Pev,vuvsvueuvuvuseuesasdeuseueseEueueUusaes Voz Activa y Pasiva en inglés Las Formas Verbales en Activa y Pasiva ‘Active and Passive Verb Forms Activo ~ con el verbo ‘to live! (vivir) present simple ~ Ive, you live, we live, he/she/it lives, we live, they live present progressive (or continuous) ~ Iam living, you are living et. resent perfect simple ~ I have lived, you have lived, he/she/it has lived ete. present perfect progressive ~ I have been living, you have been living etc. ast simple - I lived, you lived, he/she/It lived etc ast progressive ~ I vas living, you were living etc ast perfect simple - I had lived, you had lived ete past perfect progressive ~ I had been working, you had been working etc. future simple ~ I ill work, you wil work, you will work, he/she/It wil work, we will work, they will work. future progressive ~ I will be working, you will be working ete. future perfect simple — I will have worked, you will have worked etc. future perfect progressive I will hve been working, you will have been workina etc Infinitives ~ (to) work, (to) be working, (to) have worked, (to) have been working ing forms ~ working, having worked past participle - worked Pasivo - con al verbo ‘to make’ (acer) present simple ~ itis made, they are made etc present progressive - its being made, they are being made etc. resent perfect - it has been made, they have been made etc. past simple - It was made, they were made ete. past progressive ~ it was being made, they were being made etc. past perfect ~ it had been made, they had been made etc. future simple - it will be made, they will be made-etc. future perfect ~ ic wil have been made, they will have been made ete “going to” future - itis going to be made, they are going to be made ete. La posicién de los adverbios en inglés En Inglés, no hay tana libertad en la colocacién del adverbio como en espa La posicién del adverbio va ligada @ la funcién que desempefia en Ia oracién. Asi, siee ee ee ee ee ee ee i ee iY ‘modifica aun verbo, generalmente se coloca detrés de mismo. Ei, Idrove very fast. Condue muy répido. She spoke slowly. Habl6 despacis, Debe colocarse delante del adjetivo, participio o adverbio al que modifica 5. very good ‘muy bueno incredibly stupid increiblemente estipido Wonderfully exciting maravilasamente emocionante Existe algunas excepciones: Very nice indeed. Muy amable clertamente. It’s not good enough. No es o sufcientemente bueno. Adverbios de Frecuencia (aiways, never, sometimes, usualy, often etc.) Normaimente se colocan justo delante del verbo principal ©. We have never seen Pars. ‘Munca heros visto Paris. We usually go out Saturday night. Normalmente salimos Sabado por la roche, ‘También se puede poner al final 6 en posicin incl El, Sometimes we go to the cimena, A veces vamos al cine. ‘She phones me occasionally. Ella me llama de vez en cuando. Cuando la frase es interrogativa, el orden es auxiiar + sujeto + adverbio + verbo principal Have you ever seen Paris? elas visto alguna vez Paris? ‘Siempre siguen al verbo 'to be’, excepto en el imperative: Tm often in London. menudo estoy en Londres. never be late! Jno te retrases munca! ‘Siempre siguen los verbos modales: You can always phone me at home. Siempre puedes llamarme a casa, Adverbios con objeto directos Los adverbios no suelen colocarse entre el verbo y el objeto directo. El adverbio se coloca detrés del objeto directo o delante del verbo. El, bought it quickly, Lo compré répidamente. She earefully lit her cigarette. ila encendié su clgarilioBBURBRBEBEBEESBCEUGCSECSEGUEUYES cuidadosamente/con cuidado. Pero, cuando el objeto directo es muy largo, se pone el adverbio delante. J. Phone the police immediately and tell them everything you saw outside the bank. Lama a la polica inmediatamente y diles todo fo que viste fuera del bance. Adverbios y locuciones adverbiales de lugar y tiempo Generalmente se colocan al final dela frase, EJ. Timgoing to school now. Voy al colegio ahora ‘asked her this morning. Le pregunté esta mariana. También pueden ir al principio, dando més énfasis. Now, let's go to school! JAnora, vamanos a! colegio! Yesterday, I went out fora drink, Aer, all a tomar algo. Yet Normalmente, se coloca yet en posicén final Existe dos signincados: 1) Tedavia ~ en oraciones negatvas. Ej. She hasnt paid yet. Ella no ha pagado todavia. 2) Ya ~ en las preguntas. Ej, Has she pald yet? Ella ha pagado ya? Already Already significa ‘ya’ en espafiol. Se utiliza en las oraciones afirmativas. ©. Tvealready seen it Ya lo he visto. We've already been there. Ya hemos estado al. “También se emplea en las preguntas cuando se espera una respuesta afirmativa, Ej. Has she already given you the tickets? Ella te ha dado ya los biletes? Yet y Already ~ La diferencia Los dos tienen la significa ‘ya’, pero already se emplea cuando pensamos que la respuesta sea afirmativa,SRBRURBEBBBUUBUUHEHHYBHBBHBUEBS Ej, Have you done the shopping already? Has hecho la compra ya? (Vemos las bolsas de compra y esperamas la respuesta ‘s’) Cuando empleamos yet en las preguntas generales la respuesta puede ser afirmativa © negatva, EJ. Have you done the shopping yet? Has hecho la compra ya? (0 lo sabemes) si Significa todavia’ o 'aun’, con orientacién afirmativa y cierto énfasis en la continuided dela accién, Las oraciones afirmativas 5. I'm still eating. Estoy todavia comiendo, Las preguntas 5, Are you stil eating?” Estas todavia comiendo? Las oraciones negativas enfétlcas. 5. He still hasnt fished eating. Todavia no ha terminado de comer. 'Nota:- En las oraciones que no tienen énfasis se emplea yet. ‘She hasn't finished eating yet. No ha terminado de comer todavia. Still y Yet - La diferencia Los dos signfican ‘todavie’, Still se emplea cuando algo en el presente (no en el pasado) todavia no ha terminado, Muchas veces demostré sorprese Ei, He's still sieeping! JEL est8 durmiendo todavia! 15 It still raining? Esta lloviendo todavia? Not yet se empea para algo que esperamas en el futuro (no en el presente o pasado) Ei, Are you ready to go out? ~ No, not yet. Estas listo para salir? ~ Tadavia Dad hasn't come home vet. Padre no ha llegado a case todavie, En las preguntas, utllzamos el yet para para preguntar si algo esperado ha pasado todavia, Ej. Hes the post come yet? Hla venido el correo?Is lunch ready yet? esta lista la comide? El yet se coloca normaimente en posicin final. ET Still tiene normalmente posicién media. Ago Se coloca ago detrés de la frase nominal ala que modifica. Ej. Half an hour ago. ace media hore. ‘Two weeks ago. Hace dos semanas. Three months ago. Hace tres meses. Quite Quite tiene dos significados +1) ‘bastante’, en el sentido de 'aceptable’, pronunciado sin énfasi. He's quite a good singer. _£ canta bastante bien. 2) ‘completamente’, pronunciado con cierto énfasis. 5), He's quite mad Et esté completamente loco. Too Too tiene dos signiticados. ‘Demasiado’ ~ se coloca delante de adjetives y adverbios. Ej, It’s too expensive, s demasiado caro. ‘You speak too quickly. _Hablas demasiado répiao. También’ - generalmente en posiién final Ej. She's coming, too. lla viene también, Twant chocolate, too! Yo qulero chocolate también! Also Significa ‘también’ - suele colocarse en medio posiciin con el verbo. Ej. Mike speaks Spanish, and I also understand a title. (Mike habla espafiol y yo también entiendo un poco. ‘She not only sings, but she also plays the guitar. ila no solo canta, toca también la guitarra. As wellSBUREUERUUEUEKDHHHOHVHHUIS ‘As well tiene uns significa parecida a too y also, pero no se coloca en la misma Posicién. As well, como too, normalmente va al final dela oracién. As well no es muy Uusado en el inglés americano. J, She not only sings, but she plays the guitar as well, Eila no solamente canta, toca Ia guitarra también. want chocolate, as welll i¥o quiero chocolate también! Expresiones adverbiales en inglés Hay muchas expresiones adverbiales idiométicas en inglés, Las més frecuentes son: a long time ago, hace tiempo all at once, sibitemente [aS soon as, tan pronto como at any rate, de todas formas as far as, sequin by and large, hablando generalmente by far, con mucho by the way, 2 propdsito (every) now and then, de vez en cuando far better, mucho mejor in so far as, en cuanto in the long run, a fin de cuentas off hand, a primera vista off hand on, 2 ratos Of late, de poco tiempo a esta parte en no account, de ninguna manera ‘on purpose, intencionalmente ‘on the whole, en suma $0 as to, de manors que jomehow or other, como se 80 far, hasta ahora 0 long as, mientras ‘Sooner or later, tarde o temprano ADVERBIOS + PREPOSICIONES (Formas adverbialesidlométicas) En inglés hay muchos adverbios que se unen con prepasiciones para formar locuciones ‘adverbiales (expresiones formadas por un grupo de palabras que equivalen [Link] solo ‘adverdio) que, traducidas iteralmente, no tienen sentido a veces, pero que necesitamos conocer para comprender su significade. Ejemplo de locuclones ‘adverbiales en espaol tenemos también muchos (tal vez, mas 0 menos, de repente, 2 ‘menudo, por las buenas, a manos lena, etc). Algunos ejemplos de las mas significativas en inglés son: Alittle beyond, un poco més lejos Almost over, casi acabade ‘Along with, junto con All through, de principio a fnal Altogether below, por debajo de Apart from, por otra parte ‘Away from. lejos de Close upon, cerca de Close beside, junto 2 Distinctly above, ciaramente por encima Down to, hasta Far below, muy por debajo Greatly to, grandemente Hard by, a! ado mismo Long after, mucho después de Out of, por, a causa de Shortly before, poco antes de Up to, haste, 2euvuevwvvvvevevwvwwvrsv BuUBUYVUBUBUBYUY Pronombres relativos en inglés Los pronombres relatives son: Who que, uién,e! cual, 1a cual os cules, las cuss (para personas) whom a quien, al cual, ala cual, aos cuales, a las cuales (pare personas) whose de que, de quien, del cual, dela cual, de los cuales, de las cuales, cuyo, ‘euya, cuyos, cuyas (para personas) Which que, lo que, el cua, lo cual, la cual los cuales, las cuales (para cosas) that que, el que, la que, los que, las que (para personas y cosas) what lo que 2.) Who tiene las funciones de sujeto y su antecedente (el sujeto al que refiere) debe ‘Ser una persona, aunque puede ocasionalmente refer un animal personificado, como por ejemplo en cuentos. ‘The man who knew too much / EI hombre que sabie demasiado bh) Wham Fs muy formal y se emplea en lenauaje escrito, no siendo muy habitual su uso en lenguaje hablado. ‘c) Whose expresa posesién y pertenencia y se reflere inicamente a personas, (ambien excepcionalmente a animales y a nombres colectves). ‘The family whose house we stayed in / La familia en cuya casa estuvimos 1.) Which se emplea como sujeto y como complemento y se refiere solamente @ cosas ‘© animales: ‘The car which is in the garage / EI coche que esté en el garage. ‘This Is the car which I go to Work in / Este es el coche con el cual voy a trabajar. .) That se emplea como sujeto o complement directo y puede referirse a personas, cosas 0 animales: ‘The letter that came yesterday is from my mother / Le carta que lleg6 ayer es de mimadre. ‘The man that came to our house / £! hombre que vino a nuestra casa. - biferencia entre who y that - Generalmente, es indiferente usar who! y ‘that’. Sin embargo, existen diferencias fentre ambos que hacen mas aproplado el uso de uno u otro pronombre dependiendo des se est identificando 0 no al sueto.Where is the girl (who / that) sells the ice cream? / Dénde esté la chica que vende el helado? (ambos usos, ‘who! y ‘that! son correctos) This is Carol, who sells the ice cream / Esta es Caro, la cual vende el helade. ~ {uso inadecuado de ‘that’ ‘That’ normaimente no puede ir precedide de una preposicién Después de superiatives y pronombres indefinidas debemos emplear ‘that' en lugar de "who" t's the best film that I've ever seen / Es la mejor pelicule que he visto nunca. It’s something that makes him ery / £5 algo que le hace loro. £) What generalmente hace referencia a acciones o situaciones. know what you're thinking / Sé lo que estas pensando : Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow / Nace sabe que pasar manana RELATIVOS DEMOSTRATIVOS he who el que that of ef de, 1a de those who los que those of "los de, las de RELATIVOS COMPUESTOS Whoever cualquiera que (personas) whomever cualquiera que (personas, ‘mas formal) Whichever cualquiera que (personas, cosas) whatever cualquier cosa que Pronombres Interrogativos en inglés Los pronombresinterrogtivos son = Who? _equién? > Whom? a quién? = Whose? de quién? = What? equa? Which? ccual?, ccualesr, equé? 4) Who? se utiliza como complemento y hace referencia a personas. Who is coming to the wedding? / éQuién viene a la boda? b) Whom? Més formal y menos usual en e! lenguaje hablado, se utiliza como complement y hace referencia a personas. Whom did they invite? / 2A quién invitaron?asavpevuvusevusevusvveseveueuueuvuse ©) Whose? Expresa posesién y pertenenciay va seguldo de la palabra ala cual se reflere ‘Whose magazine is this? / {De quién es ésta revista? <4) What? Hace referencia a cosas ‘What is it? / Dancing (El baile) Bpposites | 2 Do you know your opposites? Choose one word which best represents the opposite of these adjectives. Follow the example. Bx: Quiet 7. witty 14, stubborn a) quietiess™ a) witless” a) unstubborn™™ ) noisy” ) unwitty™ b) stubborness” ©) nonquiet™ ©) dull ) open-minded’ 4) unquiet™ ¢) ualy ) unborn!” 