH$ù`m _¡XmZmda ho A{YdoeZ Pmbo,
Ë`mVyZM AmOMo "H$m±J«ogZJa' gmH$mabo. A{YdoeZmÀ`m
ApñVËdmMr Vr gmj XoVo. `m A{YdoeZmbm Eo{Vhm{gH$
KQ>Zm§À`m Zm|Xr d H$mhr _hÎdmMr AYmoao{IVo àmßV Pmbr
AmhoV. VËH$mbrZ ZmJnya ZJarMm B{Vhmg, doJionU,
g_mOH$maU, amîQ´>r` X¥[îQ>>H$moZ `m A{YdoeZmÀ`m KQ>Zm§_YyZ
{XgyZ `oVmo.
Ag§ åhUVmV, B{Vhmg hr H$mbnwéfmMr {eH$dU AgVo.
Ë`mV _mJ©Xe©ZmÀ`m IwUm AgVmV. Ë`m AmoiIm`À`m, Ë`mVyZ
YS>m ¿`m`Mm hm H$mbH«$_ AgVmo. ZmJnya ZJarVrb ho
A{YdoeZ IamoIaM d¡{eîQ>çnyU© `mgmR>r R>aVo, H$maU
1920 _Ü`o H$m±J«og_Yrb "{Q>iH$`wJmMm AñV AZ²
Jm§Yr`wJmMm CX`' `m g§[YH$mimVrb doerda ho A{YdoeZ
Pmbo. `m_wioM H$mhr Eo{Vhm{gH$ _hÎdnyU© KQ>Zm§Mr nmíd©^y_r
`m A{YdoeZmbm bm^br Amho.
AmnU gJioM OmUVmo H$s, ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb
H$m±J«og hr gÀMm Xoe^ŠVm§Mr hmoVr. H$m±J«og hr EH$ ñdmV§Í`
Midi hmoVr. Vgmhr H$m±J«ogMm B{Vhmg ~KUo a§OH$ R>amdo.
B§J«O emgH$m§{déÕÀ`m OZAg§Vmofmbm dmQ> H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r
EH$ goâQ>r ìhm°ëd, EH$ `§Ì åhUyZ "H$m±J«og'Mr ñWmnZm Pmbr.
Vr EH$m B§J«O J¥hñWmZo Ho$br. Ë`mMo Zmd A°bZ øy_.
øy_gmho~ H$m±J«ogMr ñWmnZm KmB©Zo H$aVmhoV, Ago B§J«O
_wËgÚm§Mo _V hmoVo; nU Ag§VmofmMm ^S>H$m CSy> Z XoVm
Ag§VmofmMr dm\$ ~mhoa H$mT>Uo Amdí`H$ Amho, Aer øy_
`m§Mr {dMmagaUr hmoVr. àma§^rÀ`m H$m±J«ogÀ`m A{YdoeZmV
`m_wio {~«[Q>e gÎmo{df`r {ZîR>oMr enW KoVbr OmB©, nwT>o Vo
Wm§~bo Am{U {dZ§Vr d _mJÊ`m, AO© `m§Mo gÌ gwê$ Pmbo.
· S>m°. Hw$_ma emñÌr/9423613710
bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$ H$m±J«og_Ü`o Amë`mZ§VaM H$m±J«og
njmMo Iao ñdê$n, Am§XmobZH$mar CJ« ñdê$n g_moa Ambo.
H$m±J«og_Ü`o B§J«Om§À`m Ý`m`~wÕrda {dídmg AgUmao, AO©-
{dZ§Ë`m H$aUmam, "_dmim§Mm' EH$ JQ> hmoVm; Va B§J«Om§À`m
Ý`m`~wÕrda {dídmg ZgUmè`m "Ohmb' _VmMm Xþgam JQ>
hmoVm. EHy$UM njm_Ü`o _V^oX, _V_Vm§Vao Agbr, Var Voìhm
amîQ´>{hV gdm}nar hmoVo. H$maU ñdmV§Í`mMr AmoT> d
AmË_g_n©U gdmª_Ü`o namH$moQ>rMo hmoVo.
Ia§Va ZmJnwamV A{YdoeZ bmoH$_mÝ`m§À`m
AÜ`jVoImbr 1907-1908 _Ü`oM hmoUma hmoVo. VËH$mbrZ
ZmJnya {Q>iH$^ŠVm§Mm Vgm AmJ«hhr hmoVm; nU _dmi d
Ohmb JQ>mÀ`m g§Kfm©_wio Vo A{YdoeZ gyaVbm Pmbo. `mZ§Va
ZmJnwamVrb H$m±J«ogOZ Vã~b 12 df©o A{YdoeZ ZmJnwamV
ìhmdo, bmoH$_mÝ`m§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr ìhmdo, Aer On_miM
YarV hmoVo. `m_Ü`o _Ü`àm§V H$m±J«ogMo gXñ` S>m°. _w§Oo, ~°.
Aä`§H$a, S>m°. Zm. ^m. Iao, ^dmZre§H$a {Z`moJr, ZrbH§$R>
CYmoOr, Zmam`Uamd AioH$a, ~°. JmoqdXamd Xoe_wI, S>m°.
MmoiH$a, S>m°. nam§Ono, haH$ao, ~mo~So> AmXr A{VaWr, _hmaWr
`m§Zr 1907 _Ü`oM EH$ "amîQ´>r` _§S>i' ñWmnZ Ho$bo hmoVo.
`m A{VaWr§_Ü`o d`mZo bhmZ nU _ZmZo Ohmb AgUmao
ì`pŠVËd hmoVo S>m°. Ho$ed ~iram_ hoS>Jodma!
AÀ`wV ~id§V H$moëhQ>H$a {b{hVmV, ZmJnwamV
A{YdoeZ hmoUma åhQ>ë`mda ZmJnwamV EH$ Zdm ËdofM
g§Mmabm hmoVm; nU `m gd©M _§S>ir§À`m CËgmhmda AmKmV
H$aUmao, Zìho, `m XoemdaM AmKmV H$aUmar XwX£dr KQ>Zm
hmoVr, 31 Owb¡ 1920 amoOr ^maVmMo AZ{^{fŠV g_«mQ>
bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$m§Mo {ZYZ! bmoH$_mÝ`m§À`m Xhmì`m {Xder
ZmJnwamV S>m°. hoS>Jodmam§Zr gmd©O{ZH$ haVmi, {_adUyH$ d
g^m Agm H$m`©H«$_ nwT>mH$mamZo KoVbm hmoVm. VgoM 11 Vo 18
Am°JñQ>n`ªV ZmJnwamV AghH$ma gßVmh nmiÊ`mV Ambm.
Ë`m doir H$mT>boë`m nÌH$mda S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr ñdmjar Amho, Aer
Zm|X Amho.
bmoH$_mÝ` JoboV Am{U _. Jm§YtMo ZoV¥Ëd H$m±J«og_Ü`o
g_moa Ambo. Jm§YrOtZr "AghH$mam'Mo Zdo nd© gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo.
pIbm\$V Am§XmobZm~m~VMr amOr-ZmamOr, Vrd« _V^oX
`mdoir gwê$ hmoVo. `m nmíd©^y_rda ZmJnwamV 26 {S>g|~a amoOr
H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ ^aV hmoVo. `m_wio `m A{YdoeZmV _.
Jm§Yr§Mo ZoV¥Ëd erf©ñW Ogo {XgVo VgoM S>m°. _§wOo, ~°. Aä`§H$a,
S>m°. hoS>Jodma `m à^¥Vr {XgVmV. {Q>iH$^ŠVm§Mm Ohmb njhr
BWo {XgVmo, VgmM _. Jm§YtMm _dmi njhr {XgVmo.
"AghH$ma Am§XmobZm'Mo g_W©Z ho A{YdoeZ Ogo AYmoaopIV
Ohmb _dmi JQ> H$aVo; VgoM "{Q>iH$ ñdamÁ` \§$S>mMr'
C^maUr BWo AYmoaopIV hmoVo. EH$yUM {damoYm^mgmMo,
_V_Vm§VamMo Ago AZmoIo, _V^oX Agbo Var _Z^oX Z
R>odUmao EoŠ`mMo ho A{YdoeZ hmoVo.
_hÎdmMo Ago XoemVrb diUq~Xy, {ddm{XV R>aUmè`m
pIbm\$V MiditMr JS>X nmíd©^y_r `m A{YdoeZmbm hmoVr.
VwH©$ñVmZÀ`m I{b\$m§gmR>r ^maVmVë`m _wgb_mZm§Zr Am§XmobZ
H$am`Mo, Ë`m§Mo ZoVo _m¡. em¡H$V Abr d _m¡. _h§_X Abr `m§Zm
qhXy§Zr {~ZeV© nmqR>~m Úm`Mm, qhXy-_wpñb_ EH$sgmR>r ho
Amdí`H$ Amho, hr ^y{_H$m _. Jm§Yr§Mr hmoVr, nU {Q>iH$^ŠV
H$m±J«ogMm `mbm {damoY hmoVm. qhXwñWmZer AWm©AWr© g§~§Y
Zgbobo pIbm\$VrMo XwIUo KamV AmUy Z`o. B§J«Om§{déÕ
bT>çmV EH$Q>o qhXy AmË_{Z^©a AmhoV. ~§JmbÀ`m \$miUrÀ`m
doir 1905 _Ü`o qhXy-_wpñb_, bmb-~mb-nmb `m§À`m
ZoV¥ËdmV EH$Ì bT>bo hmoVo, bmoH$_mÝ`m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmV qhXy-
_wpñb_ EH$s Voìhmhr hmoVr. Voìhm Jm§YrOtZr "{~ZeV© nmqR>~m'
hm AmJ«h gmoS>mdm, hr ^y{_H$m _m§S>Umam Ohmb _VdmXr EH$
JQ> hmoVm. _hmË_mOtZm "A§{hgm' hdr hmoVr, Va Abr~§Yy§Zm
aŠVa§{OV H«$m§Vr hdr hmoVr. "qhgm' hdr hmoVr. "g{hîUwVm' hm
_hmË_mOtMm àmU hmoVm, Va Y_mªYVm hm Abr~§Yy§Mm ñd^md
hmoVm. n§. Zohê§$ZrM AmË_M[aÌmV _m¡bmZm _whå_X AbrMo
dU©Z 'most irrationally religions’- "na_mdYrMo
Y_mªY' Ago Ho$bobo hmoVo, Aer Zm|X Amho.
Ago Agbo, Var B§J«Om§{déÕMm _wgb_mZm§Mm Ag§Vmof
pIbm\$V Midir_wio Am{U Om{b`Zdmbm ~mJ_wio qhXy§Mm
Ag§Vmof, Aer àjmo^m§Mr `wVr O_dyZ B§J«Om§{déÕ "AghH$ma
Am§XmobZm'Mo Zdo nd© _. Jm§Yr§Zr C^o Ho$bo. bmoH$_mÝ` JoboV
AZ² pIbm\$V g{_VrZo "à`mJ' `oWrb A{YdoeZmV _.
Jm§YtÀ`m AghH$ma Am§XmobZmbm nmqR>~m {Xbm. {deof Ago, `m
AghH$mandm©V S>m°ŠQ>a hoS>Jodma gh^mJr Pmbo hmoVo. hm
gJim B{Vhmg d pIbm\$V Am§XmobZ hm AZoH$ Vn{ebm§Mm,
~maH$mì`m§Mm, boIZmMm ñdV§Ì {df` Amho. Ho$di
A{YdoeZmMr nmíd©^y_r BWo g§jonmZo R>odVmo`².
