1

2. f ( x )=
x2
a=1
Punto
(1,1)
−2
f ' (x)=
x3
pendiente

f ' (1)=−2
Linealización
y−1=−2( x−1)
L ( x ) =3−2 x
f ( x ) ≈ 3−2 x
Gráfica

l ( x ) =3−2 X

1
f ( x )=
x2
 2. f ( x )=5 x+ e x−2

a=2
Punto
(2,11)

f ' ( x )=e x−2 +5

pendiente

f ' (2)=6
Linealización
y−11=6 (x−2)
L ( x ) =6 x−1
f ( x ) ≈ 6 x−1
Gráfica

f ( x )=5 x +e x−2

l ( x ) =6 x−1
 10. f ( x )=tan ⁡x

a=0
Punto
(0,0)

f ' ( x )=sec 2 x
pendiente

f ' (1)=1
Linealización
y−0=1( x−0)
L ( x ) =x
f (x)≈ x
Gráfica

f ( x )=tanx

l ( x ) =x
 14. f ( x )=√ x 2+ x + 4

a=0
Punto
(0,2)
2 x +1
f ' ( x )=
2 √ x 2+ x+ 4
pendiente

1
f ' (0)=
4
Linealización
1
y−2= (x−0)
4
1
L ( x ) = x +2
4
1
f (x)≈ x +2
4
Gráfica

f ( x )= √ x 2 + x+ 4

1
l ( x ) = x +2
4
 17( 1.01 )−2

función

f ( x )=1 /x 2
a=1
Punto
(1,1)
−2
f ' ( x )=
x3
pendiente

f ' ( 1 )=−2
Linealización
y−1=−2( x−1)
L ( x ) =3−2 x
f ( x ) ≈ 3−2 x
Gráfica

l ( x ) =3−2 X

1
f ( x )=
x2
 Aproximación lineal
f ( 1.01 ) ≈ 3−2 ( 1.01 )=0.98

Error=Valor verdadero−Valo aproximado

Error=f ( x )−l( x )
Error=0.980296049−0.98
Error=0.0002960591509

Gráfica

1
f ( x )=
x2

l ( x ) =3−2 X
 1
17
( 1.1 )3
función

f ( x )=( 1+2 x )−3

a=0
Punto
(0,1)
−6
f ' ( x )=
( 2 x +1 )4
pendiente

f ' ( 0 ) =−6
Linealización
y−1=−6( x −0)
L ( x ) =1−6 x
f ( x ) ≈ 1−6 x
Gráfica

l ( x ) =( 1+ 2 x )−3

f ( x )=1−6 x
 Aproximación lineal
1
f
(( ) )
1.1
3
≈ 1−6 ( 0.05 )=0.7

Error=Valor verdadero−Valoaproximado
Error=f ( x )−l( x )
Error=0.7513148−0.7
Error=0.001314800902

Gráfica

f ( x )=1−6 x

l ( x ) =( 1+ 2 x )−3
 28( 1.1 )3 +6 ( 1.1 )2

función

f ( x )=(1+ x)3 +6( 1+ x )2

a=0
Punto
(0,7)

f ' ( x )=3 ( x+ 1 )2+12( x +1)

pendiente

f ' ( 0 ) =15
Linealización
y−7=15( x −0)
L ( x ) =15 x +7
f ( x ) ≈ 15 x +7
Gráfica

l ( x ) =15 x +7

3 2
f ( x )=( 1+ x ) +6 ( 1+ x )
 Aproximación lineal
f ( 1.1 ) ≈ 15 x +7=8.5

Error=Valor verdadero−Valo aproximado

Error=f ( x )−l( x )
Error=8.591−8.5
Error=0.091

Gráfica

l ( x ) =15 x +7

3 2
f ( x )=( 1+ x ) +6 ( 1+ x )

π
28cos ( −0.4 )
2
 función
f ( x )=cosx
π
a=
2
Punto
π
( , 0)
2

f ' ( x )=−senx
pendiente

f' ( π2 )=−1
Linealización
y−0=−1( x −π /2)
π
L ( x ) = −x
2
π
f ( x ) ≈ −x
2
Gráfica

π
l ( x ) = −x
2

f ( x )=cosx
 Aproximación lineal

f ( π2 −0.4)≈ π2 −( π2 −0.4)=0.4
Error=Valor verdadero−Valo aproximado
Error=f ( x )−l( x )
Error=0.38941834−0.4
Error=−0.01058
Gráfica

f ( x )=cosx

π
l ( x ) = −x
2
 37 y= ( x +1 )2

f ( x )=x 2 +2 x+1
∆ y =f ( x +∆ x )−f (x)
2 2
∆ y =( x+ ∆ x ) +2 ( x+ ∆ x )+ 1−x −2 x−1
2 2 2
∆ y =x +2 x ∆ x+ ( ∆ x ) +2 x+ 2 ∆ x +1−x −2 x−1
2
∆ y =( ∆ x ) + 2 x ∆ x+ 2 ∆ x
f ' (x)=2 x +2