1. nervous 8. cruel 15. brave a) calm” a) handsome’ —_a) heartless! b) disnervious™ —_b) weak!” b) braveless™ ©) tranguilize™ = ¢) sexy ©) cowardly 4) quiet 4) kind 4) sympathetic” 2. outgoing [Link] 16. sensitive a) ingoing™ 2) good” 2) insensitive” b) extrovert ) naughtiless™ —b) silly” ©) sociable” ©) unnaughty™ —_c) insensel™ ¢) shy™ ) misbehaved’ —d) sensible" 3. thoughtful 10. loyal 17. insecureli ee ) inthoughtful™ b) thoughtless ©) loyal” 4d) sadistic 4. nice a) sweet b) horrible” ©) niceless!™ 4) spoiledv™ 5. affectionate a) nasty b) sweet!” ©) unaffectionatel™ 4) ugly 6. moody a) unmooay™ ) cheerful” ©) cheeriess!” 4) moodful ~ a) ugly b) nasty ) tay 4) disloyal 11. sensible a) Insensibie™ ») unfeeling” ©) reckless 4) senseless” 12. patient a) doctor b) unpatient”™ ) dispatient™ 4) impatient” 13. selfish a) buyfish™ ) egorull™ ©) untidy™ 4) selfiess! a) secure! b) securefull™ «) safe™ 4) self-confident™ 18. tidy a) tidiless™ ) untidy ©) neat! d) lazy 19, strict 8) punctual!” b) strictless™ ) unstrict™ ¢) lenient 20. tactful a) tactless™ b) squeamish” ©) unimagin: 4) distactfull™suvevuvuvvvvevse vee KvuHuBDUeUUUWU TS La Posesion en inglés / El Genitivo Sajén This is Pepe This is Pepe's Bar Este es Pepe Este es el Bar de Pepe En inglés, el gentivo (relacién de propiedad o posesién) se forma de dos maneras: 1. Mediante la preposicién of, (de), que se usa normalmente cuando el poseedor no es ua persona: “The window of the house (La ventana de fa casa) 2. Cuando el poseedor es una persona, se emplea une Fore paticular, que ae conoce Zomo genitive sajen (por su origen). Al nombre del poseedor, se afiade un apéstrofo y tuna s ('s)y figura en la frase delante del nombre dela cose poseida: My brother's car (EI coche de mi hermano) John's dog (EI perro de John) ‘También se emplea con nombres de animales, nombres de palses, ciertas expresiones de tiempo, espacio, distancia, peso, etc. “The cat's ears (Las orejas del gato) France's cities (las ciudades de Francia) Yesterday's meeting (La reunion de ayer) Armile's walk (Un paseo de una milla) REGLAS DE LAS DEL GENITIVO SAJON [Link] el poseedor es solo uno, el orden de la frase es: Poseador Apostrofo + S Ls cosa poseida Paul's heart (El corazén de Pablo)= Sees Ceueeeeueeeea ‘Cuando el nombre termina en s, se afiade otra s Chartes's bicycle (La bicicteta de Carlos) 2. Silos poseedores son varios, el orden de la frase es: a Los poseedores (plural) Apéstrofo La cose poseica My brothers’ clock (El reloj de mis hermanos) {Cuando el nombre en plural no termina en s se apica la misma norma que para un solo poseedor): ‘The women's books (Los libros de las mujeres) {Guande detallamos nombrando los distintos poseedores, solamente el tltimo reflere el genitivo: ‘That is John, Jim and Paul's fat (Ese es el piso de John, Jim y Paul) [Link] en a diferencia: John and Ann's cars — Los coches son de ambos John's and Ann's cars —® Cada uno tiene su propio coche CCombinado con of puede servir para eistinguir el sentida de propiedad A photo of Peter's (Una foto de Pedro, la foto es de su propiedad) ‘A photo of Peter (Una foto de Pedro, de su persons) Posiién de os adjetivasen inglés | posicién del adjtivo en ings vara segin su funeén, ‘3, Atibuto(etrbutivs) Se colocan como norma general delante del nombre al que clifcanAninterestng book Un libra interesante A tall git / Una chica alta ‘existe mas de un adletivo se clocan igualmente delante. big brown bear /Un gran oso marrén [tall and thin gil / Una ches ata y dlgada ‘ 'b)Predleado(predictvos), se colocandetrés del verbo, ‘This house is beautiful Esta casa es bonita [Algunosadjetives pueden cambiar de significado ssu uso es atributiveopredicativo. luck Mila suerte Shes / Ela est enferma Las preposiciones en inglés The dog Ison the sofa The lamp is near the dog The cats in front ofthe dog 4 USO DE LAS PREPOSICIONES Las preposiciones pueden realizar dstintas funciones: « Servir de enlace entre dos palabras distintos elementos en la oracién: —T'll see you at five o'clock / Te vers 2 las cinco - Puedden acompatiar @ un verbo sirviendo de enlace a su complemento. En este caso, pueden no alterar el significado del verbo o alterario con lo que consttuyen una Palabra distinta. To look / Mirar (no altera el significado del verbo) To look after / Cuidar de (se altera el significado del verbo) - Cuando ponemos un verbo después de una prepesicién, en inglés normalmente se utiiza la forma "ng! y no el infinitive, You shouldn't go to India without visiting the Taj Mahal. ‘No deberias ir ala Indiasin visitar el Taj Mahal. ‘T'm interested in studying psychology. / Estoy interesado en estudiar psicologia. 2s principales preposiciones en inglés son: about alrededor de, sobre above por encima de after etrés de, después de among _ entre (tres 0 més) at en, junto a before antes de, delante de behing aetrés de below —debajo de beneath —debajo de beside juntoa between entre (dos 0 més) but ‘excepto, pero by or, junto a down —_nacia abajo an oe ir ara pr, durante, desde from de, desde in en, dentro de Into fen, adentro ike como, ual @ near cerca de of de off de (olefindose), fuera de on en, sobre over por encima de, al otro lado since desde through a través de throughout por todo il hasta to 2, hasta, hacia por debajo de up hacia arriba upon (Ponienco) sobre, encima with con without sin POSICION DE LAS PREPOSICIONES Generalmente, se colocan delante del sustantivo o del pronombre, excepto en los siguientes casos: 2.) Con el pronombrerelatvo, azando va segue de preposicié, ésta puede colocarse fen Ia posicién final,Suevsessveseesesvseuveuvuuvuueeoeuuuead ‘The girls 1 study with / Las muchachas con las que estudio (en lugar de: The giris with ior I study) .) En frases interrogativas cuando emplezan por un pronambre interrogative: Who were you speaking to? / écon quién estabas hablando? (en lugar de: To whom were you speaking?) LA PREPOSICION Y LA CONTRACCION La contraccién espafiola, es decir la fusién de una prepasicién con el articulo definido (Gl, del) no existen en inglés. Se traducen siempre por la preposicién seguida del aticulo definido y separado de ella (al = a el) (del = de el: Tell it to the chairman / Digaselo a presidente Las siguientes frases contienen errores tiplcos en los que incurren personas de habla hispana que aprenden inglés, © Lee tas frases y corrigelas. Sigue el ejemplo y si necesitas ayuda coloca et Puntero sobre el Icono "interrogante" para obtener una pista, Ej.) _My boss said me I have to work on Saturday. Answer: My boss told me I have to work on Saturday. Thave 24 years. a, fez peer Luis has phoned you an hour ago. , Wis has phoned you an hour ag “There are always bad news in the newspapers. 3m bad th ‘Nicole Kidman acts really good. 4, peste iron ats eat geod, —____ 5, Mv ftlend has 2 son which looks lke Sylvester Stallone. 6, Stephanie and Terry are living In Spain for 9 years.SS eouevuvvvvvVveHeeHeeHoeUS [must to buy some milk before mum gets here. >, posiouy some mis betes mum dts ere, _ Let me give you a good advice; Never get married a, jSimesie oun good ace, Never get mae. 9, LEAN" BASS this stupid exam. 1 dont have vocabulary enough. Tim not drinking alcohol. don’ ke the taste re Neary all people in Spain kes sce 1, esta people in Spin Hes rem, _ |Lam looking forward to rectve the information as soon as possible. 12, [ len formar fo rece the formation 3 0 les hasn't never been abroad. ~ 1, Aiales st never been abroad. _ ‘Graham goes rarely to the pub at lunchtimes. a, tem gerry tothe ub at uncimes, Valencia has such a fentastc weather. 15, sig, tas been working as a walter since eight months. Craig's Englsh lessons are always bored a7 fis ston are aveys bored, _ ip, MSD YOU make this exercise, make your best net to do mistakes. agree with you up to pai a9,; Mouse niyo upto po —_ 20, Pzasident Bush dont can understand why people distike him: TH borrow you my camera it can lend your ea for the weeken 7 you my dy the weekend 1 people want money but they don't lke to work for ‘a2, Te people want money but they don't ike to work for ish and chips Is @ popular English plat af hips Is a popular English pate ng, EACUSE Te, could you tell me where isthe nearest benk? - Do you think Manchester United will wn the league this year? - I don't hope 25,50! i aHow do you call this in English? art Simpson Isn't used to do homework every de ay batt Simpson We went out for lunch yesterday so I didn't must cook. 28, went to the night dub by my own. a ight club by my he asked me where was the money and I just laughe« so. Ste asked the money and I Just laughed. HESEI Gerundio en inglés El gerundio se forma en inglés afiadlendo la desinencia ‘ing (sin to! al inintivo de! verbo. To play / jugar playing / jugando CONSIDERACIONES ~ Cuando el infinitivo termina en consonante precedida de una sola vocal pronunciada mms fuerte, la consontante Ultima se duplca: To sit —* sitting (sentarse) ~ Cuando el infinitive termina en muda, ésta desaparece To write —b writing (escribir) ~ Cuando el infinitvo termina en ‘e!cambia ay" + Ying Tolle —> ving (ment) USO DEL GERUNDIO = Fame sujeto en una expresién Reading English is easier than speaking it / Leer inglés es mas faci que hablario ~ En algunas expresiones de prohibicién No smoking / Probibido fumar + Se emplea para obtener la forma progresiva de los verbos Tam reading a book / Estoy leyendo un libro Cuando a un verbo precede de forma inmediata una preposicién se utiliza la forma de sgeruncio, After swimming I felt cold / Después de nadar me sentl restriado They had difficulty in finding a parking place / Tuvieron diicultad para encontrar tuna plaza de eparcamiento, ~ Como complemento de un verbo His hobby is painting / Su hobby es fa pintura ~ Se utiliza frecuentemente después de los verbos ‘to go" y to come!eavuvsvsnvuvuvuevevueeveeewvuwvuwvvves ‘iene el significado de ‘mientras’, ‘aunque’. She only saw him twice while he was staying there / Le vi6 solamente dos veces ‘mientras él estaba all While 1 admit itis difficult, 1 don’t think it is impossible / Aungue reconozco que ‘e difel, na ereo que sea imposibleCome sailing with us next Saturday / Ven 2 navegar con nosotros el préximo sébado Usos del Gerundio en inglés GENERALIDADES problemas /Notwe she left without verbos mas frecuentes que solemos 41. Después de las [kissing me. We're encontrar con el gerundio son Fraptonce M* fmeine ox Wate aa eye ee \Lenjoy eating out. finish, risk, practise, put off, stop, suggest, (2. Después de ‘Do you mind ‘can't help, fancy, admit, deny, give up, Siomorverice, mre ay, au any, ame, dey, ie up Pens iaanaere 7" fare eee Gn, ato orzo) cae ara en Ser Ma cle eae Grcomeatnueto Porsches’ ™ | | ea | Pon ‘to + Infinitiv: = 4. Para daruna —|Why did you stop respuesta aia working? To fertespend Pregunta ‘Why’ spend more time (par gue?) with my children. _Observa ios ejemplos con el negative ‘not 2. Después de los It's not easy toto": djetives id 2 900d man, +f 7 We hope not to be in the same flat next year. | | ‘She decided not to get married, | | forgot to [Los verbos mas frecuentes que solemos ‘algunos verbos —_|Sheneeds to pee nes you urgently, would lke, want, need, decide, hope, arrange, expect, pan, forget, Seem, appecr, Wish, promise, offer, refuse, learn, manage, | afford, agree, fal, tend, happen, mean, ______brepare, pretend threaten, attempt ‘SERUNDIO E INFINITIVO CUANDO LOS DOS SON POSIBLES 7 Snisten verbos con ios que se puede poner el secundio (ng’) 0 el infinitive con ‘to En algunos, el significado de la combinacién de los das verbos cambiard al poner Infinitive 0 enundio, 3. Después de = the bank, encontrar con ‘o'+ infinitive son:‘STOP, = [stooped to havea beer. he stonoed drinkin beer sein cerrumpe la actividad (en este caso de beber cerveza) my ed tat the box bu as too hea. Seinlenta algo diffcl que requiere esfuerz0, Why dont you try closing fhe window ff the traffic is too nolsy? ‘Seintenta un experimenta, testo prueba para ver si funciona. wake = Tike to get up at 6am. ‘He qusta el resultado de la actividad poraue me da tiempo a desavunar y hacer otras tranguilmente. = Lie getting up-at 6am, ‘Rezimente me qusta realizar Ja actividad. ‘NEED ET aged to work naraer. {Tengo ip obligacion de hacer algo, = This room needs painting. Hay necesidad hacerlo (en voz pasiva) REMEMBER Y FORGET ‘L-Semember to buy milk on your way home, 2. Lremember kissing my frst olifiend. 4. L forgot to phone Dad on his birthday. 2. never forget seeing my wife for the first time. She looked beautiful. 4. Se reflere a recordar u olvidar cosas que tienes o tenias que hacer. [Link] refiere a recordar u olvidar cosas que ocurrieron en el pasado. 