"AghH$ma Am§XmobZ'ndm©V, S>m°. hoS>Jodma `m§Mr {Z`wŠVr
_Ü`àm§V H$m±J«og g{_VrZo "AghH$ma _§S>imda' Ho$br hmoVr.
`m§V àm_w»`mZo g^m ^a{dUo, R>a{dUo, {Z`moOZmMo H$m_
Ë`m§À`mH$So> gmon{dÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo, Aer Zm|X Amho.
BWo EH$ Jmoï> àma§^rM Z_yX H$aUo H«$_àmá R>aVo.
{dÚm{W©XeonmgyZM S>m°. hoS>Jodmam§Mr OmÁdë` Xoe^ŠVr gdmªZm
R>mD$H$ hmoVr. H$mobH$mVm `oWo S>m°ŠQ>arMo {ejU KoVmZm n§Om~,
amOñWmZ, ~§Jmb `oWrb H«$m§{VH$maH$m§À`m g§nH$m©V Vo hmoVo.
geñÌ H«$m§VrÀ`m _`m©Xm S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr OmUë`m hmoË`m. n{hë`m
_hm`wÕmZ§Va H$mobH$mË`mdê$Z ZmJnyabm Amë`mZ§Va S>m°ŠQ>a
H$m±J«og njmMo g{H«$` H$m`©H$V} Pmbo. na§Vw, BWohr Ë`m§Mr
^y{_H$m VËH$mbrZ n[apñWVrÀ`m n[aerbZmMr, amï´>qMVZmMr
Amho. H$m±J«og njmÀ`m _`m©Xm Vo OmUyZ hmoVo. njmMr gd©M
Ü`o`YmoaUo Ë`m§Zm _mÝ` ZìhVr. pIbm\$V Am§XmobZmbm Ë`m§Mm
{damoY hmoVm. nyU© ñdmV§Í` Am{U "gm_«mÁ`dmX {damoY' `m
d¡Mm[aH$ _wÚm§da S>m°ŠQ>am§Mo d¡Mm[aH$ _V^oX hmoVo. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr
`mgmR>r "ZmJnya Z°eZb `w{Z`Z' Aer doJir g§ñWm C^r Ho$br
hmoVr. Ë`m_Ü`o S>m°. Zm. ^m. Iao, {dídZmWamd Ho$iH$a,
_§S>boH$a, ~mo~So>, MmoaKSo>, haH$ao AmXr _§S>ir Ë`m§À`mgmo~V
hmoVr. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Xoe^ŠVrMr Or Xhm gyÌo OmonmgbrV, Ë`mV
g_mO d amï´> AmamYZm AZ² gm_m{OH$ EoŠ`^mZ gdm}ÀM hmoVo.
Ago AgyZhr ñdV:bm Xoe^ŠV åhUdyZ KoUo Ë`m§Zm AmdS>V
ZìhVo. Ago AmË_{dbmonr, AZwemgZ{à` ì`pŠV_Îd
Agë`mZoM AghH$ma Am§XmobZmV Ë`m§Zr ñdV:bm PmoHy$Z {Xbo.
bmoH$_mÝ`m§à_mUoM S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr ^y{_H$m hr "gmYZmZm_²
AZoH$Vm' Aer Amho. amï´>{d_moMZmgmR>r Ho$boë`m A§{hgH$
_mJm©Zo nwH$maboë`m AghH$mamer Ë`m§Mm nj{eñV `m ZmË`mZo
AghH$ma ZìhVm, ho bjmV ¿`m`bm hdo.
S>m°ŠQ>am§À`m g§X^m©V bmoH${dbjU ~m~ Aer H$s,
ñdmV§Í`àmárgmR>r Vi_i Agë`m_wioM Vo Oar VËH$mbrZ
amOH$maUmV CVabo Vo Ho$di amï´>H$maUmgmR>r! H«$m§{VH$mar,
eñÌH$mar, H$m±J«og, qhXw_hmg^m `m gJiçmVyZ Ë`m§Zr
hiwdmanUo ñdV:bm Xya gmabo. amOH$maUmVrb B©î`m©, gÎmm,
ñnYm©, {ZdS>UyH$ `m KQ>H$m§nmgyZ Vo gX¡d Xya am{hbo. `m gd©
_`m©Xm§Mo ^mZ S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm hmoVo. g_mOg§KQ>Zo{edm` `m Xoembm
n`m©` Zmhr, ho bjmV KoD$ZM S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr "amï´>r` ñd`§godH$
g§Km'Mr {dewÕ g_mOg§KQ>Zm ñWmnZ Ho$br, hm gJim
B{Vhmg Amho.
Ë`mdoir àm§{VH$ H$m±J«og g{_VrÀ`m amï´>r` _§S>imÀ`m
dVrZo ZmJnwamVyZ "g§H$ën' ZmdmMo qhXr gmám{hH$ H$mT>Ê`mMm
à`mg Pmbm. _amR>rVyZ "_hmamï´>' ho d¥ÎmnÌ hmoVoM; nU
_hmH$moeb, _Ü`àm§V `m {h§Xr ^mJmV àgma H$aUo Oéar hmoVo.
`m "g§H$ën' nÌmMo g§KQ>H$ åhUyZ S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm {Z`wŠV Ho$bo.
S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr _hmH$moeb _Ü`àm§V ^mJmV ì`mnH$ OZg§nH©$
Ho$bm. àgma-àMma Ho$bm. S>m°ŠQ>am§Mo g§KQ>ZH$m¡eë`, XyaX¥ï>r
BWo {XgyZ `oVo. {dÚmWr© d `wdH$m§_Ü`o g^m, ^mfUo, CËgd
KoD$Z, S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr ì`mnH$ {_Ì_§S>i d bmoH$g§J«h C^m Ho$bm.
S>m°ŠQ>a ñdV: AmoOñdr dŠVo hmoVoM; nU gmo~V S>m°. _w§Oo, e§.
Xm. n|S>go, bmoH$Zm`H$ ~mnyOr AUo, amOo bú_Uamd ^mogbo,
S>m°. nam§Ono, H$m_Jma nwT>mar am_^mD$ éB©H$a `m à^¥Vtgh
S>m°ŠQ>am§Mm gm_y{hH$ gh^mJ Agm`Mm. 1919À`m
{S>g|~a_Ü`o B§J«OmÀ`m "em§VVm {XZmbm' YwS>H$mdyZ bmdÊ`mV
S>m°ŠQ>am§Mm nwT>mH$ma hmoVm. Om{b`Zdmbm ~mJÀ`m nmíd©^y_rda
‘Can we celebrate peace?’ Ago nÌH$ H$mTy>Z
Ë`m§Zr "gaH$maMm Vmo {ZfoY {XZ' nmibm. Ë`m dfr©À`m
A_¥Vga H$m±J«ogbm S>m°ŠQ>a Jobo hmoVo. Om{b`Zdmbm ~mJbm
hþVmËå`m§Zm d§XZ H$am`bm Vo {dgabo ZmhrV.
`mM Xaå`mZ A{YdoeZmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo, S>m°. b. dm.
nam§Ono `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmV "^maV ñd`§godH$ _§S>i' ñWmnZ
H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Owb¡À`m àma§^mnmgyZM hOma-~mameo
ñd`§godH$m§Mr C^maUr H$aÊ`mMm à`mg gwê$ Pmbm. àMmaXm¡ao,
^mfUo, IoS>monmS>r g§nH©$, eoVH$ar~§Yy§Mr g^m, g§_obZo S>m°. _w§Oo,
S>m°. hoS>Jodmam§Zr JmO{dbr. `mMo d¥Îm 1920 À`m "_hmamï´>'
d¥ÎmnÌmV PiH$bo.
"ñd`§godH$m§Mr nWHo$' nmoemImV C^r ìhmdr, ñd`§godH$
nWHo$ Ho$di A{YdoeZmnwaVr Z amhVm, Vr H$m`_Mr amï´>r`
g§ñWm§Zm _XV H$aUmar hdr. JmdmoJmdr {_adUyH$, g^m `m§VyZ
ì`dñWm R>odÊ`mH$[aVm ñd`§godH$ nWHo$ V`ma Pmbr nm{hOo,
hm AmJ«h S>m°ŠQ>am§Mm hmoVm. ^maV ñd`§godH$ _§S>i `mgmR>rM
H$m`©aV hmoVo. `m gd© nyd©V`marMr _XV 26 {S>g|~aÀ`m
A{YdoeZmV Pmbr, ho gm§JUo Z bJo.
gÜ`m, ZmJnwamV {OWo H$m±J«ogZJa Amho {VWoM
A{YdoeZmMm _§S>n hmoVm. ñdmJV _§S>imMo VrZ hOma gXñ`
d gmV Vo AmR> hOma àojH$ VgoM 14,583 BVHo$ A{YdoeZ
à{V{ZYr CnpñWV hmoVo, Ago dU©Z AmT>iVo. g§»`oÀ`m X¥ï>rZo
1928 n`ªV Ago A{YdoeZ Pmbo Zmhr. A{YdoeZmVrb
ñd`§godH$m§Mo à_wI S>m°. hoS>Jodma d S>m°. nam§Ono hmoVo. `m{edm`
^moOZì`dñWm d dg{VJ¥hì`dñWm `mda S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr {deof
bj Úmdo, Ago hmoVo. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr JUdofmV ñd`§godH$ Va C^o
Ho$boM; nU bmoH$m§Zm AmdaUo, BVaÌ ì`dñWm bmdUo, `m
ì`dñWo_Ü`o "{eñVrMo diU' KmbyZ XoUo, `m ~m~r Ë`m§Zr
BVŠ`m ì`dpñWV Ho$ë`m H$s, A{YdoeZmÀ`m ì`dñWo{df`r
gdmªZr "YÝ`moX²Jma' H$mT>Ê`mBVH$s godm S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Ho$br.
ñd`§godH$ H$gm Agmdm d H$gm KS>dmdm, AZwemgZ, {eñV
H$er Agmdr, `mMr hr nyd©V`mar ZìhVr H$m`? AmXe©
ñd`§godH$ËdmMr Vr ~rOê$noM hmoVr, Ago ñnï>nUo AmT>iyZ
`oVo.
10 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1920 bm ZmJnwamV A{YdoeZmÀ`m
ñdmJV g{_VrMr ~¡R>H$ Pmbr. (nmZ 4 da)

"_mgmZm§ _mJ©erfm}h§' Ago åhUUmè`m ^JdmZ lrH¥$îUm§Mm hm
_mg. lrH¥$îUmZo gm§[JVbobr lr_X² ^JdÒrVm åhUOo
qhXwOrdZmMo n[anyU© VÎdkmZ. `m _{hÝ`mVrb _mojXm EH$mXerbm
ZwH$VrM JrVm O`§Vr Pmbr. JrVoMo AjaËd d A{dZm{eËd
à{Vnm{XV H$aUmam hm {deof boI.
