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Riesgos IBP PDF
Riesgos IBP PDF
Jaime A. Cardona-Ospina, MD,1,2 Diego Alejandro Medina-Morales, MD,1 Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, MD, MSc,2
Jorge E. Machado-Alba, MD, MSc, PhD.3
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most effective gastric secretion suppressors and are among the most
widely prescribed and widely available drugs in the United States of America. In some cases they are prescri-
bed without justification. In recent years, concerns have arisen over reports of major adverse reactions related
to the use of PPIs. However, the quality of the evidence has not been conclusive, and in some cases the
magnitude of the risk has not been clinically significant. The objective of this review is to present the available
evidence regarding the most important adverse events related to PPIs.
Keywords
Proton pump inhibitors, adverse drug side effects, adverse drug reactions, evidence-based medicine, phar-
macovigilance (Source: DeCS).
Efectos adversos a largo plazo de los inhibidores de la bomba de protones. Perspectiva desde la medicina basada en la evidencia 405
Riesgo de eventos perinatales y postnatales adversos nutricional o pacientes con diabetes mellitus y tratamiento
concomitante con metformina.
Se han realizado múltiples estudios de cohorte y metaaná-
lisis para buscar la asociación entre el uso de IBP y malfor- Riesgo de hipomagnesemia
maciones congénitas u otros eventos perinatales adversos
(21) y los resultados sugieren su seguridad, especialmente En 2006 se reportó la asociación de hipomagnesemia e IBP.
para omeprazol, incluso cuando se administra durante el Desde ese entonces se han realizado al menos 13 reportes
primer trimestre de la gestación. Sin embargo, datos recien- de alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas asociadas (hipomagnese-
tes muestran un incremento en el riesgo de asma infantil mia, hipocalcemia, hipocalemia e hipofosfatemia) (27). Las
en hijos de madres expuestas al uso de cualquier tipo de manifestaciones clínicas descritas incluyen desde síntomas
antiulceroso (OR: 1,23; IC95%: 1,01-1,51) (22). gastrointestinales (náuseas, vómito, diarrea), síntomas mus-
culo-esqueléticos (calambres y temblores), hasta arritmias,
Riesgo de lesión renal aguda convulsiones y edema pulmonar (28-30). Aparentemente el
proceso fisiopatológico por el cual se produce la hipomag-
Se han publicado estudios que asocian el uso de IBP con nesemia guarda relación con la alteración de la absorción de
lesión renal aguda y nefritis intersticial. Klepser y colabora- este ion a nivel gastrointestinal y corresponde a un efecto de
dores encontraron una asociación entre enfermedad renal y clase (30). Es probable que la duración del tratamiento sea
uso de IBP (OR: 1,72; IC95%: 1,27-2,32), la cual persistía un factor de riesgo pues la mayoría de casos reportados lle-
incluso después de hacer ajustes por variables confusoras van más de un año de uso, aunque también se ha reportado
(23). Sin embargo, dada la naturaleza de los estudios y el con tratamientos de tres meses (30). La FDA recomienda
número de eventos reportados, no pueden formularse con- vigilar el magnesio sérico antes del inicio de terapia a largo
clusiones definitivas al respecto. plazo (mayor a 1 año) o la medicación simultánea con otros
medicamentos relacionados con hipomagnesemia (diuréti-
Deficiencia de vitamina B12 cos, digoxina, entre otros) (31).
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