9 SUS HEG io et ata ee of SS imate se za aga omupiar les oils Da you rearet Jeaving schoo! early and not going to university? ‘Tamantas cosas que ocurrieron en el pasado, soot After winning the Kings Quo, Valencia went on to win the Champions League, Expresa_un cambio de actividad,SYVERBGEERUHUHVH DH OHOHGHGSESB = They went on complaining about their holiday all evening. Exorese aie se continue realizanco la misma actividad Las Conjunciones en inglés Ls conjuncién se utiiza bésicamente par enlazar dos oraciones, También puede enlazar frases 0 palabras dentro de una oracibn Go and look for him / Vete a buscarle GGramaticalmente, las conjunciones se dividen en coordinantes y subordinantes (dependiendo que coordinen o subordinen dos palabras U oraciones). De igual forma, tanto las conjunciones coordinantes como las subordinantes se subaividen'a su ver ‘gramaticaimente. No obstante, vamos a hacer un estudio de las mismas menos teorizante y vamos a ver en detale las conjunciones ¥ locuciones conjuntives que por ‘su Impertancia 0 diicultad merecen una atencidn especial as Se usa para expresar: 2.) Tempe She trembled as he spoke / Temmblaba mientras hablaba b.) Modo © manera: Leave the room as you find it / Deja /a habitaciin tal como la encuentres. ©) El comparativo de igualded: He Is not s0 tall as you are / £!no es tan alto como ti 4.) Contraste: Rich as he is, he isn't happy / Por muy rico que sea, no es feliz @.) Causa: ‘As you weren't there I left a message / Como no estabas, dejé un recado. ‘AS WELL AS Se corresponde a la espatiola tanto).eveuuvewuvewwvweveewewwwewvwvrerv- She does not speak French as well as you do / Ella no habla francés tan bien como ti BECAUSE Equivale al ‘porque’, ‘a causa de’. espaol (causal). Because he was busy he couldn't go to the party / For ester ocupado no podia ir a la festa. BOTH... AND oth, cuando ve acompaiado de la conjuncién and, se usa para recalcar dos hechos de Igual importanci: Both Elizabeth and Helen... / Tanto Elizabeth como Helen. But Se corresponde: 2.) AI pero espafiol: She is +, but unhappy / Ela es rica pero desgraciads ,) Con el ‘sino esparol He's not only conceited but also selfish / No es sélo engreid sino también egoista c) Ala preposiién espafiola except: Nobody but you could be so stupid / Sélo ti podries ser tan tonto EITHER... OR Ether usado con or corresponde a las conjunciones espatioas 0.0 He must be either drunk or drugged / 0 esté borracho 0 drogado FOR Ya que. They were tired, for they had worked all day / Estaban cansados, porque habian pasado todo el dla trabajando. 1 2.) Puede expresar una condicién o supostcin:SSSR ROH HHO RTH OGD HUKRHVUUUEA Tl stay if you help me / Me quedaré si me ayudas. .) Opcién: Tl see if he's in / Voy a ver si esté, ) Peticén de forma cortés 111 could just interrupt you there... Si me permite qae le interrumpa, test Pare que no, por miedo @ I didn’t do it lest he should beat me / No fo hice por miedo a que me pegase ‘A\veces se usa’ est’ detrés de los verbos fear,‘ be afraid’ ‘of, etc en lugar de ' that! "Lest" es muy formal y no se utiliza habltualmente en e! inglés corriente Like Como He acts like he owns the place / Se comporta como si fuera el due, NOT ONLY... BUT ALSO ‘Se usa cuando se quiere dar mayor importancia al segundo de los hechos Not only I read English but also T write it / No sdlo leo en inglés, sino que también loescrivo oR Puede tener tres significados muy distint «8 Equvalente al‘! espaol ‘There were 35 or 40 people there / Hobie 35 640 personas b) 0, sine Hands up or Fl shoot! / Arriba las manos 0 dlsparo! ©) nl He can't read or write / No sabe leer ni escribir waiter>>euvuvuvveBvvaeowveuvoUvuwveUveUvWvTUvYVUvYww Se ‘orange Level “The Subjunctve Mood ‘The subjunctive mood has avery unusual affect on verbs in a sentence. When We stuled conditional sentences In Orange Lav! Lessons 12-14, you notes tis same strange affect. ‘That's because the subjunctive mood and conditional sentences share some ofthe same wales. Some teachers would even say they ace the sae thing. ‘You can use the subjunctive mood after verb that eguest oes, such a. suggest recommend, request, ask, require, demand, insist, What these verbs (an others nt lists) haven comma i that someones asking you todo something. Watch this leo and then ty the exreises below: ‘As you can se from the video, the ver inthe subjunctive mood emains Inthe simple for, ‘This is what the verb "be" looks liken the subjunctive mood when these vrbs-suggest, recommend, request, ask, requie, demand nsst-come before I singular plural Ibe Webe Yoube You be Hebe She be‘Theybe Inbe ‘he teacher aks that we be on tine ‘recommend that you be ath airport before 9:00am, on demands that his daughter be hore before 11 pum, (ur supervisor is demanding that we be avaliable to work next weekend, ‘Strange n't? But fora native speaker, It's sounds okay Using the simple form of the verb in this typeof sentence applies to other verb as wel: singular plural Youge Yous Heo She ge They g0 ‘Our coach demands that we goto bed ealy onthe day before the bg math, “The scholarship committee requires that he go to colage tha i within the state of ‘you must eave lassen, | ask that you go que For atonal practice, dick here for an exerci The present subjunctive i almost the same as the preset condone that ou learned about ln tesson Thirteen. These kinds of sentences usualy use" or "wishpevBvUuvoBoBoUuUuHBaveOvBeoUvueUvuEeYwwTC’ If were rc, would ive more money to char. wie were le, In both sentences am not rch This hesitation now, but the verb "bes inthe past tense. Yul so notice thatthe verb "be" doesnt seem to match the subject. Heres yet another strange ting about the sbjuncive mood. Hare's how the verb "bes convgated in ‘the present subjunctive plural Wewere You were shewere They were ‘Alte other verbs-reeuar or irgulatake the par tense lathe present subjunctive but only the ver "be" seems to wolate the ules of subjectverb agreement. Lets look at few more verbs: fhe had time, she would go tothe party She wishes she had the time(She doesn'thave time now, s she int going tothe party.) they did't need the help, they wou ask fo (Oo they need help? Yes. That's wy they ae asking fort) He wishes e didnt have to leave (oes he have to leave? Ves. Bute would rther tay Lesson Ten The Sequence of Tensesevwvvvvvvv vovVveevevoVvuVvVeHvVes [Understanding the sequence of tenses wll help you do Imany things: 1. 1eelps you explain what someone essa irect ‘quotations 2, Wei you with conditional sentences sing the word _ bere are some examples: Someone says, "I need to goto the store” ‘She sl hat she need to go tothe tore. vou change “nce to needed!” but the situstion Is stil nthe present This as otis properly without think ‘out i Here's another example: you could meet meat the airport, would be grateful ln this situation, "can changes to “could.” Why? Became [pretend the sentence condtanal We wil practice fomaitinal sentences in Lessons 11,12, and 13. ‘eres an example using "wis": vis ha Been he party est ih thing about English but many Americans,Original Tense —> Changed to... Present —> Past Present Continous > Past Continuous Past —> Past Perect Present Perfect —> Past Perect wil > woue can > could may —> might |BReBoBBBeOBHOSBvoeGeORVRvUVUUYGCS Orange Level Lesson Three Compound Sentences [A compound sentence is made by joining two independent clauses {together with a conjunction. 1+ doin bought some new shoes, she wore them to party. {Lyin tke her new house, she did't ike the ron yard. {1 Weeangoseea movie,” wean gt something toe. | bom examples | [Notice that in each example there subject and aver in each independent clause. There sentences can be changed by removing the isubjct: ne Dt not the front yard Joka bought some new shoes snd wore them ta party. these are fil god sentences, but by removing the subject rom one part of | them, they are no longer compound sentences. ‘Compound sentences are often formed wth these coordinating dst foro sr, isan (Che seman). Learn e Leve Lesson Twelve The Future ConditionalSVURBHHBBUUKOBRUDUESHSGHOKGEBS [Te future conditional describes something that might happen in [tue future witha condition. It often uses it" Examples: 11 goto the park tomorrow, Iwill bring my dog. "IFT goto the park tomorrow" iin the preven tense, || van srng my dog” jean use ater modal the ture tease and wes x modal verb You ‘am, might, shoul, mu ete Notice the ase of comma (a the end of the ist clause. The ws of i" create a dependent cause. The order ofthe sentence my ts be reversed: 1 wl bring my dog 1 got the park tomorrow Drange Lesson Thirteen The Present Conditionaleouvwvseeuevseeed BuvuvuvwvuvvvUSHYY Notes {+ In non-detining clauses, you cannot use that" instead of who, whom or which 1 Youcannot leave out the relative pronoun, even when it isthe object ofthe verb inthe relative clause: He pave me the eter, hich issn 2 Bue envelope. He gave me the lecte, which Iresdimmedttely ‘The preposition in these clauses cam go at the end of the clause, e.9. This is Stratfora-on-Avon, which you havea hers abot ‘This pat is often used in spoken English, bt in writen or formal English you can also ut the prepsiton before the proneun® eg, Staterzon-avan, aout whic mary people Fave watten i Shakespeare's Brihpoce, 1+ Non-defining clauses can be introduced by expressions like all of many of + Person ‘Thing any of + whom stn (2) fowot + whom shin e2ch of + whom ++ wnien eltner of + whom 4+ wen halt of + wom “wen many of + whom + wien most of + whom wen much of + wham wen none of + tom sec one of + whom “cn wo of ete. + whom + wn Examples + Tere were alt of peopl a the party, many of whom {had known fr yeas. ‘He was carrying his belongings, many of which were broken,SBVHBROROROVOUURUUUHHHHHTHUSS ‘+ The rdstive pronoun which at the beginning ofa non-defning relative csuse, cb refer to a the information contained inthe previous pao the sentence, rather the fo just one wor ‘Chis really well in is exams, which was 2 big surprise. (= Ue fact that he dd wo ints exams wae 9 big suprise) ‘+ Asocilistand a conservative agrees on the naw law, which Is mest unusual. (= the tact tat they agreed is unusual). Examples ‘+ My ranemether, who is dead now, came fom the North of Ensand + Tspoke to Fes, who explained the problem. + The ol man looked atthe tee, under which he had often sat ‘We stopped at the museum, which we'd never been Into ‘+ She's stuying maths, which many people hate + Tye jst met Susan, whese husband works in London + Head tiousanés of books, most of which he had readSseuuvuuUuUvUuUveeUuUvVeVveUVuUVuUuVvUVUvUeée Non-defining Relative Clauses (Oraciones subordinadas adjetivas explicativas) le ss en espa as oma or subowsina explcaive.. suena a toch. peo esperaaa 9 ficlL_os so ol nombre as a ra“pa ates, Uso [Ese tno de roee: + Venues ala ori princi a tas de un_pronomrerlativa = ho, which wham, whose, Esa tipo oe ecacones da una explicscién adicioal soe ef antecedents = ELantecedants eso palars ala que oe reese pronombe avo [x My friend Mary, who is English, is your new neighbour Mi amiga Mary, que es inglesa, es tu nueva vecina +_Laloformacin ara noes imprescindbis, Sila. qutésemos. ne nos afactata al sentiso ener de aan, My boss. who is very vo. is always late ‘[Link] necesari: tengo un fe que sempre eo tae El hecho de que aid. aut ‘aces os un sfc arable eso que considerarismosnformacion extra voc io tanto, iaentrecomas,spuveuvevvvuvvuvvvvuvvvs¥uda This vi isvery cen is my avout |ecusstiin esque sta es m [Link] sea ono hares ode merge, enlo a. ator, ar, The children, who passed the exam, went fo the trp. = Los ninos, que aprobaron el examen, fueron de viaje. E = = oo ‘_Acaso8 ce poner Ia comas sino uss alos ented The children who passed the exam went to the trip. ‘eveflon tin ceentx cbenyheren vl. ten srpendroinn puro die — 21 Munca ust pronembee rit THAT en es expsvesSBRBRBRBHSBEERBSPRPRoUVURVBUUCUUUUE The dog, iy6t bit you. is there whieh “ Laltfemason asiconal vente somes siamre. extra 4) E1ronombrerelatvo NO puede mites porauefunion como el sts dels iat Harun tipo de elarciio nara practear es oracionss de ‘lati tanto espeificativas com explicatives), ecu s nos auele pes que unas ‘os cxacones maciani un pronombre relative v que pangamos las comes s fuera ecesacio, Et sloricio ran amuchos de cabeza parade vardad que es sole cuestn eaten, ‘Aquos muesro unos sancilos pasos ave podomos sau naraconseout illas, Paris sisi somo: is tower ns na ‘$M Localn el antacedente: the tower 2 Esco el reltivo adecuad ent: whl ‘Ebel slot: This over ‘0 Aado ta después de su antecedents: This owsr which Plngo on oi vineloel yo {1 Prncina: was but in 670 consdero ave ato de consiucein es més rlevante aa sparencia) TP Lalolomacin eta va entre comss. : Bugs ya sta Nusa orcin aunatia a,SUeeosssevvsvsssussssggudsa hls tower heh ‘shores wus un Hlecicios 4 dennis. anew student She is vr ltligent, 1. Rte is. vet His dogis not ver ena. [Link] ttle snow inthe dein oom. ti roe, NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES ‘Te information in these causes i not essen els us more about someone or something, butt doesnot hap us to lenty them or Compares {Boos that tke cats are very unusual. (This tas us which dogs we ae talking abou), * Goris, which are large and orignate in Africa, can somtimes be found ih zoon, (is gives us some rs information about gorilae - wears taking about al goles, not 1st one type or aroup). ‘+ Jon's mother, who fives in Scotland, has 6 grandeikiren, (We know whe John's ‘others, and he oly has one. The important information isthe number ot ‘sTandchiléren, but the fac that she ves in Sealand might be felled wen the words "by the way" seiona information), Non-dtning relative clauses are always separated from the ret ofthe sentence by ‘commas The commas have a simiartncton to brace {MY fend John has ust woten a best-seling novel. (He went tothe same schoo! as me) + My tend John, who went tothe same school as me, has just writen» besseling ove Relative pronouns in non-defining claus Person Thing lace Subject who vie object ho(whom — which whereauevvneevunuauannaneseuavueuuvee Can y Be able to en inglés ‘Se usan Gan y be able to para hablar de habilidad en inglés, ‘Aveces se puode usar los dos para hablar de lo mismo, PERO hay veces que es necessario (ear aolo una forma 6 la ota, 4. Habitidad on ol presente ‘S0 puede usar ambos be able fo can, PERO can es mas commun, especialmente cuando ‘estamos hablando de una habilidad aprendi Ejomplo: Peter can speak French es mas commun que Peteris able to speak French. 