· àH$me EXbm~mXH$a /9822222115
Xy Y_m©V AZoH$ CnmgZm n§W AmhoV.
qh AZoH$ XodXodVm AmhoV. BVHo$M Zìho, Va
EH$M EH$ à_mUJ«§Whr Zmhr. Y_©emñÌmV
AZoH$ _Vm§Mo Am{U _mJmªMo {ddoMZ Amho. qhXy
Y_m©À`m B{VhmgmH$So> ÑpîQ>jon Q>mH$bm Va àmMrZ
H$mimnmgyZ Anma dmL>_`mMr {Z{_©Vr Pmbobr
{XgVo. Y_m©{df`r {d{dY ÑpîQ>H$moZ Am{U {dMma
~miJÊ`mMo ñdmV§Í` qhXy Y_m©V àW_nmgyZM
Agë`mZo `m dmL>_`mV d¡{dÜ` Am{U d¡{MÍ` XmoÝhr
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(boIH$ H$m°nm}aoQ> Am{U ì`pŠV_Îd
{dH$mg à{ejH$ AmhoV.)
··
 a{ddma, 27 {S>g|~a 2020
Aj_ ~Z{dbo Ë`m éT>tZm, nwéf Am{U _{hbm XmoKm§Zr
EH${ÌVnUo Xÿa H$aÊ`mMm ^maVr` EH$mË_VoMm _mJ©,
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(boIH$, nwamVÎdemñÌmMo Aä`mgH$ AmhoV.)
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  a{ddma, 27 {S>g|~a 2020

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nydm©Ym©V Ìmg g§^dVmo. {_Ì n[adma dmT>ob. VgoM
Á`oîR>m§Mm nU Amerdm©X bm^ob. gm¢X`© àgmYZ
{dH«o$Ë`m§Zm CÎm_ g§Yr àmßV hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm
Amho.
ew^ {Xdg : 29, 31, 1
------ · ------ · ------
AmßVoîQ>m§er gwg§dmX
hm AmR>dS>m AmnUmg ~è`mM à_mUmV ew^
\$bo XoUmam R>aob. gmd©O{ZH$ H$m`m©V `e g§^dV§.
naXoeg§~§{YV ì`dgm` CÎm_ \$bo
XoVrb. AMmZH$ YZbm^mMr
eŠ`Vm {XgVo. `m AmR>dS>çmV
EImÚm {_Ìmbm _XVrMr JaO
^mgob d AmnU _XVrMm hmV nwT>o
H$amb. AmßVoîQ>m§er gwg§dmX g§^dVmo. g§VVrg
H$bmjoÌmV `e àmßV hmoB©b VgoM AW©bm^ nU
hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. OmoS>rXmamgmo~V _mÌ
_V^oX hmoD$ eH$VmV. aŠVXm~ qH$dm aŠVmg§~§Yr
AÝ` {dH$mam§Mm Ìmg g§^dVmo. {dÚm{W©dJm©g
{ejUmH$[aVm àdmg H$amdm bmJy eH$Vmo.
ew^ {Xdg : 27, 31, 2
------ · ------ · ------
(15.57), H$aU- H$m¡bd (17.19), ZmJnya-
gy`m}X` 06.50, gy`m©ñV 17.40, {XZ_mZ-
10.50, M§Ð- d¥f^, {Xdg- _Ü`_
J«hpñWVr - a{d-YZy, _§Ji-_of, ~wY-YZy,
Jwê$-_H$a, ewH«$-d¥píMH$, e{Z-_H$a, amhÿ-
d¥f^, Ho$Vw-d¥píMH$, hf©b-_of, ZonÀ`yZ-Hw§$^,
ßbwQ>mo- YZy
YZg§M` CÎm_
hm AmR>dS>m AmnUmg {_l
ñdê$nmMr \$bo XoUmam R>aUma
Amho. g§VVrg EImÚm Ioim_Ü`o
`e àmßV hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm
{XgVo. YZg§M`mÀ`mÑîQ>rZo
AmR>dS>m CÎm_ R>aob. eÌy§da {dO` {_i{dVm
`oB©b. ì`dgm`m_Ü`o EImÚm ì`dhmamV {ÛYm
_Z:pñWVr g§^dVo. ^mJrXmarÀ`m ì`dgm`mV
nydm©Ym©V AS>MU, Ìmg hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm {XgVo.
eoOmè`m§er g§~§Y gbmo»`mMo hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm
Amho. dmhZo _mÌ OnyZ MmbdmdrV VgoM
Kemg§~§Yr AmOmam§nmgyZ gmdY Agmdo.
ew^ {Xdg : 29, 30, 31
------ · ------ · ------
_hÎdmMo H$m`© g§nÝZ
hm AmR>dS>m AmnUmg
~hþVm§e ew^ \$bo XoUmam R>aÊ`mMr
eŠ`Vm Amho. KamV EImXo ew^
H$m`© R>ê$ eH$Vo. H$m`m©~m~V
OmoS>rXmamgmo~V _V^oX g§^dVmV.
ZmoH$ar/ì`dgm`mV EImXo _hÎdmMo H$m`© nyU©
hmoB©b. VgoM H$mhr _§S>itZm naXoemg§~§Yr H$m_mV
àJVr Pmë`mMo g_mYmZ bm^ob. {_Ìm§gmo~V
Am{W©H$ ì`dhma OnyZ H$amdoV. KamVrb `§Ìm§g§~§Yr
VH«$mar ÌmgXm`H$ R>ê$ eH$VmV. {dÚm{W©dJm©g
_mÌ H$mi AZwHy$b {XgVmo.
ew^ {Xdg : 27, 31, 2
------ · ------ · ------
^m¡{VH$ gwIgmo`r CÎm_
hm AmR>dS>m AmnUmg ew^
\$bo XoUmam g§^dVmo. ^m¡{VH$
gwIgmo`r CÎm_ àmßV hmoVrb.
dmhZgwImV dmT> g§^dVo. g§VVrg
ew^ \$bo {_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm
Amho. CÎmamYm©V ZmoH$ar/ ì`dgm`m g§~§YmV
à{gÕr `moJ, Zmdbm¡{H$H$ hmoÊ`mMm `moJ g§^dVmo.
g_mOmVrb Amnbr à{V_m C§Mmdob. H$Om©g§~§Yr
H$m_mV ew^ \$bo àmßV hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho.
{dÚm{W©dJm©g e¡j{UH$ H$Om©g§~§Yr H$m`m©V àJVr
g§^dVo. àm°nQ>ug§~§Yr H$m_mV _mÌ Ano{jV bm^
{XgV Zmhr. Amamo½`m~m~V dmV{dH$mam§nmgyZ
gmdY Agmdo.
ew^ {Xdg : 28, 29, 30
------ · ------ · ------
g§emoYZmg AZwHy$b
hm AmR>dS>m AmnUmg ~è`mM
à_mUmV ew^ \$bo XoUmam R>aÊ`mMr
eŠ`Vm Amho. ~m¡{ÕH$ joÌmV
H$m`©aV _§S>itZm ew^ \$bo
g§^dVmV. g§emoYZ gwê$ H$aÊ`mg
AZwHy$b d `mo½` H$mi Amho. EHy$UM g§emoYZmÀ`m
H$m`m©V nyaH$ J«h_mZ AmhoV, Ë`m_wio Á`m§Mo H$m`©
gwê$ AgVrb Ë`m§Zm nU àJVr gmYVm `oB©b.
^md§S>m§gmo~V {dg§dmX {XgVmo. nÌH$ma _§S>itZm
H$m_mV AS>MUr `oD$ eH$VmV. àm°nQ>u g§~§{YV
H$m`m©V `e, g§VVrg ew^ BË`mXr Mm§Jbr \$bo
{_iÊ`mMm `moJ Amho. Amamo½`m~m~V nm`mg§~§Yr
VH«$mat_Ü`o dmT> g§^dVo.
ew^ {Xdg : 27, 30, 31
_of - dmX Q>mimdm
am d¥f^ - àdmg g§^dVmo
{_WwZ - ZoÌ{dH$ma g§^dVmV
H$H©$ - {_Ìm§gmo~V ~o~Zmd
{e qgh - IMuH$ {Xdg
^ H$Ý`m - AÜ`mË_mH$S>o H$b
Vyi - Amamo½`mg Onmdo
d¥píMH$ - OmoS>rXmamgmo~V _V^oX
{d YZy - eÌy§da {dO`
_H$a - ew^H$m`© R>aÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm
î` Hw§$^ - ^m¡{VH$ gwIgmo`r CÎm_
_rZ - ^md§S>m§gmo~V {dg§dmX
2015 À`m CÝhmù`mV pñnVr ìh°crcm ^oQ> Úm`M§ R>adc§.
AWm©V, `m n«dmgmV H$mhr AZno{úmV AS>MUr Amë`m. na§Vw Vmo
{ZgJm©`Z n[aga nmhÿZ _Z V¥ßV Pmc§. hm n[aga cS>mIMr AmR>dU H$ê$Z
XoUmam Agë`m_wio Ë`mcm "{_Zr cS>mI' Ag§ åhUVmV.$dmQ>oV
amOrd n§{S>V gVcO ZXrcm pñnVr ZXr `oD$Z {_iVo. Ë`m§À`m g§J_mM§
{R>H$mU Z`Zaå` Ag§ Amho. `m{edm` BWbr _yZc±S>, ~wÜX
_m°ZoñQ´>r Vg§M nwamVZ {H$ëbm hr {R>H$mU§
nmhÊ`mgmaIr AmhoV.$
ImÚm {R>H$mUr ghcrcm Om`M§ R>adc§ Am{U Ë`mgmR>r `mo½` {Z`moOZ
E Ho$c§, Var Am`Ë`m doir {Z`moOZ H$moc_S>Ê`mMo àg§Jhr dmQ>çmcm `oVmV.
{edm` gd©M ghct_Ü`o R>adcocr gd©M {R>H$mU§ ZrQ> nm{hcr OmVmV Ag§
Zmhr. Aem doir Zer~ dJ¡ao ~m~tda {dídmg R>odmdm H$m, Agm àíZ _ZmV
Amë`m{edm` amhV Zmhr. 2015 À`m CÝhmù`mV _o _{hÝ`mÀ`m gwÅ>rV Amåhr
{_Ìm§Zm KoD$Z pñnVr ìh°crcm Om`M§ R>adc§ hmoV§. `mV {VKm§À`m Hw$Qw>§{~`m§Mm
g_mdoe hmoVm. EH§$Xa Xhm {Xdgm§Mm Agm hm H$m`©H«$_ hmoVm. R>aë`mn«_mUo Amåhr
nwUo Vo M§XrJT> Ag§ aoëdoM§ {VH$sQ> H$mT>c§. na§Vw Am`Ë`m doir EH$m {_ÌmÀ`m
_wcrMr narúmm EH$m {XdgmZo cm§~ë`mMr ~mV_r H$imcr. _J _w§~B©hÿZ Jar~aWZo
Om`M§ R>adc§ Am{U Ë`mà_mUo AmaúmU Ho$c§. BWyZM `m ghcrM§ {Z`moOZ
H$moc_S>Ê`mg gwédmV Pmcr hmoVr. R>aë`mà_mUo nwÊ`mhÿZ _w§~B©cm Q´>oZZ§ {ZKmcmo.
na§Vw _w§~B©cm nmohmoMV AgVmZmM {Zamon Amcm H$s Jar~aW EŠñàog aÔ Pmcr
Amho. Ë`mdoir JwÁOam§M§ AmaúmU Am§XmocZ OmoamV gwê$ hmoV§. Ë`m_wio aoëdoM§
doimnÌH$ {dñH$irV Pmc§ hmoV§. _J _§w~B©cm nmohmoMyZ Jar~aWÀ`m {V[H$Q>mMo n¡go
naV KoVco Am{U OmñV n¡go ^ê$Z nwUo-{Xëbr {d_mZmMr {V{H$Q>§ ~wH$ Ho$cr.