dy =f ' ( x ) dx
dy =(2 x+ 2) dx

∆ y =( ∆ x )2+ 2 x ∆ x+ 2 ∆ x y dy=( 2 x +2)∆ x

Difieren

( ∆ x )2

1
40 y=
x2
1
f ( x )=
x2
∆ y =f ( x +∆ x )−f (x)
1 1
∆ y= 2
− 2
( x +∆ x ) x

x 2−x 2−2 ( x ∆ x ) −( ∆ x )2
∆ y= 2
( (x + ∆ x ) x )
−2 ∆ x ( x +∆ x )
∆ y=
( x +∆ x )2 x 2
−2 ∆ x
∆ y= 2
(x+ ∆ x) x
−2
f ' (x)=
x3

dy =f ' ( x ) dx
2
dy =−( ) dx
x3
 −2 ∆ x 2
∆ y=
( x +∆ x ) x2
y dy =− 3 dx
x ( )
Difieren en el denominador

x 2 ( ∆ x )2
43 y=5 x 2

f ( x )=5 x 2
∆ y =f ( x +∆ x )−f (x)
2 2
∆ y =5 ( x + ∆ x ) −5 x
2 2 2
∆ y =5 x +10 x ∆ x + ( ∆ x ) −5 x
2
∆ y =10 x ∆ x + ( ∆ x )
f ' (x)=10 x

dy =f ' ( x ) dx
dy =(10 x) dx

∆ y =10 x ∆ x + ( ∆ x )2 y dy=(10 x)dx

Difieren

( ∆ x )2
Completando el cuadro

x ∆x ∆y dy ∆ y −dy

2 1 21 20 1

2 0.5 10.25 10 0.25

2 0.1 2.01 2 0.01

2 0.01 0.2001 0.2 0.0001

45 f ( x )=4 x 2+ 5 x +8

∆ y =f ( x +∆ x )−f (x)
2 2
∆ y =4 ( x + ∆ x ) +5 ( x+ ∆ x )+ 8−4 x −5 x−8
2 2 2
∆ y =4 x +8 x ∆ x+ 4 ( ∆ x ) +5 x+5 ∆ x +8−4 x −5 x−8
∆ y =4 ( ∆ x )2 +8 x ∆ x+ 5 ∆ x
f ' (x)=2 x +2

dy =f ' ( x ) dx
dy =(8 x +5)dx

∆ y =4 ( ∆ x )2 +8 x ∆ x+ 5 ∆ x y dy=(8 x+5) ∆ x
Difieren

4( ∆ x )2

Valores 1

x=4
∆ x=0.03
2
∆ y =4 ( ∆ x ) +8 x ∆ x+ 5 ∆ x

∆ y =4 ( 0.03 )2+ 8(4 )(0.03)+5 (0.03)

∆ y =1.1136
dy =(8 x +5)dx
dy =(8 (4)+5)(0.03)
dy =1.11
Valores 2

x=3
∆ x=0.1
2
∆ y =4 ( ∆ x ) +8 x ∆ x+ 5 ∆ x

∆ y =4 ( 0.1 )2 +8 (3)(0.1)+5 (0.1)

∆ y =2.94
dy =(8 x +5)dx
dy =(8 (3)+5)(0.1)
dy =2.9

kl
48 f ( r )=
r4
∆ y =f ( r + ∆ r )−f (r )
 kl kl
∆ y= 4
− 4
(r +∆ r ) r

r 4 kl−( r + ∆ r )4 kl
∆ y= 4
r 4(r + ∆ r )
−4 kl
f ' ( x )=
r5

dy =f ' ( x ) dx
−4 kl
dy = dx
r5

Valores 1

r =0.2
∆ r =0.1

r 4 kl−( r + ∆ r )4 kl
∆ y= 4
r 4(r + ∆ r )

(0.2)4 kl−( 0.2+0.1 )4 kl

∆ y= 4 4
(0.2) ( 0.2+ 0.1 )
∆ y =−501.5432099 mm
−4 kl
dy = dx
r5
−4 kl
dy = dx
r5
dy =1.11
2
47 A=π r

A ( r )=π r 2
∆ A= A ( r +∆ r )−A (r )

∆ A=π (r + ∆ r)2−π r 2
2 2 2
∆ A=π r + 2 πr ∆ r + π ( ∆ r ) −π r
2
∆ A=π ( ∆ r ) +2 πr ∆ r
A ' (r)=2 πr

dA= A ' ( x ) dx
dA=(2 πr ) ∆ r
Valores 1

r =4
∆ r =1
Área exacta
2
∆ A=π ( ∆ r ) +2 πr ∆ r

∆ A=π (1 )2 +2(π )(4 )(1)

∆ A=28.2743338823 c m 2
Área aproximada

dA=(2 πr ) ∆ r
dA=(2) π (4 )(1)

dA=25.1327412287 c m 2