2: Habilidad on ol futuro ° Siempre se usa willbe able to para hablar del futuro Ejompto: : | wl bo able to speak Chinese next year. Podré hablar Chino el ahtoque viene. 3. Habilidad general enol pasado ‘Se puode usar could or wastworeable fo, PERO could es mas comm. Ejemplos: | could swim when I was 5 yea old es mas commun que | wa able faswim when | wes 5 yoarsold. | could play the piano when Iwas young es mas commun que was abt fo play the plano when Iwas young. 4, Habilidad de hacer algo n una ocasion ESPECIFICA on ol pasado NO SE PUEDE ular could, Se usa waslwere able fo Ejemplos: Twas able to cateh the Sb'clock tran to London. Puce coger el tren de asB a Londres. He was able to file his project before the deadline. Pudo termina el proyteto antes del plazo de entroga, \ ‘5, Cuando Ia frag es NEGATIVO en el PASADO se puedo usar COULDNT todas las frases. . Ejompoe: | couldn't eateh the 5 o'clock train to London. No pude coger el ten 2 Londres. He couldn't finishis project before the deadline, No pudo ferminar el proyed antes cel plazo de entroge,Been y Gone y el present perfect Hay que fener cuidado con een y gone en frases con ol present perfect en ingles porque 68 faci confundirse con la diferencia ancl signitends Compara estos frases. He has boon to London. Ei ha estado en Londres. (ya no esta on Londres). He hes gone to London. Ei ha ido a Londres. (Est on Londres todavia). ‘Completar as frases y después haga cic aqui 4, Petor isn't here. He han mnen- Shopping. permarket. Look at al the food te bought! -wvnnt® the pest office so you don’t need to go. to Germany on a business tip. Inglés subjuntivo Elaine cua ezpue dsc eos en ana oxroe an ‘Se forma con el infinitive sin to, No se usa la tereera persona el verbo con‘) 0 el verbo en pasado, ‘that he arrive on ine. (NOT | demanded that he arrives on time) ‘Se forma ef negativo en el subjuntivo con not + infinitive sin to Ejomplo: "suggested that he not get offended by what she sad. ‘Se usa el subjuntiv con I ‘iguiontes verbos: demand, insist, suggest, require, ‘Se usa con estas expresiones: {ts important that. ts essential that. 's necessary that. tis best that. Itis cnctal that tis imperative that. tis urgont that, itis vita that, Itis a good idea that. Ejempio: W's essential that you learn thie lst of verbs. ‘$0 usa con algunas expresiones fjas: God save the Queen, Bo that ae it may. Come what may ‘Avoces se usa ‘should’ con el subjuntve en inglés.vwououwvonuvowveuweweueueuweeeeed ou nev © emplos: Tlocommendd that he should buy 2 new television {suggested that he should be punctual forthe clas. _Elercicio: Algunas de las siguientes frases tienen errores. Corregir ls que tienen errores y ‘Seapuse haga cle aqui para ver las respuestas de inglés Subjuntivo ;Ojl Algunas frases ‘son correctas. 4: 1insist that you not to tll her. 2 lte.a good idea that he goes at once. 5 its erucal that we gotto the station on tim. 4 Trecommend that ho ties that method of learning 5: It's urgent that soo the manager immeditaly. 6, He suggested that she visit the art gallery. 7. lrecommend that you read the instructions careful 8 it's important that he epeak to her today. 8: He demanded that we to pay for the broken plat. 40.1 insisted that he does the homework tonight Needn't, Needn't have and Didn't need to Hay que ener eluded con ol ws de nosh, eet have y dn ned to pore ox fi ‘confundise, ‘Se forma: ‘Sujoto + nosdn't+ verbo infinitive (sin to) Sujeto + didn't need to + infintvo Ejemplos: ‘You needn't arrive early. No hace falta que legues femprano. {didnt need to arrive eary. Yo no tenia que legar tan femprano. | needn't have arived 20 early. No fenia que haber Hogad tan femprano. se Cuando 20 usa needn' significa que no es necesario hacer algo. + Cuando se usa adn’ nood fo significa que no has hecho Ia accién porque no era ‘ecesatlo. + Cuando se usa needn't have significa que has hecho la accién aunque no fue + Quantifiers - each y every + '[Link] each y every con sustantvos contabics para hablar de un grupo entero. Hay poco diferencia ono significado entre los dos. Each significa cada Every significa todos Ejemplos: The house has five bedrooms. Every room has an ensuite bathroom. La casa tiene ince habitaciones. Todas las habitaciones tienen bane.Red Level Lesson Eighteen Gerunds Gerunds, like infinitives, look lke verbs, but they actually function as nouns. Consider the following sentences: like going to the beach. "going" is the gerund.) + Playing volleyball at the beach is fun, ("Playing" is the gerund and functions as the subject) like eating cold pizza. ("like" is the verb; ‘eating" is the gerund.) ike" Is the verb; Gerunds are often confused with verbs. Because gerunds take an “ing” ending, some students, ‘mistake them for verbs in the continuous form. If you don't see the verb "be" in front of a word with an “ing ending, its probably a gerund, For ‘example, which sentence has a gerund?: 1. He thinks that learning English is important forhis career. 2. This moming, they're meeting their friends at the airport. Hf you said the first sentence, you're correct! The ‘second sentence is in the prosent continuous tense, examplesSeuvbuseeBeBuUuBUBEWUBHeHewe Bue SB |Mtke tistoning to the radio. (Gerunds aro ‘Playing in the snow lof life's greatest pleasures. | (Gerunds commonly appear lat the boginning of a sentence. They are easier to | "use than infinitives in this iposition) Drinking cote inthe |morning ls one of my favorite things to do. | HHe finds playing the guitar {to be relaxing. Now do you understand the differences between gerunds and infinitives? If not, go back to Lesson Seventeen,SBVBRURBEREVHBHBHHKBBBHOBUYUHS ‘The house has five bedrooms. Each room has an ensuite bathroom. La éasa tone Cinco habitaciones. Cada habitacion tiene bane. ‘Se usa every para decir cuantas veces haces algo. Everyday (todos los las), Every Monday (Cada lunes) ete Ejompl: {'go swimming everyday. Voy a nadar todos los das ‘Se usa each para grupos mas pequetios. Se puede usar each solo 6 con of +sustantivo Ejemplo: ‘The house has five rooms. Each has an ensulte bathroom. 6 Each ofthe rooms hat {an ensulte bathroom. La casa tone cinco habltaciones, Cada una Kone bafo, ‘So puede usar each para referre misma ‘dos cosas. No so puede usar every de Ejomplo: ‘The house has two rooms. Each has an ensuite bathroom. La casa tiene dos hnabitaciones. Cad una tone bar Ejereclo: Completa las frases con each 6 every y despues haga clic aqui para ver las respuestas. 4. This town has two football teams. ‘one Is inthe frst eivision 2 The school has 700 pupils. pupil must wear a uniform, ‘3. The supermarket has 10 checkouts, Thera i a queue at... checkout atthe moment. AT worked 5. The shop has 3 floors. Verbos en inglés seguidos de preposiciéneeevevevuseveuvewewveuweeeedeeeeweweee Vetterss tm Good ot... ing Vim not Good otsne ing ~~ o-~ eee ZF mphosis — takes ‘The Subjunctive Mood ‘The subjunctive mood has a very unusual affect on verbs ina sentence. When we studied conditional sentences in Orange Level Lessons 12-14, you noticed this same strange affect. That's because the subjunctive mood and conditional sentences share some of the same qualities. Some teachers would aven say they are the same thing. TPR used ts Sp eee meena ral ex Used to ‘Suggest, recommend, request, ask, require, demand, insist A aash obo te, nat thee fan tert tee hn common that someone ating, Treg ct you todo something. [As you can see from the video, the verb in the subjunctive mood remains inthe simple form, ‘This is what the verb "be" look Ike in the subjunctive mood when these verbs-- ‘suggest, recommend, request, ask, require, demand, insist~come before it: singular plural tbe We be You be * You be HebeShe be They be tbe ‘The teacher asks that we be on time. | recommend that you be atthe aitport before 9:00 a.m, Bon demands that his daughter be home before 11 pam, ‘Our supervisoris demanding that we be availabe to work next weekend. Strange, ln‘ i? But fora native speaker, It's sounds okay, Using the simple form of the verb in this type of sentence applies to other verbs as wel: singular plural go We ro You go You go He go she go ‘They 60 eo (Our coach demands that we goto hed erly onthe day before the big match ‘The scholarship committee requires that he go toa college that is within the state of ‘Minnesota. you must leave clas early, | ask that you go quietly. For addtional practice, lek here for an exercise.‘The present subjunctive is almost the same as the present conditional that you learned about in Lesson Thirteen. These kinds of sentences usualy use "if or "wish." IF were rie, would glve more money to charity. wish t were rh. Inboth sentences, | arn not rich This isthe situation now, but the verb "be" sin the past tense, You'l also notice thatthe verb "be" doesn't seam to match the subject. Here's yet another strange thing about the subjunctive mood. Here's how the verb "be" is conjugated in the present subjunctive: singular plural were We were You were You were He were She were They were ewere All the other verbs~regularorIrregular-take the past tense in the present subjunctive bt only the verb “be" seems to violate the rules of subject-verb ‘agreement. Let's look sta few more verbs:Ifshe had time, she would goto the party. ‘She wishes she had the time, (She doesn't have time now, so she fn't going to the party.) {they didn't need the help, they wouldn't ask frit. (Bo they need help? Yes. That's why they are asking fort) He wishes he didn’t have to leave (Woes ne have to leave? Yes. Buthe would rather stay Lesson Fifteen Using "Wish"[Similar to conditional sentenc se that wse "wish to express [something isn't true now, oF it wasn’t true inthe past. To make {Sentences with "wish" properly, a knowledge of theSequence of (Tenses is important. | 1 wish Thad more money. cre dsr apron stain nit, Inthe mere moses) i She wishes he would tak to her moreoften, tied ite ds oes) crc pst hms eps Noe teSSeS KHHKHHeKEeewwe Orange Level Lesson Three Compound Sentences {John bought some new shoe, che wore them tox party. | + Lyaia ied her new house, 0» she dda ike the rout yard, + Wecangoseea movie," we can get something to eat, ise fn cach example there fa subject and a ver in each Independent aus. These Sentences canbe changed y raving the sabe: { Jotm bought some new shoes and wore them fo party. + Ladi tke her nem house but not + Weeangoseea movie or gtsomel [These ares god sentences, by removing the subject rom one part of Ihe, they are no longer comp sentences |[eompound sentences are often formed with these cordinting lonjunetions: 20d or nor sae sty ands (he seecoen- Learn ‘more about conjunetions in Red Level Lesson Fi Lesson Twelve The Future Conditionalsvfe san yer, andso am. renee cine, ‘was here yesterday, and so was he, [She was here yesterday, and he was too. “ligy were working, and so was | “They were working. and I was oo, “gan svi, and so can my bother, ean sim, an my brother ean oo ‘Teo fash on tive, and so could my ‘collegues "could finish on ine, and my colleagues oul tan “They might go fishing, and so might ve. “They might go fishing and we might 00. ‘We must work hard, and so must he. ‘We must work hard, and he mus! foo | should study more, and so should you 1 should study more and you shoud too, ‘They will go to the movies, and so wil [They will goto the movies, and I will to. ‘Twould earn more, and 9 Would my ‘partner. ‘Tyvould carn more, and my parmer would foo. 