Ë`m amÌr _§w~B©V _wŠH$m_ H$ê$Z Amåhr Xþgè`m {Xder {d_mZmZ§ {Xëbrcm
nmohmoMcmo. {VWyZ nwT>o aoëdoZ§ M§XrJT>cm Am{U M§XrJT> Vo {g_cm Agm R>aë`mà_mUo
àdmg Ho$cm. nwT>o H$ënm, gahmZ Am{U gm§Jcm hr {h_mMc àXoe_Yrc {R>H$mU§
Amåhr nmhUma hmoVmo. hm gJim àdmg añË`mZo H$am`Mm hmoVm. Vmo Amåhr Q>oånmo
Q´>°ìhca `m dmhZmVyZ Ho$cm. hm gd© ^mJ Iyn gww§Xa AgyZ {VW§ dZñnVtMr Iyn
{d{dYVm nmhm`cm {_ioc, Aer Amåhmcm _m{hVr {_imcr hmoVr. àË`oH$
_wŠH$m_m§À`m {R>H$mUm§_Ü`o gmYmaU XrS>eo-nmdUoXmoZeo {H$cmo_rQ>aM§ A§Va hmoV§.
hm àdmg H$arV Iyn N>mZ JmoîQ>r nmhm`cm {_iVrc, Aer _ZmV BÀN>m hmoVr.
àË`úmmV _mÌ añË`m§À`m XwadñWo_wio `m gd© àdmgmcm àM§S> doi cmJcm.
{h_mc`mVrc diU§ Ë`mV AmUIr ^a Q>mH$V hmoVr. `m n[agam_Ü`o N>moQ>çm-
N>moQ>çm ZÚm§da _moR>çm à_mUmV hm`S´>moBcopŠQ´>H$ àH$ën V`ma Ho$co AmhoV.
Ë`mgmR>r S>m|Ja _moR>çm à_mUmV IUyZ ~moJXo (Q>Zoc) ~Z[dÊ`mV Amco AmhoV.
`m H$m_mMm n[aUm_ hmoD$Z `m n[agamVrc {h_mc`mÀ`m S>m|Jaam§Jm {Ii{Iù`m
Pmë`m AmhoV. Ë`m_wio XaS>r H$mogiyZ dmhVyH$ R>ßn hmoÊ`mMo àg§J {ZË`mMo Pmco
AmhoV. `m KQ>Zm§_Ü`o AmåhrXoIrc XmoZ-VrZXm AS>H$cmo hmoVmo. cîH$amMr dmhZ§
`oD$Z XaS>r hQ>[dë`mZ§VaM dmhVyH$ gwê$ hmoVo. ho H$m_ nyU© hmoÊ`mMr dmQ>
nmhÊ`mV Iyn doi dm`m OmVmo. Ë`m H$mogicoë`m XaS>r§Mm amS>mamoS>m ZXrV
T>H$ccm OmVmo. Ë`m_wio `oWrc ZÚm§_Yrc nmUr H$minQ> a§Jm§M§ {XgV§. `m gd©
JmoîQ>t_wio M§XrJT> Vo H$ënm `oWrc ñWcXe©Z åhUOo ZwgVm àdmgM Pmcm.
Amåhmcm VoWrc dZlr Am[U númr `m§M§ {ZarúmU H$aÊ`mgmR>r doiM {_imcm
Zmhr. Ë`m Xaå`mZ gm§Jcm ho$ {R>H$mU cmJc§.${VWn`ªV OmVmZm XaS>r
H$mogiÊ`mMm AZw^d KoVcm. Ë`mM~amo~a gm`§H$mir dmVmdaUmV ~Xc hmoD$Z
{h_dfm©dmMmXoIrc doJim AZw^d Amcm.
gm§JbmÀ`m nwT>o añË`mÀ`m eodQ>r {MËHy$c ho {R>H$mU cmJV§. BW§ EH$ A{Ve`
gw§Xa AmoT>m IiIiV dmhV AgVmo. Ë`mÀ`m ^modVr JdVmM§ gw§Xa _miamZ Amho.
Amåhr {VW§ Jocmo, Voìhm Ë`m JdVmda {h_H$U M_H$V hmoVo. AmOw~mOyÀ`m
PwSw>nm§da {h_mc`mV AmT>iUmao {d{dY àH$maMo númr hmoVo. hm Iyn g§wXa Agm
{ZgJ©aå` n[aga Amho. gm§Jcm JmdmV ~mOyÀ`m Q>oH$S>rda EH$ àmMrZ {H$ëbm
Amho. da MT>m`cm gw~H$ Aem nm`è`m AmhoV Am{U XJS>r VQ>~§XrÀ`m AmV nyU©
cmH$S>r ~m§YH$m_mMm amOdmS>m Am{U XoD$i nmhm`cm {_iV§. `m {H$ëë`mdê$Z
gm§Jcm n[agamM§ A{Ve` gw§Xa Xe©Z hmoV§. WmoS>mgm H$îQ>Xm`H$ Agcm, Var hm
AmdOy©Z nmhÊ`mgmaIm {H$ëbm Amho. H$ënmZ§Va Amåhr Vm~mo ZmdmÀ`m JmdmH$S>o
{ZKmcmo. Vm~mo ho JmdM pñnVr ìh°crV `oV§. coh-cS>mIMr AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoUmè`m
`m n[agamcm "{_Zr cS>mI' Ag§ åhUVmV.$H$ënmH$Sy>Z Vm~moH$S>o OmVmZm EH$m
~«oZpìhQ>m gm¡OÝ` : à^mH$aamd _w§S>bo
“How did the accident happen”? the officer asked
 a{ddma, 27 {S>g|~a 2020
g\$a
pñnVr ìh°crMr
~mOycm gVcO ZXr dmhV AgVo Am{U Xþgè`m ~mOycm C§M S>m|JaH$S>o X¥îQ>rg
nS>VmV. Aem n[apñWVrV H$ënm Vo Vm~mo hm añVm$S>m|Ja \$moSy>Z V`ma Ho$cm Amho.
hm OJmVrc H$mhr gdm©V YmoH$mXm`H$ añË`m§n¡H$s EH$ JUcm OmVmo. Ë`mMm
AZw^d Amåhmcmhr `m àdmgmV Amcm. WmoS>§ nwT>§ Joc§ H$s, gVcO ZXrcm pñnVr
ZXr `oD$Z {_iVo. Ë`m§À`m g§J_mM§ ho Z`Zaå` {R>H$mU Amho. EH$m ~mOyZo ñdÀN>
{Zù`m a§JmMr pñnVr ZXr `oV AgVo Va Xþgè`m ~mOyZo H$mù`m a§JmMr gVcO
ZXr `oV AgVo. Ë`m§À`m g§J_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr nmÊ`mÀ`m a§JmVrc \$aH$ nmhm`cm
{_iVmo.
Vm~mocm nmohmoMÊ`mAmYr S>mì`m hmVmcm _yZc±S>gmaIm àXoe cmJVmo.
cS>mI_Yrc _yZc±S> OJà{gÜX Amho. Vo añË`mdê$Z nmhÊ`mVM g_mYmZ _mZmd§
cmJV§. na§Vw, Vm~mo `oWrc _yZc±S cS>mInoúmm AmH$mamZ§ IynM _moR>§ Amho.
añË`mcm cmJyZ Agë`mZ§ {VW§ ghO OmU§ eŠ` hmoV§. Amåhr amÌrMm _wŠH$m_
H$ê$Z nwT>rc {Xder gH$mir "H$s' `m JmdmVrc ~wÜX _m°ZoñQ´>rcm ^oQ> {Xcr. ho `m
n[agamVrc àmMrZ Am{U Ym{_©H$X¥îQ>çm _hÎdmM§ Ag§ {R>H$mU Amho. Ë`m
_m°ZoñQ´>rÀ`m g_moa nm{hc§ Va pñnVr Am{U nrZ `m ZÚm§Mm g§J_ {XgVmo.> `m
{R>H$mUr Amåhmcm AmH$memV B§ÐdO« ZmdmMm EH$ AZmoIm àH$ma nmhm`cm
{_imcm. da T>J XmQy>Z `oV hmoVo, WmoS>mgm [a_{P_ nmD$g nS>V hmoVm Am{U EH$m
~mOycm gy`©hr AmH$memV hmoVm. Am_À`m S>moŠ`mda B§ÐYZwî` V`ma hmoV§. Ë`mZ§
JmocmH$ma YmaU Ho$cm. Jmoc B§ÐYZwî`mcm B§§ÐdO« Ag§ åhUVmV. hm àH$ma _r
Am`wî`mV àW_M nmhV hmoVmo. {VWyZ Amåhr {Vã~a `m Jmdr Jocmo. Ë`mÀ`mM
~mOycm H$m°{_H$ ZmdmM§ Jmd Amho. hr añË`mZ§ OmoS>cocr OJmVbr gdm©V
C§Mmdarb {R>H$mU§ _mZcr OmVmV. `mnydu cS>mI_Yrc ImXþ©ëbm ho gdm©V
C§Mrdarc {R>H$mU _mZc§ Om`M§, na§Vw AmVm hm _mZ H$m°{_H$cm {_imcm Amho.
W§S>rV hm gd© n[aga ~\$m©Z§ AmÀN>mXcocm AgVmo Am{U {h_{~~im hm Xþ{_©i
n«mUr nmhÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ OU `m {R>H$mUr `oVmV. `m {R>H$mUr nydr© >_moR>çm
à_mUmV Ordmí_XoIrc AmT>iV AgV. n«mMrZ H$mir hm gd© n[aga g_wÐmÀ`m
Vimer hmoVm Am{U {h_mc`mÀ`m {Z{_©Vr~amo~a AmVm EdT>çm C§M {R>H$mUr Amcm
Amho. ho Ë`m Ordmí_m§_wio {gÜX Pmc§ Amho. _Yë`m H$mimV `m Ordmí_m§Mr
Aúmae: cyQ> H$aÊ`mV Amcr. AmVm {VW§ Ordmí_ A^mdmZ§M {_iVmV.
`m gd© n[agamV Amåhmcm W§S> hdoVrc dmid§Q>r H$moëhm, dac hr O§Jcr
_o§T>rMr OmV Am{U {J«\$m°Z hr A{VC§Mrdarc {JYmS>mMr EH$ OmV `mgma»`m
Xw{_©i àmÊ`mM§ Xe©Z Pmc§. BW§ AZoH$ JmoS>çm nmÊ`mMr VirXoIrc AmhoV. \$ŠV
Vr nmhÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`mcm {J`m©amohUmMm AmYma ¿`mdm cmJVmo. EdT>çm
C§Mrdarc hdoV Am°{ŠgOZM§ à_mU H$_r Agë`mZ§ S>m|Jamda MT>-CVma H$aVmZm
Vw_À`m emar[aH$ úm_Vm§Mm H$g cmJVmo. {VWyZ naVVmZm nrZ ZXrÀ`m H$mR>mZ§
OmD$Z VoWrc {ZgJ© nmhÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm, na§Vw ½co{e`aMm ~\©$ añË`mV
Amë`mZo Am_M§ dmhZ \$ma nwT>o OmD$ eH$c§ Zmhr. Ë`m_wio ZmB©cmOmñVd Vm~mo
BW§ _wŠH$m_r naV Amcmo. `m n[agamVrc eodQ>À`m {Xder Amåhr Vm~mo `oWrc
_m°ZoñQ´>rcm ^oQ> {Xcr. hr A{Ve` àmMrZ Am{U ^ì` Aer _m°ZoñQ´r gnmQ>
O{_Zrda Amho. ~mH$s gd© ~wÜX _m°ZoñQ´>r `m C§M S>m§oJam§da AgVmV. hr _m°ZoñQ´>r
~wÜX Y_m©À`m X¥îQ>rZo IynM _hÎdmMr Amho. BW§ H$m`_ñdê$nr _wŠH$m_ H$aÊ`mMm
XcmB© cm_m§Mm {dMma Amho. BW§ ~wÜXM[aÌmMr A{Ve` gw§Xa n|[Q>§½O Am{U
hñV{c{IV§ nmhm`cm {_iVmV. gdm©V doJionU åhUOo `mÀ`m AmV n«doe
Ho$ë`mda g_moaM Amnë`mcm JUnVrMr _yVu {XgyZ `oVo. N>m`m{MÌUmgmR>r
A{Ve` CËH¥$îQ> Agm hm n[aga Agë`mZo BWo nwÝhm `m`M§M, Agm {ZíM`
H$ê$ZM naVrÀ`m àdmgmcm cmJcmo.
(boIH "Or{dYm' `m n`m©daUdmXr
g§ñWoMo g§MmbH$ AmhoV.)
··
the dazed man who was sitting the wheel. The
driver was silent for a moment, then pointed toward
the backseat. “Wife fell asleep”, he said.
  a{ddma, 27 {S>g|~a 2020

"J«±Q> amoS>'Mr Q>m°H$sO§ àojH$m§À`m ga{_gi éMrMm Aä`mg, g§emoYZ H$amdo Aer EH$ "emim' Amho. Ë`m emim§Mm Aä`mg hoM EH$ _ñVrM§ _Zmoa§OZ Amho. ~m°{bdyS>Mohr
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g§ñH¥$Vr _§S>imMo gXñ` hmoVo. gm{hË` {dhma g§ñWobm g§_obZmgmR>r AZwXmZ ^maVÀ`m g_mOerb àd¥ÎmrÀ`m g§nmXH$m§Zr _bm {Xbr Ë`m~Ôb Ë`m§Zm {ddoH$s VéU KS>{dÊ`mEodOr gdmª_Ü`o {ddoH$ d MoVZm OmJ¥V H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ COiyZ Q>mH$m`Mm Amho. `m ZddfmªV gJù`m§Zr EH$ g§H$ën AmdOy©Z H$am`Mm,
{_imbo. Am_À`m AmQ>moŠ`mVë`m g^mJ¥hmÀ`m emoYmV Amåhr hmoVmo. hm{X©H$ YÝ`dmX Úmdogo dmQ>Uo hr ñdm^m{dH$. `m gXmamVyZ H$aÊ`mV Ambm. Ý`y EÁ`wHo$eZ nm°{bgr_wio `oË`m H$mhr dfmªV \$ma Vmo åhUOo _r ñdV… gH$mamË_H$, AmemdmXr d AmZ§Xr amhUma Amho. Amnbo ào_
dm_Zamdm§Zm hr Jmoï> H$ibr. Ë`m§Zr ñdV… \$moZ H$ê$Z _bm g^mJ¥hmMr AOyZhr Iyn bmoH$m§~Ôb {bhm`Mo` Amho d g§Yr {_imë`mg Z¸$s _moR>o pñWË`§Va AmnU AZw^dUma AmhmoV. geŠV {dMmagaUrMm `wdmdJ© V`ma d ñZoh gXm d¥qÕJV hmodmo {hM§ g{XÀN>m.
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  a{ddma, 27 {S>g|~a 2020

1971 _Ü`o Pmboë`m ~m§JbmXoe `wÕmV nm{H$ñVmZÀ`m bîH$ambm 14 {Xdgm§V eaU AmUVmZm \$rëS> _me©b g°_ _mUoH$em§Zr {ZYm©a, I§~ra d¥Îmr `m JwUm§Mm n[aM`
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_mUoH$em°, \$rëS> _me©b hm gdm}ƒ gÝ_mZ 12 aUJmSo> AmhoV. ZdrZ ~Q>m{b`ZZm Q´>oqZJ `wÕH$mimV g¡Ý`mMo `wÕmV AZoH$ A{^Zd S>mdnoMmMm g¡Ý`mZo nm§T>ao {ZemU \$S>H$mdbo. H$_rV H$_r aº$ Pmbo. g°_ `m§À`m A§Ë`g§ñH$mambm H$moUVmhr
{_i{dUmao ^maVr` bîH$amV n{hbo A{YH$mar XoÊ`mMr JaO hmoVr. aUJmSo> Am{U BVa AOyZ dmna Pmbm. Ogo Xwgè`m _hm`wÕmZ§Va gm§SyZ `wÜX qOH$Uo `mbmM Hw$eb `wÜX ZoV¥Ëd amOH$s` ZoVm CnpñWV am{hbm Zmhr qH$dm amîQ´>r`
hmoVo. 1971 _Ü`o nm{H$ñVmZer Pmboë`m `wÕmV OmñV `wÕgm_J«r ~Z[dÊ`mMr JaO hmoVr. ZoV¥Ëd àW_M Q>m§Job_Ü`o ^maVr` åhUVmV. T>mH$m ehamV 94 hOma g¡{ZH$m§Zr XwIdQ>mhr Omhra H$aÊ`mV Ambm Zmhr, hr amîQ´>r`
Ë`m§Zr bîH$amMo ZoV¥Ëd Ho$b§ hmoV§. "g°_ ~hmXya' `m XméJmoim nwaogm Zmhr, g¡Ý`mMr AZoH$ eñÌo ñno`a nm{H$ñVmZr hdmB© g¡Ý`mMm E`a S´>m°n AmË_g_n©U Ho$bo hmoVo. emoH$m§{H$H$mM åhUmdr bmJob.
ZmdmZohr Vo n[a{MV AmhoV. nmQ²©g Zgë`m_wio ZmXwéñV AmhoV. WmoS>çm XbmMm 3 H$aÊ`mV Ambm. _mUoH$em `m§Mo `wÕ H$m¡eë` nU Vmo XoemMm An_mZ hmoVm. H$maU
_bm JmT>dmZo bmW _mabr {Xdgm§Zr _mÝgyZMm nmD$g gwê$ Pmë`mda ZÚm§Zm {S>g|~abm ho{bH$m°ßQ>aÀ`m _mUoH$em° ho gJù`m ^m¡{VH$ gwImÀ`m nwîH$i nwT>o
nya `oD$ eH$Vmo. Vgo Pmë`mg ~§Jbm XoemV bT>mB© AMmZH$ hëbm _XVrZo Am{U ZoV¥Ëd hmoVo. g¡{ZH$m§À`m Am{U Xoedmgr`m§À`m _Zm_Ü`o
Xwgè`m _hm`wÕmVrb OnmZ ~amo~arb ~_m© eŠ` Zmhr. V`mar H$aÊ`mH$[aVm g¡Ý`mbm H$_rV Pmbm. Ë`m§Zr _wŠVr ~m{hZr hm ~§Jmbr g¡{ZH$m§Mm Ë`m§Mo ñWmZ AQ>i Amho. {Zd¥ÎmrZ§Va Vo g¡Ý`mÀ`m
`wÕmV, n°JmoS>m {hëgda Vm~m {_i[dVmZm H$_r Zmoìh|~a _{hÝ`mn`ªV doi nm{hOo. `mM Ë`mdoiobm EH$ H$_m§S>mo {d^mJ ~Zdbm, Á`m_Ü`o hOmamo doJdoJù`m à{ejU H|$Ðm§Zm ^oQ> XoV am{hbo Am{U
_mUoH$em° `m§À`m earamV gmV Jmoù`m Kwgë`m. H$mimV {h_mb`mV ~\©$ nS>ë`m_wio MrZ n§VàYmZ ~§Jmbr g¡{ZH$m§Zm Q´>oqZJ XoD$Z nm{H$ñVmZr `wÕ ZoV¥Ëd `m {df`mda Ë`m§Mo Q´>oqZJ H$arV am{hbo.
bT>mB©V AVwbZr` namH«$_ JmOdV AgVmZm Vo nm{H$ñVmZMr _XV H$ê$ eH$Uma Zmhr Am{U {MZr g¡Ý`mÀ`m {déÕ H$madmB© H$aÊ`mH$[aVm V`ma 1988 _Ü`o ñQ>m\$ H$m°boO_Ü`o doqb½Q>Z `oWo
J§^raarË`m OI_r Pmbo. eñÌ{H«$`m H$jmV gr_odaVr Agbobo ^maVr` g¡Ý` B©ñQ> H$aÊ`mV Ambo. _wŠVr ~m{hZrZo `wÕmV Mm§Jbo H$m_ à{ejU H$arV AgVmZm _bm _mUoH$em `m§Mo `wÜX
Zoë`mZ§Va OJÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm H$_rM Agë`m_wio nm{H$ñVmZ_Ü`o AmH«$_H$ H$madmB©H$[aVm dmnaVm 1971 `wÕmVrb `emMo gdm©V _moR>o {eënH$ma Ho$bo. \$rëS> _me©b _mUoH$em° ho ñdV§Ì ^maVmÀ`m ZoV¥Ëd `m {df`mdarb {dMma EoH$Ê`mMr g§Yr
VoWrb gO©ZZr _r Vw_Mr eñÌ{H«$`m H$aUma Zmhr, `oB©b. B{VhmgmÀ`m _Ybo gdm©V `eñdr Ago goZmZr {_imbr. Ë`m_wio Iyn {eH$Vm Ambo. Vmo EH$
Ago _moR>çm AmdmOmV gm§{JVbo. EdT>çmV
_mUoH$em° ewÕrda Ambo hmoVo. åhUyZ {VWyZ
OmÊ`mnydu gO©ZZr Ë`m§Zm {dMmabo H$s, Aer
^maVr` g¡Ý`mda amOH$s` ZoV¥ËdmMm àM§S>
X~md hmoVm H$s, `wÕ bJoM E{àb _{hÝ`m_Ü`o gwê$
H$amdo. na§Vw g°_ _mUoH$em° `m§Zr gm§{JVë`mZ§Va
\$rëS> _me©b "g°_ _mUoH$em°' hmoVo. `wÕ aUZrVrMr CÎm_ OmU, Hw$R>ë`mhr
{df`mMm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm, amOH$s`
ZoV¥Ëdmbm {Z^uS>nUo gëbm XoÊ`mMr qh_V, g¡{ZH$s
A{dñ_aUr` Agm AZw^d hmoVm.