'Bill is going to rest, and so ar his fiends Billi going to rest, and his friends are too. ‘Jane studies German, and 30 do ‘Jane studies German, and Ido too, ‘Tike to go fishing, and so does my brother. [Li os king, nd my rote es feo. iy sieeF Wot here, and neither are my patents “My sister is not here, and my parents are fot ether, ‘They were not working, and neither was she, They were not working, and she was not citer, ‘She wes not iom Brel, and nether are they. She ies not fom Brazil, and they are not either. ~ Tan lay chess. and neither can yo loaat play chess and you cast either. She couldnt see the film, and neither could 1 ‘She coal see te film, and | couldn’, ther He might not stay longer, and neither might He mht not si loner ond we might not othe ‘We must no be ee, and elie st ou We best no be ee an you mst not ie, Tso dink so musi and ter ‘ould you I tout rink och, and you ‘Soult eer fey aie cies wail Ete Witten concert and 1 wont either ‘We Wollgk wonon Sundays and either Pies ‘We woul wor on Sanda, and she sud iber ‘Mai Kt eng 16 come, te weer ae ter culeren Mary sot going to cote, an ber children ren ele: Sst doo ksow’you ad eer do L Sum dees know You and don ibe, Tout ie sel, nd ees does my lscirpad Toth ike novels, ax my sendSUYERBRBUBEUBUBHOBHOHHHHGHOBBOwee El uso de 'be used to' y 'get used to' en inglés ‘Cuando se usa be used to en inglés significa estar acostumbrado hacer algo, Se forma: el verbo to be + used to + verbo con ing el gerund) jempos: | am used to getting up early. Estey acostumbrado a levantarme temprano. He is used to working on Saturdays. Ef esta acostumbrado a trabolar fos sabados ‘We are used to travelling by bus. Nosotros estamos acostumbredo a visjar en autobus. ‘Cuando se usa get used to en Inglés significa acostumbrarse a hacer algo. ‘Se forma: ol sujeto + l vorbo to be + get used to + el verbo con ing (el gerunlio) ‘lempios: |1am getting used to working in an office. Ms estoy acastumbrando a trabajar en una oficina. ‘She ie getting used to living in a city. Ela so esta acostumbrando a vivir en una cludad. ‘They are geting used to studying everyday. Eilos se estan acostumbrando @ estudlar edo tos dine ‘Tips (consejos) FRecuerde be used toy get usod to usan el gerundli (el verbo + ng) y reftioren at ‘resente mientras used to usa ol infinitive yrfiere al pasado, Pare mes informacién Sobre used to haga click aqul ejemplos: | used to workin an office - sola trabajar en una oficina. sm used to working In an office. Estoy acostumbrado a trabajar en una oficna. Tambien se puode usar get used to + ing con otros tlempos en inglés. lempios: {wll have to get used to getting up early. Tendré que acostumbrame a levantarme temprano. "had to get used to getting up early. Tuve que acostumbrame a evantarme temprano. | got used to getting up early. Me acostumbré a levantarme temprano ‘Ambos refieren al presente y van seguidos de un gerundio. To be used to: estar ‘acostumbrado hacer algo. To get used to: acostumbrarse a hacer algo.\eavusesueebeueoeveuvewwvwrvwv To be used to - estar acostumbrado a a ‘We were used to the sunny weather of the coast. Estdbamos acostumbrados al clima soleado de la costa. Joan is used to dealing with children Joan est acostumbrada atratar con nifios ‘Mr. Jones wasn’t used to all that luxury. £1 sefior Jones no estaba acostumbrado a todo ese Iuj. “They must be used to their nolsy neighbours. Deben de estar acostumbrados a sus vecinos ruidosos. {am not used to travelling by plane. No estoy acostumbrado a viajar en avin. ‘To get used to ~ acostumbrarse a (si sigue verbo, es un gerundio) SS People get used to new technologies. La gente se acostumbra a las nuevas tecnologias. Paul never got used to living in the country Paul nunca se acostumbr6 a vivir en el campo. | was getting used to working with Michael. Me estaba acostumbrando a trabajar con Michael We had got used to having you around. ‘Nos habiamos acostumbrado a tenerte por aqui. Lill never get used to getting up eary. Nunca me voy @ acostumibrar a levantarme temprano. USED TO - BE USED TO - GET USED TO lar pero diferente Los tres verbos: used to, to get used to y to be used to parecen muy similar, pero tienen significados diferentes. Miremos el significado individual de cada uno de los tras verbos. Verbo | significado Ejemplos | LUSED To take sugarin sep US4mos el USED TO para indicar que una my coffee but now X LYSED accién que ocurria regularmente en et don’t. pasado, ya no ccurre. Mary USED To work in a ‘cinema but she works in anoffice now. cer Usamos GET USED TO para expresar que ' Pedro went to live in USED hos estamos acostumbrant London. He is finding 10 oa tumbrando poco @ Pec? he change in culture a ‘una situacién nueva a algo que tocan rent but he| {estamos haciendo. Estamos en proceso de| is GETTING USED TO it. aceptacién o de aprendizaje. Tsui nave a few z a za Problems using my new F’Phone but {Vim GETTING USED To it Tittle by ttle. BE USED TO (y también got used to) Use _ *ianifica que ya nos hemos acostumbrado ° Pedro has been living In sep Sianifica que ya nos he oor ge” England for2 years. To 2 8situacién nueva oa hacer algo; algo England for 2v ‘que quizés fue difict. TO driving on the left, Formacién 2, Used tova —seguido por __el infinitive (sin to) Ejemplo: Heused to goto the cinema every week. 2. Be used tova seguido por la forma -ing del verbo Ejemplo: I am used to getting up at 7 o'clock. 3. Get used tova seguido por la forma -ing del verbo Ejemplo: I’m getting used to driving on the left side of the road. Ejercicios Used to ~ be used to - get used to Si quieres hacer ejercicios con Used to - to clica en used to - get used ‘To GETUseD To" EN EsPAROL to get used to {verbo} to get used to (vb) acostumbrarse a {[Link]) This wil help consumers to get used to euro prices. sto ayudard als consumidores a acostumbrarse a los precios en euros. {0 get used to (vb) (también: to bocome accustomed to to adapt to) hnabituarse (ref) We have to get used to various references which ee virtually cerca Hay que habituarse a varias referencias que, de hecho, cas son clerical.pedvessevebueeeeenaweeesree Fata alguna traduccibn? Héznoslo saber o suriere tu propia traduceién aq ‘epuccowes simLanes ‘Traducciones similares para "to get used to" - espaiiol soe used hnabituarse,acostumbrarse a geri DE Uso Ejemplos de uso para "to get used to” en Espafiol Estos enunciados provienen de fuentes externas y pueden ser poco precios. [Link] no es ‘responsable de su contenido, Mis Informacién aut “That is new and | think we need to get used to it, which may not be so simple, Esalgo nuevo y creo que debemae scostumbramosaelloy probablemente no ses sencilo. ‘But some Member States need slighty more time to get used tothe ides. No obstante, algunos Estados miambras necesltan mis tiempo para hacerse ala idea, Even Eurosceptics soon get used to good things, and become simply sceptics. Incluso los euroescépticos se adaptan alo bueno y acaban convertidos en meros escéptcas. We are only halfway: now we have to get used to the new institutional framework ‘Sélo estamos en la mitad del camino: ahora tenemos que hacer uso del nuevo marco institucional Its not quite the same as at home inthe Swedich Parliament, but you get used to italy ‘icky. ‘Aguilas casasno son coma en el Pavlamento sueco, pero uno se acostumbra con rapidez. stante “That ie something new ancl we wil have to get used to It Esto es alge nuevo ynos tendremos que acostumbrar aun a ello.SBBURBERBUBUHOUHHHKBHSHHHwWeS Its not, ite chocolate and you had betier got used to that fact. Nolo es, es chocolate y més vale que se hagan ala idea, ‘You will get used to it and you wil find it does not sadden you too much, ‘Se acostumbrars,y sé le entrsteceré moderadamente, One tends to get used fo itand resolutions are not sufficient. Tendemos 2 habituarnos las resoluciones no bastan, We could introduce enhanced cooperation, starting from the bottom up, ‘o get used to preparing our responce, Podrtamos mejorar la cooperacén, empezando desde abajo, para estar acostumbrados a Droparar nuestra respuestas, We should not get used to this situation. [No debemos acostumbrammos a esta stuaclén, We had better get used to the ides that a permanent transfer is pat ofthe challenge facing us. Mis vale que nos acostumbremoszla dea de que una transferencia permanente forma imperative que afrontames. ‘They will need time to get used to that too. También a esto deberd uno acostumbrarse But wo need to get used to this idea. it wil sil be cheaper than keeping these non= ‘ntograted people in our societies. Siempre costaré menos que conservar a estas personas no integradas en el seno de nuestras sociedades.BR_UveBRBEEYUSHHEAEA But, of course, the consumers and citizens ofthe European Union also need ‘to get used to using the euro. No obstante os consumidores y chidadanos de la Uni6n Europea naturalmente también deberén acostumbrarse a uso del euro. ‘30 think we must try tobe reasonable, to epend as litle money as possible, and then we can al get used tot Por eso ereo que habria que intentar ser razonables,gostar lo menos posible, y después ya nos iremos acostumbrando todos. Itis important that Pariament get used to saving inal areas and thet we do our work more efficiently. Esimportante que el Parlamento aprend a ahorrar en todos ls sitios y que planifiquemos nuestro trabajo con més efcacia. “There is stil, 2s wo are aware, a lot of work to be done, but feel that Turkey Is starting {olget used tothe dee of reform. ‘Queda mucho por hacer, lo saber, pero creo que en Turquia se empieza ha adquirir et hadbito de las reformas. It we get used to saving, we shal also have money to spend on necessary projects, for ‘example inthe fleld of tformation technology. Si aprendemos a ahorrar,podremos permitimos hacer ls inversionesnecesarias, por ejemplo, en tecnologia dea informacion. “They will have to get used to working together, to trading with each other and to developing together, just as we had to inthe Union. ‘Tendrén que acostumbrarse, como ese caso en la Unién, a coopera, comercar unos con otros ya desarrollasebueBUBBHEUESBOSODCTRPSGCRVUEHES (Soa¥ 6 Spare So as not to - para no Buided-iwis com Sothat ena Sill sin embargo, no obsiate ‘Thana «gue (en comparacionss) ‘Therefore - por lo tsto ‘Though - euneve «fmless = menos que ‘Until - hasta que © Whenever ~ cata vez que, cuando [However - sn embargo © Whereas - siendo que, mientras irs Whettier- si “Imease of - en caso de Whetlier...or-si.o Inorderto-pare While = micntra, mientras que, aunque Moreover ademis, poroiraparte Yet - sin embargo, no obstante [According to (cénding chu) ~ de acuerdo a Everihing was done sssording t his instructions = Todo fe sho de acuerdo a ‘gus nsrucciones [After (after) - después que [Fite saried to eat afer he had waahed his hands = Gomscid comor después de ‘haberse lavado las manos. [Aller be had eaten, he vent toed ~ Despuds de que habia comido fa cama ‘Althous (old6u) - aunque, si bien - (although = though = even though) ‘Although he was ot fll he was excellent at basketball-+ Aunigue no era alto, era ‘cncelente pare ol bajonees0 “Although she appears to be happy, she is actually very sad - Anque parece estat “feliz, eta muy triste en realidad ‘And-y | Bill bays thngs andl seis hem at a igher price Bill cormpra Coss y ls vende a “un precio mas alto {As - eumndo, mientras, medida que como [AS the ovo boys walled down the sree, they found a wallet ~ Mieates los dos ‘chicos eaminahn por lea, encontraron un iletera "AS winter approaches, the temperature gets colder and colder ~ A medida que se ‘aproxima el iver a temperaia se poe cada vs mis fle te entered the restaurant she saw us Cuando oni al estauran ella nos vid&BUE ‘woman -- Ella sctuaba como una toed) ag they think ~ Eino es in intligente como cllos piensan though) ‘He acts as if he were rich ~ Elactia comp si fuera rico « They treat me asif they didn't know me Me tatan como sino me conocieran ill started to shop as ithe had won the lottery ~ Bill comens6 comprar come si hnubiera ganado la laters. «They looked as if they hadn't slept for days Ss veian como si no hubieren Mlormid desde hice dias |As long as (as ing as) - mientras, siempre que | You can say Were i lang as You work hard $e pi wir al ichins si- (as if= in ths ity as longa Team ~ Vivo est cidnd mientras pueda _ Nobody wil know about this seert as og 9s ou hep mmr Nie te de exe secret mietes mantengss a boca eras [As 00m as (as sina) - en evant, fn pronto emo 1 ilo hs ork aon aT ean Fd Gn eo an pro ons pueda She started to work as soon a8 she graiated from te ven» Comer s teas tn poo como se gad de nivrsia ‘As though (as dé) - como i - (as i= as though) Wer agi | My sister aswell as John will goto the movies morrow — Miligibiada asi como Join, isn al cine mana a ‘Shes intelligent as well ay kind — Fla esnteligenteademis de amable = She works as well as she studies -- Ela trabaja arlene de estadior [Because (bi6s) - porque icon’ want to go out because itis too cold No quiero salir porque ésid demasiado Bio [Because of - debido a + They stayed in betause ofthe bad weather Pos & guchaton casi debigo al Imaltiempo + (GSES Sat pet play sports cause of her ness Ella no pucde prctcer deportes ebido a su enfermedad [Before (bits) - antes que ‘Billy washed his tiands before he siaried to eal ‘empezar a comer : |; Head trained for-years before he decided to box professionally ~ El habia Jenttensdo durante aos antes de decides» boxearprofeconalmente Both...and (b6uz..dnd) - tantoncomo ; He speaks both softly and cicariy/— Eitan suavemene Gino Waramiente = She lays both the plano and the harp — Ela goa tno el piano como el arpa Billy se lave sus manos antes deBUEBUBBEBBBSORBHOSSVHRBORBUVHUS ap Ss a Yaa wea Wa == HAD Uae pero vo (ee [Ske say me, but she aldo recognize me — Me vis pero no me recooocis [But-sioo Re vin Agana Wal rom > i ce Argentina ito de Brad rk bgt he rested all ay No ab bo que deena tel la (ero) = on 0 [Bla Wario worcax qt ti busines O Gaps aaa ode ee negocio (Cte must be sither very brave or very crazy -- Fl debe ser o muy yaliente o muy Ines (Yow should ether work a tady —Tideberis, obo, oestudar |Bven though (iven déu) ~ aunque (although = though = even though) = yer although Except (xed) exceptessalo ame \- ‘They would go to Europe, except they have to go to Japan -- Irian 2 Europa salvo oes at For - porque |- We'll have to stay home, far it is raining outside -- Tendremos que quedarnos en Kaas poet lovepto avers “ela greet hers oF he was very angry ~ En sug porque taba my cenojado: E'She turned on the lights, for she was afraid of dar Encendi las nes eels noes ‘Furthermore (féerdermér) - ademas - (furthermore = moreover) ‘She docen'é want to study and furdhermore she doesn't want to work either — ‘Ela no quiere estudiar, adem, tmpoco quire taser “Tle was abad person, and furthermore Ye was very proud ofthat era ura pts y ademas, estaba muy oguloy Je eso [However Gooéver- sin embargo - (however = nevertheless /notwithstanding) “They were wo hang Ril Honever they say al night Eos no se eluban \divirtendo, sin embargo, se quedaron fods la noche “He didn't study much, however he got good grades ~ Fro estaba mucho, sin mbergo, oben bets potas it “HB Vout Gini Wo muck jail get drank = Si babes demasiado, Wenbrrashands “Ifyou spend more than you car, you' become & poor man ~Si gatas mis de 10 “que Banas, te converts en un hombre pobre “Ife were in my place, he wouldn't do this Sit estvies an mi usar, no aria eto [In case (of)SSFeOesseeeeseeeuveseuseseueueea [Bree Window ia abe af mrgency ~ Ronan Vn cn cas de Gerwenca |; Call this mumberin ease you get lost ~ Llama este miners ovence de ‘que te = The ey in EE av on in orto EI in tenpeano eh eee drop Paris i por otra parte - (furthermore = moreover) [Namely imi) - saber “There were two people in the howe ame To dnd Wary Heh dbs pononas (ele cast, a sibr tomy Mary Ella no toma mi vino ni eervera ‘tha fim —Ni Susan ni Bill quieren ver esa [Nevertheless (néverdés) - sin embargo, no abstante (however = nevertheless aaree Riana Nor - ai Bill didn’t come today, not will he come tomorrow — Bill po vino hoy ni (capo) ea a oT Notwithstanding (sisi) mo abnnte :Verhowever = or- _ He never works. He is always sleeping or watching TV = 2 nunca) ‘trabaja, Siempre ‘dem ohare ‘ {iit alta mony they end er ny ote ar nslarvun he word ‘nto Sat : [Or ee ore) - sin You stiouid stidy harder) dr esd you will Tal the test = Deberias esludiae mis duro, Shores nema Ii mst ve no arte wi rive ne ‘Megarén tarde le otra manera, si nopBBeoeoeoaRveeeeoeoeaSevaUeRaUaeuvUeuwue ‘product, provided T can pay for it by credit card - Compraré cl produto, sempre que pues pari con ls rete de ert "They will beieveyou, pravided you syear that itis true Te creed, sempre que ures que es verlad [Providing proving - siempre que conta de que - (provided = providing) The fishing neXt weekend, providing it doesn't rain ~ Ellos iran a pescar el jximo fin de semana, siempre que no llueva |Since (sins) - puesto que, = fee - Since it was too late, they decided to go to sleep, ~ Puesto que era demasiado tarde, Sone |" She shouldn't eat so much, since she is alittle fat ~ No deberia comer tanto puesto = ee Smaetene ‘So as not to- para no aaa RT PS Cee ea ee ee fs oe te eres Giga bier = eberis ‘pred: mis voabultio pars aue pueda: hla ne PThey dethieatoaay cesta mney abthal they would be able lo g6 on vacation — ‘Decidieron ahorrr dneto extra para poder ir de vacaviones ~ He gave her a present so that she would feel hetter~ Fle dis un rege para que ‘ella se sienia mejor |< Siack didn't study much forthe tes; ill he managed to pass it —Juck no esudid ‘auch para la prucha,no obstante, se las ares para aprobar |-He can not speak very well sill he understands everyting ~ fo puede hablar bien, eltiempo ‘han - que (en comparaciones) [hy sae Have more problems than they peed que espetaben Bs fate earning English i more difficult than she thought ~ Ela jescubi ‘You will have greater opportunities _the better the education you have. ‘a8 you have bettorimore education. The violence becomes worse the more (the) unemployment increases. ‘as the unemployment increases. We ate less like to comply the more he imposes rule: ‘More commonly the subordinated clause is placed at the front of the sentence and begins with the. Note the parallel construction of the two parts. This is @ scalar comparison, One thing changes as the other changes. The reverse is not necessarily equivalent: The harder they work re more we pay; The more we pay = the harder they work. (ESDRORDNATEAUSETN TM wwireanyeause The better tho education you have, the greater the opportunities you will have. ‘The better the education, the greater the opportunity (reduced)BRBEEURHEUUHDHUEHHHHKCK HHS ‘The more (the) unemployment increases, the worse the violence becomes. ‘Tho higher the unemployment, the worse the violence. (reduced) The more he imposes rules, the less likely we are to comply. the less the compliance. (reduced) ‘compliance ~ when someone obeys a rule, agreement, or demand impose — to force someone to have the same Kleas, beliefs, ete. a8 you Common Mistakes Focus and Solutions Error and Solutionese vuevsvnvuveevseseuvueuvuvvsevves ‘The more we saw, the more our disbelief. Unbalanced ‘The more, the worse. (2) Unclear reference ‘The more rain, the worse flood. Missing articles “The more | know, the better job I will get. Missing article ‘The more we saw, the less we could believe / the more we couldn't bel {specific to a person) ‘The greater the disaster, the more the disbelle. (general, al) Use parallel (lke) structures in each half ofthe expression. ‘The more the cars, the worse the traffic. ‘The more the noise, the worse the experience. ‘Add nouns to make the topic / subject matter clear. ‘The more it rains, the worse the flooding is. (complete the clause) ‘The more the rain, the worse the floodiflooding. (or add the) This expression requires the article the before tho adjective and the noun.SSBSREUEH TOUT HHKTHH ws {will gota better job the more | know. (basle word order) ‘The more | know, the better the job I will get. (fronted elause) ‘The more you know, the better tho job. (reduced fronted clause) This expression requires the article the before tho adjective and the noun,snouovuveveeeueseoeueseseueueueueuuee | _Pronombres Indefinidos Volver a Pagina General de Pronombres [Everyone (évri vi Everybody (évi bédi) = Todos/as, todo el mundo ‘Everyone went to the party - Todos fueron a a festa i: | Bvervbody was daneing and singing - Todo el mundo estaba bailando y cantando [Has exervbody had a good sime?- Todos fa han pasado bien? (han fenido un buen tiempo) f 'No one (nou uén) = Nobody (abu bs) = Nadie ‘Noone complained about that - Nadie Se quej6 acerca de eso Tiknow nobody here - No conozco a nadie aqui Nobody understands me ~ Nadie me entiende | Someone(simuan) = Somebody (simbéai) = Alguien = Alguien les ‘coming -Pucdo ver aa alguien vinindo Anyone (éniuén) = Anybody (éni bid) = Alguien (al prepuntar) Nadie (al negr) Does anvone speak ings? -j Alguicn buble inglés? 1s there anybods here? ; Hay alguien aqut? {don't know anvone here No eanoo a made acut ‘They didn’t see anvone there - No vieron 4 nadie ahi Everything ( évri zing) = Todo _Evervthing was ready for the wedding - Todo estaba listo para la boda “Teis impossible to know evervthing- Fs imposible ser todo ‘heard evervthing they said = Oi todo 0 que ellos bebacon | Nothing (nizing) = Nada ‘He thinks that nothing is impossible - piensa que nada es imposible ‘ean do nothing aout tht - No puedo hacer sad acerca de 30 ‘They understood nothing Flos no entenderos nat ‘Something (sim zing) ‘Something was wrong with the ear ~ Algo estaba mal con el auto Do you have something to eat ?- ;Tienes algo para comer? Twant to tell you something - Quiero decire algo Anything (6ni zing)= Algo (al preguntar) Nada (al negat) ‘you say anvthing ? - ;Dijiste algo? ‘id they find anything interesting ?-;Freontraron slgo interesante? | don't understand anything you say ~ No entindo nada de lo que deals |Tean not eat anything today - No puedo comer nada hoySSO 8 FORSSK HHHHHHE _ Questions | Gagne | thouaeanas WI- QUESTIONS EMBEDDED ‘What ? ~ (Qué? ;Cual? ;Cuaies? ‘What else? - ;Qué més? Which ? - :Qué? gCual? ,Cudies? How ? - ,Cémo? :Cuin? ‘How else ? - ;De qué otra manera? ‘When Cho? Where ? - ;Dénde? :Adénde? Where else 2 :Dénde mas? Why 2 :Por Whom ?- 2A quién? A quignes? Whose ?- ;De quién? ze quicnes? How much ‘How often ? - ;Con qué fieeuencia? How long ? - :Cuino tiempo? ,Que longus? ‘How long go? - ;Hace cuanto tiempo? How old ? = ,Qué edad? ;Cuan viejo? How soon ? - ,Cués pronio? ‘How big ? - (Qué tamano? {Cun grande? How far? lejos? ‘How tall ? - :Q¢ estatura? ;Cuan alto? ‘How deep 2 = Qué profiundidad? How early ? - ,Cuén temprano? How late ? - {Cuin tarde? How heavy ? - :Qué peso? pesado? How thiek ? = :Qué espesor? goin = ZA qué distancia? ;Cuén Cuan What time 2 Ou hora? A gs to? What hind” = Ovclase 08 so? hatheppane? hala happeed? Wht would happen? (2) Past (51 Future Past Conditional Whst happened? What il happen? het would have Rappenes? 3] Present Perfect (6 Future Port |(S)Modal Verbs Wosthashappenes? What hoe Wife, oul) happen? ‘What would have happened ? ~ ¢ Qué habria pasado ?BREHeveH2uBeBRBEBEaE BEBE HBHEHE ‘Subject + would have + V3 views [Twould have gone tothe fice ava donlnoicea go” —-went—gone Fru would Lave come fom Branl- Tula wero de QS Bisa ome Bt cam ew Eda five lived lived work worked worked sen Tave done tat werk Tavoinivieincta oo (EEBEI SRT TET one youldn’t have given the orders - Eno habia dado as lrdnes |She wouldn't have visited anybody- Ells no hava visitndo adie “They wouldn't have traveled anywhere-Ellosnoharian Isadora pare {Interrogative—-Woi [Would I have brought leva? travel traveled traveled Imoght brought {Would you have taken the books ? -;Habeias tu llevado los g [wou teke took taken [What would he hav “ay anid aid Malls vested pens? ay ace sd Fut ne iodination Heol ned Simple Past Conditional: To go ‘Affirmative Negative Interrogative | would have gone Iwould not have gore Would | have gone ? id have ¢ ‘You would nat have gone Would you have gone ? uld not have gone Would he have gone ? ~ She would not have gone Would she have gone ? She would Have gone- twouldnot have gone Would ithave gone ? ‘We would nethave cone Would we have gone ? ‘You wouldnot have gone Would you have gone ? ‘The TT They wouldhave gone [MY would nathave uss they have gone? "To Be: stocur'To Hay. Iho tener 4 ii Veto ToRe Verbo To Have : Forma) aaa Fae ems Aims Hamme Netstia tg ‘I would have been a tirmer I would have fad a farm ‘You would bave been tired You would heve had to rest He! She/Itwould have Hic! Shes would have been sik had fever Wewould have Wewould have been musicians had isrmeris Yon wouldibave | oi would nave had to been tosting shut up enna seu (The Weald kdee penne Gia Bjemplos ‘ria Sdo un geanjees” abel wn anja ee ‘Whar estalg enferro/a i abria tendo fiebre e : HHabriamos tenido Habrlmos sido msoas Hebeemos tc ‘aban esto erinado Habra ede gue callarse iE cs Eos abrion tendo dinero Tambien (10) (0) ~ [ative Go) (oy es) (other) i ey ‘ain no tired il Wether ft my’ iends am hungry, ns ro ee [aro es ny Ba reaSUR RD Sue eneeee es Ce wrwrwwmyr | Lesson Twenty-four ‘Appositives ‘An appositive renames a noun in a sentence. There should be ‘a comma before and after the appositive: + Our teacher, Paul, made this website. + This guitar, a Gibson, was made in Korea. + Mayor Johnson, an opponent of the construction project, asked the city council to find alternatives. ‘Appositives are not suitable for every situation. They're very ‘common in newspaper articles, TV broadcasts, and formal writing, but appositives are not as common in conversational English. It depends on who you talk to. tn this video, your teacher explains what an appostive In this exercise, you can practice writing appositives into ‘sentences: Example: Our favorite band is playing tonight. (add "The Mice") favori Mice, is playing toni 1, My neighbor died last week. (add "Joe Rollins") 2. The car was found by the side of the road. (add |Malibu") 2012 Chevy 3. The man over there is the principal of the school: (add "Dr. Stevens.)