1971 _Ü`o Pmboë`m ~m§JbmXoe `wÕmV
nm{H$ñVmZÀ`m bîH$ambm 14 {Xdgm§V eaU
AdñWm Vw_Mr H$em_wio Pmbr? ZwH$VoM ewÜXrda H$mhr VWmH${WV VÁkm§Zr `m§À`m{déÕ EH$ Am{U g§ajU _§Ìr ho {Xëbr_Ü`o ZìhVo. _mUoH$em° ~§JbmXoe_Yë`m ZÚm nma H$aUo qH$dm _moR>çm _yë`mda {Zð>m, Amnë`m g¡{ZH$m§Zm bT>mB©H$[aVm AmUVmZm \$rëS> _me©b g°_ _mUoH$em§Zr {ZYm©a,
Ambobo _mUoH$em° åhUmbo, "_bm JmT>dmZo bmW AnàMma _mohr_ gwê$ Ho$br. `m§Zr ñdV…À`m A§Jmda O~m~Xmar KoD$Z bT>mB© ehamOdi Agboë`m {H$ëë`m§da hëbm Z H$aVm _Zmo~b dmT>[dÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` Ago AZoH$ n¡by I§~ra d¥Îmr `m JwUm§Mm n[aM` {Xbm. AmOn`ªV
_mabr åhUyZ _mPr hr AdñWm Pmbr'. _aUmÀ`m Voìhm g°_ _mUoH$em° `m§Zr Amnë`m nXmMm gwê$ H$aÊ`mMo hþHy$_ {Xbo. hm {ZU©` Ë`m§Mm Ë`m§À`m _mJo OmD$Z Ë`m§Mm naV Om`Mm añVm Ë`m§Zr 1971 À`m `wÕm_Ü`o XmI[dbo. H$moUË`mhr ^maVr` bîH$ar A{YH$mè`mbm {OVH$s
XmamV AgVmZm Ë`m§Mo CÎma EoHy$Z gO©Zbm YŠH$m amOrZm_mhr XoD$ Ho$bm hmoVm. B§{Xam Jm§YtZr ñdV:À`m H$V¥©Ëdm~ÔbMm AmË_{dídmg XmIdVmo. AS>[dUo BË`mXr. ~m§JbmXoe_Ü`o ^maVr` g¡Ý`mMr nm{H$ñVmZr g¡Ý`mMr eaUmJVr nËH$am`bm bmoH${à`Vm {_imbr Zmhr, {VVH$s bmoH${à`Vm
~gbm d Ë`m§Mr bT>mD$ d¥Îmr ~KyZ Ë`m§Zr _mUoH$em° `m§À`m amOrZmå`mMm àñVmd ZmH$maV nm{H$ñVmZr g¡Ý`mZo VËH$m{bZ B©ñQ> nm{H$ñVmZÀ`m doJmZo hmbMmb H$aÊ`mH$[aVm KmoSo>, [ajm, _mUoH$em° `m§Zr ñdV… Omdo, Ago B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§Zm _mUoH$em `m§Zm {_imbr. AWm©V Ë`m§À`m `wÕ
eñÌ{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm. eñÌ{H«$`m gaH$maZo AmVm H$m` H$amdo, Agm gëbm _m{JVbm. _moR>çm eham§Mo ajU {H$ëë`mgmaIr aMZm ~¡bJmS>çm Am{U Aem AZoH$ A{^Zd dmhZm§Mm dmQ>V hmoVo, na§Vw hm _mZ OZab OJOrV qgJ H$m¡eë` Am{U ZoV¥Ëd JwUm§_wioM. `wÕmV O`-
`eñdr Pmbr. B{Vhmg KS>bm. `wÕ-^y_rdarb Ë`mda g°_ _mUoH$em° `m§Zr B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§Zm (strong point defences) H$ê$Z H$aÊ`mMo dmna Ho$ë`m_wio Am[U g¡Ý`mÀ`m AmH«$_H$ Aamoam `m§Mm Amho åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr OmÊ`mMo ZmH$mabo namO`mMr {ZpíMVr hmoVo Vr, goZmnVtZr
em¡`m©gmR>r Ë`m§Zm {_{bQ>ar H«$m°g XoD$Z Jm¡a[dÊ`mV {dO`mMr ImÌr {Xbr. _mÌ, Ë`mgmR>r amOH$s` d R>a[dbo hmoVo. na§Vw `wÕ gwê$ ìhm`À`m H$mhr _{hZo H$madmB©_wio B©ñQ> nm{H$ñVmZ_Yrb nm{H$ñVmZr Am{U Amnë`m _ZmMm _moR>onUm XmI[dbm. AmIboë`m `wÕZrVrda. eÌyMr V`mar OmoIyZ
Ambo hmoVo. Hw$R>bmhr hñVjon Z H$aVm g¡{ZH$s nÜXVrZo `wÕ AmYr B©ñQ> nm{H$ñVmZÀ`m gr_odarb ~m°S©>a g¡Ý` ho ^m§~mdyZ Jobo Am{U Hw$R>ohr Ë`m§Zm Mm§Jë`m godm{Zd¥ÎmrZ§Va Ë`mà_mUo `wÕZrVr AmIUmao _mUoH$em EH$
Vwåhr `wÕmbm V`ma AmhmV H$m? bT>Ê`mMr _moH$irH$ Úmdr. B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§Zr g°_ nmoñQ²gda ^maVr` g¡Ý`mZo gßQ>|~anmgyZ Mwno hëbo nÕVrZo bT>mB© H$aVm Ambr Zmhr. goZmnVr hmoVo.
_mUoH$em° `m§Mm hm àñVmd _mÝ` Ho$bm Am{U EH$ Ho$ë`m_wio nm{H$ñVmZbm Amnbo g¡Ý` _moR>çm H$_r aº$ gm§Sy> Z `wÜX qOH$Umao `wÜX ZoÌwËd. 1972 _Ü`o _mUoH$em° `m§Zm nÙ{d^yfU hm (boIH$ g§ajU{df`H$ VÁk AmhoV.)
1971 _Ü`o ^maVmÀ`m VËH$mbrZ n§VàYmZ _moR>m {dO` {_i[dÊ`mV Ambm. lr_Vr B§{Xam eham§nmgyZ H$mTy>Z gr_oda AmUmdo bmJbo. `m Iao åhQ>bo Va eaUmJVrÀ`m doir nm{H$ñVmZ gÝ_mZ d \$rëS> _me©b hm a±H$ {_imbm. nU
B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§Zr _mM© _{hÝ`mV g°_ _mUoH$em° Jm§Yter Ë`m§Mm S>m`aoŠQ> {_bmn Agë`m_wio S>mdnoMm_wio nm{H$ñVmZr g¡Ý` Zm gr_odaVr Zm g¡Ý`mMr `wÜX j_Vm em~yV hmoVr Am[U Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Zm \$rëS> _me©b `m nXmMm nJma {ZYZmÀ`m ··
ëbr `oWo gwê$ Agboë`m eoVH$ar Am§XmobZmVrb EH$ EH$M g_mZ Jmoï> Amho Vr åhUOo ho gJio H$maImZo Amnë`mbm
{X _hÎdmMm _wÔm Amho H$m°ÊQ´>°ŠQ>> \$m{_ªJMm! `mbm ho
Am§XmobH$ eoVH$ar åhUV AmhoV "H$m°nm}aoQ> \$m{_ªJ.' H$m°ÊQ´>°ŠQ>> \$m{_ªJ AmOM Ambo H$m? bmJUmè`m Vob{~`m§_Yrb ~amMgm ^mJ Iwë`m ~mOmamVyZ
{dH$V Z KoVm gai eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z H$ama H$ê$Z {dH$V KoVmV.
_{hbm§g§X^m©V
hm eãX OmUyZ~wOyZ dmnabm OmV Amho Am{U `mM eãXmÀ`m `mH$[aVm Ë`m§Zr eoVH$è`m§gmo~V H$ama Ho$bo AmhoV. Vo
AmSy>Z A§~mZr§À`m [abm`Ýg Am{U AS>mUr J«wnda ~{hîH$ma
dJ¡ao Q>mH$m`Mr ^mfm Ho$br OmV Amho. _mÌ, EHy$U `m H$m°ÊQ´>°ŠQ> noßgrH$mo H§$nZr Ë`m§Zm ~Q>mQ>çmMo ~r, hmoVr Am{U Ë`mMr {dH«$s Vo eoVH$ar Iwë`m
eoVH$è`m§Zm ~r-{~`mUo, IVo, H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ nwadVmV, eoVH$s
g_ñ`m Xya H$aVmV. Ë`m ~Xë`mV eoVH$è`m§Mo CËnÞ {dH$V
g_H$mbrZ {dMma (nmZ 3 dê$Z)
\$m{_ªJ~Ôb `m Am§XmobH$ eoVH$è`m§Mr OmU EH$Va IarM H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$, IVo CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVo, ~mOmamV H$am`Mm à`ËZ, {deofV… KoVmV. Ë`mMm `mo½` _mo~Xbm XoVmV. gmo`rgw{dYm§da {Z^©a AgVo. _{hbm§Zm H$m`©ñWir
~mi~moY Amho qH$dm _wÔm_ ~mi~moY dŠVì`o H$aV ho Am§XmobH$ gmo~V doimodoir eoVrgëbm XoVo noßgrH$mo H§$nZrÀ`m ñnY©H$ H§$nÝ`m§Zm IaoVa [abm`Ýg \«o$e qH$dm â`wMa J«wn `m Y§ÚmV Iyn OmÊ`mgmR>r àdmg H$amdm bmJVmo, H$m_mVhr CËH¥$îQ>
eoVH$ar XoemÀ`m OZVoMr {Xem^yb H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZVar H$aV Am{U V`ma Pmbobm g§nyU© ~Q>mQ>m H$am`Mm à`ËZ H$aV hmoVo, åhUyZ C{eam Ambo. Ë`mVhr ho XmoÝhr J«wn AÞà{H«$`m Z H$aVm amhm`Mo AgVo Am{U KaÀ`m O~m~Xmè`mhr nma
AmhoV, Ago {XgVo. {dH$VnU KoVo. `m_wio eoVH$ar noßgrH$moZo `m eoVH$è`m§da Xmdm {dH$VmV, H$aV Agbo Var darb H§$nÝ`m§g_moa ho Iyn ZJÊ` nmS>mì`m bmJVmV. ho EH$ àH$mao AZoH$ OÝ_m§MoM H$m_
Am{U noßgrH$mo H§$nZr XmoKm§Zmhr R>moH$bm hmoVm. na§Vw, Amnbo AmhoV. ~ao, eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z WoQ> _mb KoUmè`m da {Xboë`m AgVo. "AîQ>mdYmZr' hm eãX IamoIaM _{hbm§ZmM
· _hoe d¡Ú/8087241851 \$m`Xm hmoV Amho. AmVm Va `m amOH$s` B©pßgV gm§^miVmZm AmhoV BVŠ`mM H§$nÝ`m AmhoV H$m? Va Zmhr. ^maVmVrb bmJy hmoVmo. H$m_H$mOr _{hbm ^mdZm, AmH$m§jm Am{U