| | | | || 1. My neighbor, Joe Rollins, died last week. | es |answers: | 2. The car, a 2012 Chevy Malibu, was found by the side of the road, 3. The man over there, Dr, Stevens, isthe principal ofthe school, 4. The planted their entire garden with Alea, also known as |Hotlyhocks Orange Levelbe vevesveeaeeeeeeeenuunuvuvuvees Lesson Eighteen Still and Anymore se” is happening or not happening lup to the present. He still likes to go to that restaurant. Example ‘We are stil trying to learn how to use this computer. | still haven't seen that movie. ““anymore" is used with negative statements and questions. It indicates that something is finished or not happening. It often lappears at the end of a sentence. | don't like to go there anymore. Idon'tneed anymore help. Orange LevelSOC EETEEKCTHETKKHK KKH HOH ES Lesson Twenty | Embedded Questions ‘An embedded question is contained within a statement or a ||question. The important thing here is word order: 1) 1. Io’ know wher the ibrar | 2, Doyounow where the ibrar is? ‘compare to: Where is the library? |The first two examples show an embedded que: [frortorder is subjectand then ver. n. The || |The third example is just a regular question in which the word. [order is verb and then subject. In this lesson, we will learn labout how to make questions and statements that have |Guestions within them. This lesson is similar to Lesson Six in _| {the Orange Level. | Frequently these are used in conversation: Embedded | Question — | Question | | I don't know what | Ietastes ike, | ‘Do you know what tasteslike? ||tean't remember | where | bought it. thavenoidea | | |where they moved | Ito. [Does anyone know | Where they moved | Wheredidtheymoveto? 0? | 1 | | | Idon't know why | they change colors. lUsthere a website i that can explain |why leaves change | [olor in the far? | Why do leaves change color | jn the fall. _| |I'mnot sure how | longshe'sbeen | igone. | Does anyone know | how long she's, been gone? How longhasshe been | [fm not sure how | |much | paid for them. Does the receipt [show how much t paid forthem? asGreen Level Lesson Twenty-four get + past participle it’s very common to put "get" and a past participle ‘together in English to describe an action performed 'by another person or by yourself. The person doing tthe work does not have to be named. For example. ‘This work will get done later today. ‘Who will do the work? We don't know. The main verb, "do" follows the verb "get" in this sentence. ‘The verb tense is indicated by the verb "get." The ‘sentence above is in the future tense. Included in this lessons are simple yet common ‘examples of how "get" Is often used with a past participle in American English. Not al of these lexamples are in the passive voice.Her thumb got hurt when lusing the stapler. (Remember: The passive Wvoice is not always the ibest choice. Ordinarily, 1 \would probably say, "She lhurt her thumb when lusing the stapler.") |she got her fingers stuck in] 'a bowling ball. He got stuck in the mud,lis finger got caught in the| jaws of a piranha. lis car will probably never| \get built. Ifyou don't do your job, ivou might get fired. If they get this trafic light fixed soon, they'll go have lunch Fill in the blanks with "get" and the past participle. The ‘tenses are indicated for each: Write your answers by hand. sheThe window past tense) it future tense) Pedro tense) The cake tense) The lights tense) very easily. (break — sometime next week. (fix ‘on Friday. (pay ~ present . (frost ~ present continuous incorrectly. (install - pastLesson Eleven Reported Speech / Indirect SpeechSSCCCESCKTKTKEKHKEKC KCK HTH [When someone says something, how do you describe it to another person? This lesson will focus on reported speech, oF You can call it "indirect speech, Direct speek: "This meat sls bd" sid Tom, UnairetSpotc: Tom sd thatthe meat slo bad ‘Nie thatthe spoken words are in quotation marks: is mea sms bad” ‘The ver "smells isin the present tens. hangs to "uel tho pas tense ‘The chart below shows the sequence of tenses and how verbs change when using Indirect spect (is Siero tone seat | QdanaLtense. —>,cnanged to | rat > Pat Present Continuous —9 Past Continuous Past > Past Perfect | Present Peract —9 past Paect wt 3 vous can 9 cous may —> might | [rastie, Write your answers ona pce of paper. Then lok blow forthe correct verb 1. Li be ready by 10:00" —> She said that she ___be ready by 4 0. 2. "The mail isn't here yet.” —D He sad thatthe m here yet 3 "They have lived here 10 years." — Bill said they. here 10eReRRECKHHKHEHTHCHHFBeVFFTF joing to rain today?" —> | |] 5 Moeknows tot of people” —? He said that Joe alotor | people. «6. Mean you play the guitar?” — She asked me if play the sitar lnc speech fora question usually ses it or whether in the sentence, Notce that #4 and are not writen ith 1 question mark. That's beenuse the speaker describing the |aneston, ot asking Orange Levelture conditional dese Something that might happen in the future with a condition. I often uses "i." xamples goto the park tomorrow, wl bring my do. "IF goto the park tomorrow" in the presen tense, il bring my dog" is nthe future te 5 seater modal verb: can might and uss a modal verb You al mast ee [Notice the use os comma () atthe end ofthe fst cs | erentesa dependent claure The order of the sente Lesson Thirteen The Present ConditionalPi pest condo ecribey tet om hat in as oF ing. Teachers also call this the present unreal or preseat contain Bsample 11 ba «milion dtr, I woul get awe ally flends. Iter nada milion daliars is nthe pst tense, bt it deserbe a possible station (or imposible situation lathe present, 1 wou give away tall my frends" ells the outcome ofthe condition You can ae "would "cold" "might," of “should ln these kinds of | wa 11m nt you s0 this deserbes a situation that not true. Notice wee” is used with "ant that strange? Bat t's correct nge I Lesson Twenty-two Question Words + "have to" [Because isso common fo make nformaton questions using "have this Jesson son just at The most impran hing to remembers that ts helping ere and tha modal verbs determine the tense, ‘Guesion wer + Where do younaveto gotaday? «+ Thave to go towerk. + Where does he have to goleday? «+ ‘He has tego to work + How many shite do Ihave to buy to» You have to Buy twoPast Tense Gussion ‘Arwer eee 7+ had 0 getmy boos + Why did younavetoseethe doc’? * Nato ia had to pay over ‘$3000, iiure Tene owes ae ‘How long wil have to takethis + Youtt have to taka it medication? Unt he pain goes stay, + Whenwill she haveto bettoren «* Shell have to be there by 200. aco alo ws bane Wag Sa [+ Howiong dothaveto takaihis «You have to take tun mesesten? the pan gos away. | + When does sheave to betere? | * Sha Rab tobe reyDUCHESS TEHKCEHKEHKEHTKCTOE 8.3. Particular prepositions, particles: contrasts (1) 8.3A Propositions, particles, etc. often confused and study: rd 110 isused Mrecas use about ad ono mean ‘sinceing’ We use anin a tna way, «91 serio & textbook: entbook on physics abou 2 according ow by ‘We useaecoraing ft fet informa einer 9 book abou ans a ec secordng lots gue book Wer wo ea 0 OSA, we 05 sorte acsorag eno We can se Bo according when we eer 10 aC 8 Anata: Bor Aseorang my wate, 83.75. hocan uuebot hes pepostions to ‘vere oad ver We cannot we moan ram on a 10 oer My house is gras ‘vero arge eas: They aying 2 pipeline cross ore hatter) We Ute over ae var ke wadrto mean re and tore. We we Site necro movement tragh war She swam across the Channel. (Not “ove the ‘Brana But wo say over a atl foce (NOt 30527) 4 across ano trough ae oetrem ane side othe on rfersio someting ke eel voi ape sr ecmething denee(Pwough th ores fy assets toa age area (across he dese hme nore ho park, we can use ether across oF MOU | tterand atorwards Bree ase a neun of pronoun wth at: er unin > 814 We use atewars on aot a sun to sea, Aerwards we lay on he Beach. Not “Aer #5 around and about | Se aut Scwe oy mtr shoud 2 af foand against Fea a eces the good, iver, Alle verse tomato means kia ai Res ow ai and rio or someone to cae). When ere noe. ing ara arcane tow be nal aga! he wal Ars nie fn agains. We use aor puod'x pce af 100 mies an ur at $2 9a. way f LEG App 259-17 | AY. 19\comnce wh aia aay aro aay roma vto whic ee | | bacause ard because of tee one emo gue areeson’ Welk he party because wasnoiy. > 18} We use = eee pronoun star because ut We le he pat because of the noise. 10 before in ont of nae’ ge, wor /ive ios away. (Nl “ive S miss a away) peter a pteata retro ime (afore 7) nfo and apposite, hic tes | TERE We can us ether betore oi ront far the vert come ars go 1 ein, the back (of and Back aan oe gronoun ater bind ahi ts house) or wo can use cnt on (teresa garden Gone, Or we can ‘ya te back of hs houses a! Pe Back. rer cause back with aan: noth back means ret he Posptlity Dor use backer tr: We retuned oa (No teurod back) Nota 3 years back = 80). wet£3 Parr repotons pares: coat Write: Supply stable words. ter tothe nates ony when you ave to saboutox on? tre stern 1 Red's arle.m/B80¥. ne kc. 20 Come a 8m wor 2 Frond alt otbooee animus, 2 Werks up Our gegsatedepan secorng 0 by” 22 Wohad a sum ane ao bad actpndgph Pon ne aon ig. [round or aout? {eroes or over? ta pete Wend 2 a 24 Iwish you's eon fockng 2 25 Late stow you Sind pouse 6 Theres newsagents OVE. theread. 26 He nes somewhereu.5" Manchest. 7 Noorewarisappeline cic:iAlska. a fooragalnat” We skates ‘roren ke. 27 Tm ot very god. ures 1 Im ging ta sim th ce 25 Thiow tm so hat an at ‘eros throug? Eb, 10 Noting ean tows pe 11 Wemaragodto get {N25 he unl, 31 Rn iserivng “1. 0D lesan how 12 Fue never aad Sho pare 32 We rave comb 1 $2 enc, ‘way (a ar ahr possi) pe Storm clouds .z..in the stance, $3 There's a garden infront and one be. i bohind atthe ack of) bac? 14 London 15 ies Gullo hore Ot Keep hs ook dont want to Deenuser deenuse on ot 8 Theme gwaen the house 15 Feauon' get wor PCS jwae 3G saw him fo years 16 enon got to work 2c ry domes, 87 Thayinuteg ue We mut inv ham before or in trontof! 88 Wehaoto 0 ate he pay 17 Mako sure your re bs 7 3 Putte piace, 18 wa for you 09h ena, 40 Nvetaon ney won 19 You come main the ge 1 Veit tt ta hae but i 8.38 Context Write: Putin about according to, cross, ator, at away, because, blr, behind in font on |AGOOD EYE FOR ALEFT EAR yan onan, wh ves. AEM... he road, develops a printing "so. Jonathan mos of us take af pues ‘tym fal oan the eubeet so mat he yee & aot ‘oven te pte. Sorina the Sujet sto far ‘orwimes oo nes. Some pols ae pail ecaae he ga us Sorpgl us ake lank ptr nw ke he ans cover ofS “wo nate akan our sol. We ake moe of or pctres thew ae okay and Se oe ou ends when Thy foo SEES Suey we corps yo Pat = ws quorotay Aap fosue/on py wil aa eno pts bn ‘ost us ao az to bth | aka Jonathan whal was the wort fn fe had over seon He dnt have fo ink very hard. bt! the quosion Al ence he answered, Twory four shots fhe phatograsha tear" BRMRRARHRARARARARARARHRAHRAATD8.4 Particular prepositions, particles: contrasts (2) 8.4 Prepositions, particles, etc. often confused and misused (5 LEG App 25.1218, 25.25), study: [1 beside ana besides (2a | Roede + nounfpronoun means next to St beside me sis wih or wut an object trea adaton 1 or" wal st Tere were many peope here Besides (us) | between an among We comany ure Deteento show a dion béwaon wo peopl, things, o res Dine ns between you both. We vas mang » ll noun reer oa mass peopl ‘Wore you among the people present? We saeinos use fetweento refer more Man Wo, thove canbe vanod sparsely Dar? snake Between courses. 23 but or ana excop (or) | ut fontecapt fon mean wah the excaptin of: Everone has helped bu (orkexcep (or) | secon cee ut haut fl, bt tobe seronce: Excopt forBut for you, everyone has held (Nat “Excopt youu you evenone Except orb forcan mean not: Weve been on time excep! forbut or eso Bycanmean ht next 10: Si By me, We oe ue the words Aghor ase in on oy: The | hoses nt byelowe by be ston Nearor rtf ron usualy sugges shar way om | hetve nearmot fr from London. On meaner ret orbotco when we eer fine ‘ur hovss ie rghtan the road can soe whats on my le 5 pyand past (© Vase ener wore ater vos of motion go nun, wa ec) 1 mean beyond in space orn! \ ie went ight bypast me wihou speokng, A ew dys want byrpes 8 by, with an without oemane = RAST, {ote wa by ie races: By bus by ca bypost Wl alia se telethon YYoucanopon@ by moving to catch y can eter tne ara rae: Im pa By the Nour Wit vot sero thing (especialy ols onsruments which wo need io use: You can ape” ‘ithntnout a Botle-apener. 7 down, up. under and over ‘own’ the oppose o up aed shows drecton foward ler love, especialy wth “movement ves Les eb upidown We ca ais we up ad down show postin: He lives upidown the stroet Unser suagats aig covered Le’ st under a tree Overcan have the meaning coverng Koep fs Blank! over you veto and owing to ‘We often use eter ene or heater. However, due oi lose anown + be Our dey {noun mac be) dis t‘eaused by Ie heavy ato. Ong = because os lates to he ‘ort The noadeast was cancoed re) owing tobecause of he tke. tic a tie cs comare wi) olowed by ane or penoun: There's no ane Sk Jo you. We fan aso uoe It emean such a ne paope ke the Fs. Like a lo rean ‘ii 1 | Inthe same way ao was ie a dream, He acts hk ang. || uso ast ‘ite? +ebect to mean the capacty of work asa receptionist | Wo aio us av to give areason > taf As the lat bus had let we waked home. ‘Vio use to irermaly to tedues alae, especaly m amerean Engish: Like ttd you. its an ofr cant refs. Alot nave speakers of English nk this wong vinite weon Wirt: suppy suttle word. era e nates only when you have to. sider besides? by, with without? 1 Who was song deeeyou? 21 Ourdog wes ht. bus 2 Who's iad us? 22 You can opan it. pling tis aver. 23 Wa ast car is gotteucnhoot dv, 23 Dents are paid” he hour between ot among? 24 wort open abate pero, 4 Divide equally. he wo of you ‘down, up, under ard over 5 Swizeland ae. fowather counties, 25 Myre ives beso B tsa you. the rod 25 Thobus go stuck. the dg, ‘but for) except or?” 27 Putths Hanks. your knees, 7 Tho plana wouldve landed... thalag. gue tor owing fo? 8 Everyone cont flowers... you, 28 Our sccess wa oo. ce 8 wn you everyone srt flower, 29 Fights were delayed. he sr, 10 Everyone's era John, 30 Helesthis job. bad ht, 11 Who John woulda thing We tha?” ker as? by, nearor on? 31 Theres no bushes... ow busines 42 Laat the phone al ering. 22 nn alawyer, would sie ean 13 Wale Manchest 13 [once wotkad ats conduct 14 Ouro is night her 134 This motorway 6 aca pat 15 —-- my ight Ihave Frank ian, 35 People... the Jones always copys, yor aaa 38 cel was aig, Nook 16 The ba won gh my head! 57 elaine ts a publ olay tay 157 Several days wert. bors ad news. 38 Hse mate... hs mother than eft 18 Slop er co your nest vt 239 Whos used hie inte astro er? 18 Sonsting few... my oar 40 Youre ust... yourbroter, 20 Wer your bedi, 41 Ho spends money ss .-armionae, 8.48 Context Wirte: Putin among, 35, basse, bomen, by. down (or up, du, excel Ke, past, wiht DELIVERED ANO SIGNED FoR! iy grandmoter used sy, ‘Dan sign rani theckin fst fg te good ade whan to eiver-men bough my new sseboard yostrday. Delivery mas very ‘so? {0 ha haay vate on he road sath dtvey van go" the house ad stop cutie a neighbours : ‘he deat Than | watched reverse unt stopped ah my house wen ove lok no fh bak ot the van tore was my vy boar several pecs of turret was que heavy, tthe tw nan managed : ‘ham. Soon, tha beaut siebowd wa n lace Ihe ring room wal ha wad s ong fort was Sear itwas only when the men at at eae | ad chacted evening hekaye had ban devered 7 ey 1 wast late to ane tha eno, bu eect have word Bocas nox morning te kaye sre inthe pst. unlocked te sdsboar aa ound note sie when 2d Key wl tolow et! v3 ®P@mpnmnnnANnAnAnanaananananananaor try this quiz. Lesson Twenty-three Superlative Adverbs superlative form describe Adverbs usually ond in "ly" [Making the superlative form for adverbs is | leven more difficult than the comparative form. Many Americans avoid doing it, so you ‘might not hear it used very often. |He rides his bike most | frequently in the imoming.. ae - f Ee | | | | work at school and at lhome during the week, 'but | work most comfortably at my desk ‘on the weekend.fi. | ‘Sho is most likely to lbecome adoctor after | ‘she finishes med school, the | \Birds sing most | ‘beautifullyin the ‘morning. | (Some aavarbe dont iy enangs. orto Word, jut ad "ost | 5 They play | | tegetton but they | playbest when | | they're under | preseure. | |= They perform theworst on the fiold when thoy don't practice. | +" John is the hardestworkin g player on the team. | + Burtruns | the fastest, so he's | awide receiver.Next: Lesson Twenty-four Lesson Twenty-si The Eight Parts of Speech Now that you have almost finished the first three levels of this program, ! want you to think about the eight parts of speech. When you study a language, it helps to label the different parts of a sentence or a question with the following terms: Nouns Pronouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Conjunctions Prepositions Interjections This is the classic list of words that teachers use when talking about the eight parts of speech, but | also like to mention articles as well because theyare so important in English. If you still need help understanding what these words do in a sentence, go back to the lessons in which they are explained. Nouns: These are words that function as subject, | objects, and objects of prepositions. A noun isa ‘person, a place, a thing, or an idea, jouns: These are words that lace of a noun. Words like “he, /"his," and pronouns. It important to know the | differences among subject, object, | possessive, and reflexive pronouns. | these words describe the act action in a sentence. The key to | understanding English well is to focus on the way verbs change. You have probably already noticed that most of the lessons here are about verbs and the various tenses in which they are found. Adjectives: Use adjectives to provide | information about nouns. Adjectives describe color, size, degree, depth, quality, e ‘Adverbs: These are words that you use to ‘describe verbs, adjectives, and other ladverbs ‘Conjunetions: Joi id words together with the use of conjunctions, There are many | different kinds, but the two basic groups of ‘conjunctions are coordinating and ‘subordinating. Prepositions: These small yet important ‘| | words indicate position, location, and relationships,PROCESS RCEHCESCSSHGRREFF" ‘exclamations are interjections. the: } words such as "wow," “hey,” and "yeah." | ‘This is the least important among the eight parts of speech. I's much more important, for instance, to learn about ai Articles: a, an, the \Look at the sentence below. Can you identify the eight parts of speech? are |A brown fox jumped quickly and silently over, the seven lazy dogs. \a- article ‘brown - adjective Yfox-noun | humped vrs | sietty ~ adverb land - conjunction | ‘silently - adver | lover - preposition | ithe - article seven - adjet lazy -adject dogs - noun Are you ready for a quiz? S00 40 ‘Blografi: Fora fans FondosRanking © iOSPCSSCSCSESETHCKCCKKKEKHHKEEE ‘Algunos verbos en inglés van seguidos de una determinada preposicién. A continuacion os ‘dejamos una lista con algunos de los mas usados. ngs, dtr do prepsils, sempre va: un ustantvo, ong 5: He beloves in horoscopes (re en of hordscopo) Helbeteves na cea nn He betoves nding height hing (cree en hacer ocometo) ‘Accuse sb of - acusara alguien de Sarah accused her frend of tling a Es muy importante recordar que "un pronombre o un verbo segul agree with sth - estar de acuerdo con algo (pensar que es moralmente aceptable) ‘agree with your politcal views. ‘Agree with sb about sth -eotar de acuerdo con alguien acerea de algo ‘agree with you about the exam. ‘Apologize to sb for sth - pedir dlisculpas a alguien por algo Ho apologized to me for waking me up. Apply for-soticitar My friend has applied for a scholarship. Arrive in Hegar a (una ciudad o pai IMy friend arrived in Spain yesterday. Arrive at-tegara (un lugar) My friend arrived atthe airport at 7:00 pm. Believe in-creer en Christians believe in God. ‘Belong to--pertenccer a, ser de alguion‘That book belongs to me. Borrow sth from sb - pedir prostado algo a alguien TPhorrow that hat from my fiend Complain to sb about sth -quojarse a alguien de algo ‘Fhe neighbours complained tothe police about the noise upstairs ‘concentrate on -concentrarse en Tan't concentrate on my work f'you are speaking to me Depend on -depender de ‘That decision depends on you. Divide int - divi on ‘They divided the birthday cake into 10 pieces. Dream of/about- sonar con {Cast night dreamt off about you. Explain sth to eb - Expicar algo a alguien Trneed you to explain the problem to me. Insist on -Insietiron ‘You paid last time insist on paying now. Laugh at rere da ‘They laughed at me bocause | fll down. Laugh with -reirse con ove spending time with Peter laugh a lt with him. Listen to -eseuchar Hove listening to rock music Look at" -mirar Timah. Stop looking at me. Participate in -participar en My students love to participate in class discussions, for- pagar ‘Ail don't have any money. B: Dont worry. Il pay, for your dinner. Prevent eb from sth -evitar/impedir a alguien hacer a ‘You cen warn him, but you cant prevent him from doing stupid things. Protect sb from ath -proteger a alguien de algo Take a warm jackat to protect you from cold Provide sb with sth - proveer a alguion de algo, proporcionarle algo a alguien ‘Alocal chatity provides poor people with food and housing. Rely on -conflar en, dapender de Fi tell you a secret. Can Iraly on you?PSSST HKHKEKKEEKTKEKHKEKCKEKK KET Replace sth with sth -sustitulr/reemplazar algo por algo "finally replaced my old mobile with a new iPhones Smile at- sonreir a Why are you smiling at me? Shout at-gritara Don't you ever shout at me again. ‘Speak to - hablar con, hablar a I don't ike to speak to strangers Suter from - padocer /sutrr She suffers from depression Talk to -hablar con ‘Wve got a problem. | need to tak to you. ‘Talk about - hablar do In his speech, he talked about the future of education. ‘care about-preocuparse por "recycle because I care about the environment. ‘Think of- pensar en (recordar, opinar) When Iistened to that song, thought of you. ‘Think about - pensar en (considerar, dare vuetas) ‘Were thinking about going to London next month ‘Throw sth at sb -trar/arojar algo a alguion Don't throw stones at people, ‘Throw sth to sb tra algo a alguien (en el sentido de lanzar/ pasar para que lo cojan) Thrown the ball to me! Wait for- esperar Please, walt for me.I won't be long. 41) Ala hora de hace Dreguntas con est tivo de verbos, si usamos particulasinterogatvas ‘como What o How, reposicion se coloca a final Ei: Who are you waiting for? (A quién estés esperando) What are you listening to? (Qué estée escurchando) 21 En algunos casos ot significado del verbo cambia en funcién de la preposicién que le ‘acompane: Look at mirar a ‘Look at that gir. She is wearing the same tshirt as you. Look for- busear "im fooking forthe keys but | can find them. Look ater cuidar de/eeeeeuaeesvuveseusuuerzrerr=: ‘She stayod at home because she had to look after the children. En os dos itimos casos (look fr y look after) ya estariamos hablando de phrasal verbs, La flferenciaente los verbos con preposiciones y los phrasal verbs son: = Los verbos con preposiciones son vorbos que van regidos por una determinads preposicion, Esta preposicién no cambia el significado del verbo. Por ejemplo, en listen to ‘Sinvsb (escuchar age o a alguien, el verbo listen no cambia de significado, "escuchar". Lo inisme pasa con “look at" (mira algo oa alguien). = Los phrasal verbs, sin embargo, van scompafados de una particule adverbial 0 propoticion que junto eon el verbo aetian come un todo, adoptando un significado que ote o nada tiene que ver con el significado individual del verbo. Por ejemplo, “look after" SGopta el significade de “culdar de", completamente diferente al verbo mirar> fo look. Lo ‘smo eculre con verbos. como: ask for (pedi), turn on (encender, take after (parecerse 2), un Int (wopezar con), etc Para mis informacién sobre phrasal verbs, podéis vor los posts: phrasal verbs 1, phrasal Verbs 2, phrasal verbs eon look y phrasal verbs con put. EJERCICIOS Para practicar los verbos con preposiciones, podéis visitar nuestros posts verbos con Preposiciones 4 yverbos con preposiciones 2. Verbos con preposiciones en inglés 1 \Usar bien fae preposiciones en inglés es una de las cosas mas difciles para aprender. Por flo on oftecemos una lista completa de verbos seguidos de proposiciin en nuestro post Verbos seguldos de preposicion Ejorcicio Para ver si conoces bien las preposiciones en inglés, completa las siguientes frases con ‘una preposicion y después haz clle aqul para ver las respuestas. _ your sister recently? “going on holiday next month.(2 posibiidades) planes ‘my new coat? opinion reflexionar inaignfieant things. “not remembering your name. “ihor that twas the correct answer. ‘coffee with milk 10. Itdepends..CEECCCSCSHHBKESEKETKH CHG YVYV GSD For y Since Avanzado. For since For y since son dos, preposiciones que se utilzan con ol presentepertecto y @l presente perocts cottnio. MEE! MSIE FOR significa "desde hace" y lo usamos para dopcribicla‘duraciét 86-una’ accion, una laccién que comenzé en el pasado y todavia no ha terminado. So usa por tanto con periodos {de dempo, por ejemplo: one minute, ope hous one-daystwo months, tei years. Ejemplo:, hive lida hreYor two years Vivo squt desde hee 8 aos. ‘She has boon studying English fr tree monte Lieva étuiande inglés tres meses. SINCE significa "desde" o "desde quo" yleusamos para sflar vmomoato concrete en et ‘ommpo (e: August, 10 o'clock, 200, yesterday.) 0 el momento ‘en el que se nei une sccin (véas segundo y torcer empl). empl: have lived here since 2006 Vive aqui deste 2006, ‘ve known him since ! moved to Alicante -Le conozco deede que me trasladé a Alicante. Ie been studying English since | was 10 years old - Llevo estudiando inglés desde que tenia 10 aoe. Fory since sueten responder ala pregunta How long + Present Perfect que significa “deede “cuando” o “cuanto tiempo hace que... Elemplo: How long have you had that computer? 4. have had that computer for two years. [Link] had that computer since 2007. RECUERDA For también se puede usar con el Past Simple para describ un periodo de tiempo que ha ‘acabade. Compara: 1. How long have you had that computer? -:Cudnto tiempo hace que tenes ese ordenador? (Present Perfect) ' have had that computer fortwo years -Tengo ese ordenador deede hace dos aos (Lo sigoteniendo) 2. How long aid you have that computer? -.Cudnto tiempo tuviste ese ordenador? (Past Sime) ‘had that computer fortwo years -Tuve ese ordenador (durante) dos aos. (Ya noo tengo) ‘Como vei, al usar el Pasado Simplo, Ia traduecién do jow long” y “for"cambia,