H$m°ÊQ´>° ŠQ> \$m{_ªJMr ì`már H$ama_Xma, H$m`Xo `m§Zm Z gJù`mV _moR>r AÞà{H«$`m H$aUmar H§$nZr åhUOo JmoXaoO! H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ O~m~Xmè`m `m§À`mV EH$ CËH¥$îQ> g§VwbZ
H$m°ÊQ´>°ŠQ> \$m{_ªJ, hm H$m`Xm `m`À`m AJmoXanmgyZ XoemV CÎmaàXoemV Pmbr Amho. Ago Ow_mZUmè`m S>mì`m H§$nyZo `m Vwåhr ^maVmV _°H²$S>modbMo ~J©a Im qH$dm Jmobr dS>mnmdMm gmYV AgVmV. Ë`m_wio {Vbm nmqR>~m {Xbm nm{hOo
gwê$ Amho. 90 _Ü`o Ooìhm OmJ{VH$sH$aU AmnU ñdrH$mabo, Zmhr H$s `mV dmXmMo _wÔo Ambo àH$aUmV H§$nZrMr ~XZm_r gwê$ dS>m, `m XmoÝhrÀ`m AmV_Yrb {Q>ŠH$s qH$dm ~Q>mQ>mdS>m V`ma Am{U {VÀ`m `m H$m`m©Mo H$m¡VwH$hr Pmbo nm{hOo. na§Vw,
Voìhm VËH$mbrZ gaH$maZo dŠVì` Ho$bo hmoVo H$s, `m ZmhrV, g_ñ`m Cä`m am{hë`m Ho$br. EH$sH$So> H§$nZr Am{U H$aVo hrM JmoXaoO H§$nZr. BVHo$M Zmhr, Va ^maVmVrb AZoH$ Oa Hw$Qw>§~mZo Am{U g_mOmZo ho g_OyZ KoVbo Zmhr
OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÛmao Amåhr XoemV H$m°åß`wQ>a {Mßg ~Zdy, Z H$s ZmhrV. nU, Voìhm Voìhm amÁ` gaH$ma ho àH$aU gm_§Oñ`mZo ñQ´>rQ> \y$S> ñQ>moa Am{U N>moQ>o-_moR>o ImÚnXmW© ì`mdgm{`H$ `mM Am{U {VÀ`m nmR>rer C^o am{hbo Zmhr, Va Á`mà_mUo
nmoQ>°Q>mo {Mßg! AmVm, XoemV H$m°åß`wQ>a {Mßg ~Zdm`Mm gaH$ma Am{U H|$Ð gaH$maZo àË`oH$ gmoS>dm`Mm à`ËZ H$aV AgVmZmM, H§$nZrMo "aoS>r Qy> BQ>' Am{U "aoS>r Qy> Hy$H$' CËnmXZo dmnaV AZoH$ {dH${gV Xoem§_Ü`o AZw^dmbm `oV Amho Vgo, `m
H$maImZm Ambm Zmhr, Vmo H$m `oD$ eH$bm Zmhr hm doJim doiog _Ü`ñWr H$aV eoVH$è`m§Zm ^maVmV S>mdo _mÌ MwH$sÀ`m bmoH$m§Mr gmW XoV hmoVo. Amnë`m ì`dgm`mVrb l_ dmMdV AmhoV. ~ao, Ago CËnmXZ {e{jV Am{U Amnbr H$maH$sX© KS>{dÊ`mg BÀNw>H$
{df` Amho. Ë`mMm D$hmnmoh BWo Zmhr. _mÌ, nmoQ>°Q>mo {Mßg _mÌ Ý`m` {_idyZ {Xbm Amho. {deof H$m°ÊQ´>°ŠQ> _mÌ, Vo eoVH$ar Am{U H§$nZrZo AmngmV H$ama H$aUmar JmoXaoO EH$Q>r Zmhr`o, "E_Q>rAma'gma»`m _{hbm _mV¥Ëdmbm nwT>o T>H$bÊ`mMr qH$dm Vo nyU©V:
XoemV _moR>çm à_mUmda ~ZdUmè`m Am§Vaamï´>r` H§$nÝ`m XmIb åhUOo ho gJio eoVH$ar _Ü`_ \$m{_ª J qH$dm H$aV `m àH$aUmda nS>Xm Q>mH$bm. noßgrH$mo H§$nZrZo `m ZmdmOboë`m H§$nÝ`m§gmo~V AZoH$ ñWmZr` ~«°ÊS> `mH$[aVm Q>miÊ`mMr \$ma _moR>r eŠ`Vm Amho.
Pmë`m. `m Amboë`m _moR>çm H§$nZrVrb EH$ Zmd åhUOo Am{U Aën ^yYmaH$ AmhoV Am{U Mmahr eoVH$è`m§Zm Amnë`m H$amamV gm_mdyZ KoVbo Am{U CËnmXZ H$aV AmhoV. Ago Zmhr H$s, gJù`mM H§$nÝ`m§Zr WoQ> ehamVrb ~è`mM _{hbm {H$aH$moi XþH$mZo, noQ´>mob
noßgrH$mo! Ë`m§À`m O{_Zr AOyZ H$m°nm}aoQ> \$m{_ªJMm Ý`m`mb`mV Ho$bobm XmdmnU _mJo KoVbm. `m H$m_mV JwOamV eoVH$è`m§gmo~V H$ama Ho$bo AmhoV åhUyZ, nU `mn¡H$s ~è`mM ñQ>oeÝg, KaJwVr H$m_o VgoM añVo d B_maVr
hr H§$nZr ^maVmV Ambr Voìhm {VZo "bha noßgr' ZmdmZo Ë`m§À`mOdiM AmhoV, _mÌ n¡gmnU B{Vhmg... gaH$ma Am{U H|$Ð gaH$ma eoVH$è`m§À`m ~mOyZo C^o am{hbo H§$nÝ`m§Zr eoVH$è`m§gmo~V H$ama H$aV, Amnë`mbm hdm Vgm ~m§YH$m_mgma»`m emar[aH$ _ohZVrÀ`m H$m_mV
erVno` Am{U "bha {Mßg' ~mOmamV AmUbo hmoVo. AmO Vwåhr `mo½` à_mUmV {_iV Amho. hmoVo, _mÌ Ë`m§Mr MyH$nU Ë`m§À`m bjmV AmUyZ {Xbr hmoVr, ho H$ƒm _mb {_idV AmhoV. eoVH$è`m§Mm \$m`Xm H$ê$Z XoV AgVmV. J«m_rU ^mJmV, gy`m}X`mnmgyZ Vo
Oo "boO' ZmdmZo {_iUmao ~Q>mQ>çmMo {Mßg ImVm Vo `mM gmYmaU XrS>-XmoZ dfmªnydu Amnë`m _hÎdmMo. AmhoV. gy`m©ñVmn`ªV _{hbm H§$~aVmoS> H$m_mV ì`ñV AgVmV.
H§$nZrMo! Va noßgrH$moZo ^maVmV Amnbo ~ñVmZ ~gdë`mda VWmH${WV eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm§Mr {deofV… S>mì`m {dMmaH$m§Mr ~ao, Vwåhmbm XoemV \$ŠV$ noßgrH$moM Ago H$m°ÊQ´>°ŠQ> Voìhm _yR>^a eoVH$ar Oo \$ŠV gaH$mabm Amnbm _mb eoVrg§~§Yr gd© OmoS>Y§Xo Ogo, Xþ½YmoËnmXZ, newnmbZ
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H$Xm{MV! nU, `mMm H$mhrhr Cn`moJ hmoUma Zmhr. Á`m amhþb ·· ··
  a{ddma, 27 {S>g|~a 2020

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B©.E_.Eg. Zå~wÐrnmX `m S>mì`m ZoË`mZoM History Of Indian
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gZ 694 _Ü`o ~§JmbÀ`m ^y_rda Am{X _ëb ZmdmÀ`m gm°åñH¥$Vra nQ>^y{_Ho$ {~îUwnwaoa _§{Xa (^maVmÀ`m ~§Jmbr IoS>çm§VyZ gVV {XgUma§ ~m§~yÀ`m Mm¡H$moZr `m§Zr nmR>çH«$_ {ZYm©[aV H$am`Mm Am{U Vmo Amnë`m {dÚmb`o d
amOmZ§ _ëb amOd§emMr gwédmV Ho$br Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a {eëng§ñH¥$VrMm Ama§^q~Xy {dîUwnyaMo _§{Xa) Zm_H$ gm§JmS>çm§da _mS>mÀ`m qH$dm VmS>mÀ`m Pmdù`m emH$mabob§, _hm{dÚmb`m§Zr A§{JH$mam`Mm, Ago dfm©Zwdf} MmbV Ambo. `mV {H$_mZ nmM
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A{YnË`mImbr AgUmè`m ~m§Hw$am, Am|S>m, {~îUwnya, _moëSo>S> Q>oamH$moQ>m \$aem§Mm dmna Ym{_©H$ (Xodi§) Am{U AgVmo. `m PmonS>rgÑe {eIamÀ`m A{^H$ënm ({S>PmB©Z) `mMr XmoZ CXmhaUo XoVmo åhUOo {dÚmb`rZ nmR>çH«$_mVrb T>dimT>di
H$moQw>bnya, B§Xg `m ^y^mJmgh, CÎmaobm g§Wmb naJUm Vo nyd© AYm{_©H$ (goŠ`wba) dmñVy§À`m ~møq^VtÀ`m gOmdQ>rH$[aVm bm Mb (Cƒmar Mm°b) Ag§ åhUVmV. EH$ PmonS§> Agob Va bjmV `oB©b. npíM_ ~§Jmb _mÜ`{_H$ {ejU _§S>imMo n[anÌH$ H«$. 1891
_o{XZrnya Am{U npíM_ _o{XZrnyan`ªV Am{U nyd}bm ~Y©_mZ H$aÊ`mV `oVmo. EH$Mb, XmoZ AgVrb Va XmoMb qH$dm OmoS>~§Jbm, Mma {XZm§H$ 28 E{àb 1989 _Ü`o åhQ>bo Amho, npíM_ ~§Jmb gaH$maÀ`m
Am{U npíM_obm N>moQ>m ZmJnyaMm H$mhr ^mJ `oV Ago. g_«mQ> g_wÐJwßVm§À`m H$mimnmgyZ {~îUwnyaÀ`m n[agamV AgVrb Va MmaMb. Mbm§À`m _Ü`^mJr daÀ`m nmVirda _mÝ`VmàmßV _mÜ`{_H$ emimà_wIm§Zm H$i[dÊ`mV `oVo H$s, _§S>imZo
Ë`m_wio ~§JmbÀ`m Eo{Vhm{gH$ XñVmdoOmV `m àXoembm bmoH$ g§ñH¥$Vr Zm§XV Agë`mMr Zm|X Amho. Ë`mV `m {eIa AgV§. {eIambm aËZ åhUVmV, {eIambm {OVŠ`m {e\$mag Ho$boë`m ZddrÀ`m nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb _Ü``wJrZ H$mbI§S>mÀ`m
nmVù`m (_Obo) AgVmV {VVŠ`m aËZm§M§ {eIa åhUVmV. àH$aUmV Imbrb XwéñË`m VÁkm§À`m gw`mo½` MMm© Am{U AmT>mì`mZ§Va
gdm©{YH$ 25 aËZm§M§ (Cƒmar n§Mq^e{VaËZ) {eIa Amho. gwM[dÊ`mV `oV AmhoV. ZddrÀ`m B{VhmgmÀ`m nmR>çnwñVH$mMo boIH$ d
Am{U AWm©VM gdm©V _hÎdmM§ åhUOo Ë`m _¥Ê_` àH$meH$m§Zr `m XwéñË`m A§_bmV AmUmì`mV. `m AewÕ åhUOo MwH$sÀ`m
H$bmHw$garÀ`m q^Vr åhUOo EH$ AMmQ> Am{U A\$mQ> H$m_ ~m~r AmYrM àH$m{eV Pmboë`m àVt_Ü`o Agë`mg EH$ ewÕrnÌ OmoS>mdo.
Amho. àË`oH$ \$aerH$[aVm H$bmHw$garMm qH$dm àg§JmMm ewÕrnÌ Agbobr àV Aä`mgH«$_ H$m`m©b`mV 74, a\$s Ah_X {H$S>dmB©
gmMm V`ma H$aU§. Ë`mV Vr Amobr _mVr ^aU§, dmië`mda añVm, H$mobH$mVm-16 `oWo gmXa H$amdr.
^mOyZ H$mT>U§. gma§M H$g§ _yb^yV _mZdr H$m¡eë`mer Ë`mgmo~V Agboë`m nmZm§_Ü`o XmoZ aH$mZo AmhoV- AewÕ (MyH$) d ewÕ.
OmoS>bob§ Am{U Varhr {dbjU. `mda ZwgVr ZOa Q>mH$br Var H$iyZ `oVo H$s, ho nwamoJm_r bmoH$ dñVw{ZîR> d
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OmoS>~§Jbm _§{Xa : OmoS>boë`m XmoZ PmonS>çmgmaI§ A{^H$ën, Q>mB©ëgda amYm-H¥$îUmMr H$moard Zjr Va Xwgè`m {MÌmV åhUOo H$mR>mnXamMr aoe_r ~mbwMar gmS>r! H$mR>mda Agmo H$mhr ~Xb.
Q>oamH$moQ>m Q>mB©ëg bmJboë`m q^Vr ean§Oar nhþS>bobo ^rî_ {nVm_h H$s nXamda ^maVr` nwamUm§Vbo àg§J {dUbobo AgVmV. nwñVH$- ^maVH$Wm
H$Yr am_-grVoM§ ñd`§da, Va H$Yr am_-grVobm {XgUmam {Z{_©Vr= ~aÛmZ {ejU g§ñWm {ejH$m§Mm CnH«$_
_ëb^y_ / _r qH$dm _ëbXoe åhQ>bob§ Amho. ^mJmVë`m ñWm{ZH$ ZoË`mZ§ Vmo g_«mQ> g_wÐJwßVm§er EH${ZîR> {dîUw^º$s H$aUmè`m Jm¡S>r` d¡îUd _VmMm nwañH$ma Ho$bm H$m§MZ_¥J, Va H$Yr Ðm¡nXr ñd`§damV _Ëñ`^oX H$aUmam àH$meH$- gwI_` Xmg
_ëbeH$ 1236 åhUOo gZ 1930 _Ü`o amOJmXrda Agë`mM§ åhQ>b§ Amho. Ë`mZ§VaMm ~amMgm H$mi Am{U Ûmnma `wJmV Á`m d¥§XmdZmV lrH¥$îU Jmontgh AOw©Z Va H$Yr Hw$§VrÀ`m AmXoemZwgma Ðm¡nXrer b¾ H$aUmao n¥îR> 140 AewÕ- qgYyXoemVrb Aa~ qhXy§Zm H$m\$a åhUV ZìhVo,
{damO_mZ Pmbobo H$m{bnXqgh R>mHy$a ho Ë`m§À`m _¥Ë`yn`ªV AkmVdmgmV Kmbdë`mZ§Va gmYmaUnUo B.g. 7 ì`m amgbrbm H$aV, VoM d¥§XmdZ H${b`wJmV `m {~îUwnyabm nmM nm§S>d. `m {dUboë`m {MÌm§Mr e¡br VrM, Q>oamH$moQ>m Ë`m§Zr JmohË`oda ~§Xr KmVbr hmoVr.
(gZ 1983) `m amOd§emMo 61 do amOo hmoVo. åhUOo EHy$U eVH$mV ApñVËdmV Amboë`m _ëb amOdQ>rZ§ d¡îUd _VmMm àH$Q>b§ Aer Ë`m§Mr lÕm hmoVr. Ë`m_wio Vo {~îUwnyabm JwßV Q>mB©ëgda {XgUmar. ewÕ- Ë`m§Zr JmohË`oda ~§Xr KmVbr hmoVr, ho Jmimdo.
1289 dfmªMr AI§{S>V amOna§nam bm^bobm hm àm§V. `m Adb§~ Ho$ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m `m amOYmZrbm {dîUwnya d¥§XmdZ åhUV. Ë`m§À`m AZw`m`m§Zr VrM lÕm {ZË` R>odbr. {dîUw^ŠVrMr A{^ì`ŠVr Á`m Á`m åhUyZ _mÜ`_mVyZ n¥îR>> 141 AewÕ- Mm¡Wm _wÔm Agm H$s, qhXy _§{Xao CX²ÜdñV H$aUo
^mJmV Om§ä`m åhUOo b°Q>amB©Q> IS>H$mMr _mVrXoIrb ^anya Zmd {Xb§ Agmd§, Ag§ Aä`mgH$m§M§ _V Amho. BWë`m Ë`m§À`m à^mdm_wio nydm©nma MmbV Amboë`m BWë`m H$aVm `oB©b, Ë`m Ë`m _mÜ`_mVyZ H$ê$Z Vr bmoH$m{^_wI åhUOo AmH«$_H$ d¥ÎmrMm Am{dîH$ma hmoVm. nmMdm _wÔm, qhXy pñÌ`m§er
à_mUmV CnbãY Amho. gmYmaUnUo bmoh Am{U amOd§emZ§ d¡îUd _VmMm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a {dîUw^ŠVrbm A{YH$M \w$bmoam Ambm. ìhmdr `mH$[aVm haàH$mao à`ËZ `m _mVrV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. O~aXñVrZo b¾ H$am`Mo, na§Vw {ddmhmnydu Ë`m§Zm Bñbm_ Y_© ñdrH$mam`bm
A°ë`w{_[Z`_ `m YmVy I{ZOm§Mr aobMob Agbobm hm IS>H$ {d{dY emñÌ Am{U H$bm§Zm Aml` {Xbm. n[aUm_r lr{dîUy§À`m ^ŠVrV a_bobo BWbo amOo, Ë`m§Mr àOm `mMm àË`` nXmonXr XoUma§ {~îUwnya AmO `wZoñH$moZ§ bmdUo, hm Cbo_mÀ`m na§namdmXmMm àMma H$aÊ`mMm EH$ _mJ© hmoVm.
Am{U Vmo {dê$Z Pmboë`m _mVrMm a§J Mm§Jbm bmb AgVmo. ~§JmbÀ`m EHy$UM gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{U H$bm joÌmM§ H|$ÐñWmZ Am{U _mVrVyZ H$bmH¥$Vr gmH$maUmao H$bmd§V EH$m OmJ{VH$ dmagm åhUyZ Va ~mbwMar gmS>çm§Zm ^m¡Jmo{bH$ ewÕ- AewÕ aH$mÝ`mMr gwédmV Mm¡Wm _wÔm hr Aer hmoV Agbr, Var
nmÊ`mV {^Odë`mda bmoÊ`mgmaIr _D$ Am{U dmidyZ åhUyZhr {~îUwnya ~hê$ bmJb§. doJù`mM àH$maMr _§{Xa§ {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mV Jw§Vbr. Ë`mVbr _mZH$m§H$ ({OAmoJ«m{\$H$b B§{S>Ho$eZ) XoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. {ejU _§S>imZo g§nyU© _OHy$a JmiyZ Q>mH$mdm, Agm AmXoe {Xbm Amho.
^mOë`mda dO«mgmaIr H$R>rU hmoVo. åhUOo dO«mX{n Ûmnma`wJmV hmoD$Z Jobob§ _hfu ì`mgm§Zr {b{hboë`m AJXr gwédmVrMr _§{Xa§ bhmZ bhmZ _mVrÀ`m \$aem ^maVr` ^pŠV_mJm©À`m Jm¡S>r` d¡îUd na§naoM§ JwßV n¥îR> 141 AewÕ- VH©${ZîR> VÎdkmZmda AmYm[aV d OS>dmXr
H$R>moam{U _¥Xy{Z Hw$gw_mX{n (dO«mà_mUo H$R>moa Va O` ZmdmÀ`m B{VhmgmV åhUOo _hm^maVmV WoQ> Ðm¡nXr (Q>mB©ëg) OS>dboë`m q^Vr Agbobr AgV. _ëbamO dra d¥§XmdZ Agbob§, _mVr Agmo H$s aoer_ H$UmH$Um§V Am{U _wVm{Pbm Zmhrgm Pmbm. EH$sH$So> Hw$amU d hXrgda AmYm[aV _ybVÎddmXr
\w$bmgmaIo _¥Xy) `m CÎmaam_M[aV H$mì`m_Yë`m ñd`§damÀ`m àg§Jr n{hë`m§Xm Amnë`mbm ^oQ>Uma§ {Xì` h§~ra _ëbXod (B.g. 1565 - 1620) `m 49 ì`m Ym½`mYm½`m§V {dîUw^º$s àX{e©V H$aUma§ npíM_ ~m|JM§ {dMmagaUr...
CŠVrgmaIm ñd^md Amho. `mM JwUd¡{eîQ>çm_wio {~îUwnya ì`pŠV_Îd åhUOo lrH¥$îU. AmR>ì`m eVH$mV hmoD$Z _hmamOm§Zr {Xboë`m CXma àmoËgmhZmMm Am{U Jm¡S>r` d¡îUd _¥Ê_` {dîUwnya, Amnb§ AmUIr EH$ A{^_mZ ñWi! ewÕ- EH$sH$So> Hw$amU d hXrgda.... nmgyZ nwT>Mm ^mJ Jmimdm.
Am{U Amgnmg AmíM`© àH$Q>b§. Joboë`m H${dloð> O`Xodm§Zr JrVJmoqdX H$mì`mV `m _VmMm WoQ> n[aUm_ H$bmd§Vm§À`m A{^ì`ŠVrda Pmbobm (bo{IH$m g§dmXemñÌ, OZ_mÜ`_ Am{U
BWo gmÀ`mVyZ H$mT>boë`m Am{U gwH$ë`mda ^mOboë`m Eo{Vhm{gH$ lrH¥$îUm§Zm ^JdmZ lrH¥$îUmÀ`m ê$nmV a§Jdb§ {XgVmo. ^maVr` g§ñH¥${VemñÌ `m {df`mÀ`m Aä`mgH$ AmhoV.) (boIH$ ho "Am`wd}X dmMñn{V', ì`m»`mVo,
_mVrÀ`m dñVy V`ma H$aÊ`mM§ H$m¡eë` Joë`m {H$_mZ 1200 Am{U Vo lr{dîUy§Mo nyUm©dVma åhUyZ bmoH${à` PmboV. M¡VÝ` `m H$mbI§S>mV V`ma Pmboë`m _§{Xam§À`m ~møq^Vr
dfmªnmgyZ {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm OmonmgÊ`mV Ambob§ Amho. Ë`mV _hmà^y (B. g. 1486 - 1533) Zr lrH¥$îUm§À`m ê$nmV (\$gmS>) _moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m _werVyZ KS>[dboë`m _mVrÀ`m ·· B{Vhmg Aä`mgH$, amOH$s` g_rjH$ AmhoV.)
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