Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Objetivos
• Conocer y aplicar los métodos de clasificación del macizo
rocoso:
▫ Terzaghi (1946)
▫ Lauffer (1958)
▫ Pacher et al (1974)
▫ RQD (Deere et al 1967)
▫ GSI (after Brown 1997)
▫ Q (Barton, 1974)
▫ Q’ (Barton, 1974)
▫ IRMR (Bienwaski, 1973)
▫ MRMR (Laubscher 1977, 1984)
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Objetivos:
• Identificar los parámetros más importantes que
influyen en el comportamiento del macizo rocoso.
• Dividir el macizo rocoso en distintas clases de roca
según su calidad.
• Obtener datos cuantitativos para los diseños de
ingeniería.
• Proporcionar una base común para la comunicación
entre geológicos e ingenieros.
• Relacionar la experiencia y condiciones de la roca en
un sector con lo experimentado en otros.
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Q – System parameters
1. RQD: Rock Quality Designation, designación de la calidad del
macizo rocoso (0 - 100)
2. Jn: Joint Set Number, coeficiente asociado al número de set
de fallas (0.5 – 20)
3. Jr: Joint Roughness Number, coeficiente asociado a la
rugosidad de las fallas (0.5 – 5)
4. Ja: Joint Alteration Number, coeficiente asociado a la
condición o grado de alteración de las estructuras (0.75 - 20)
5. Jw: Joint Water Reduction Factor, condición de agua en las
estructuras (0.05 – 1)
6. SRF: Stress Reduction Factor, condición de esfuerzos en el
macizo rocoso (0.05 – 400)
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Q vs. Q’
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1. RQD
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3. Joint Roughness
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4. Joint Alteration
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4. Joint Alteration
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• a
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Grimstam &
Barton (1993)
• +1000 casos.
• Original solo
tenía 200
casos.
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Ejemplo
A 15 m-span crusher chamber for an underground mine is to be
excavated in a norite at a depth of 2,100 m below surface. The
rockmass contains two sets of joints controlling stability. These
joints are undulating, rough, and unweathered, with very minor
surface staining. RQD values range from 85% to 95%, and
laboratory tests on core samples of intact rock give an average
UCS of 170 MPa.
The principal stress directions are approximately vertical and
horizontal, and the magnitude of the horizontal principal stress
is approximately 1.5 times that of the vertical principal stress.
The rockmass is locally damp but there is no evidence of flowing
water.
Determine the Q value for this rockmass.
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GSI modified
by Sonmez
and Ulusay
(1999)
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3. Espaciamiento de Estructuras
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Relación RMR y Q
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Ejemplo
A tunnel is to be driven through slightly weathered granite
rockmass. The rockmass contains a dominant joint set
which has an average dip of 60º against the direction of
the drive. The joint surfaces are slightly rough and slightly
weathered and joint separation is less than 1 mm. The
average joint spacing is 300 mm. Index testing and logging
of diamond drilled cores give point load strength index of 8
and RQD = 70%. Tunneling conditions are anticipated to be
wet. Determine RMR for the rockmass.
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Comparación
parámetros
de entrada
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Ejemplo
• A mudstone rock mass at a depth of 200 m contains three
fracture sets. One set comprises bedding planes; these are
highly weathered, slightly rough surfaces, and are continuous
with an orientation of 180/10.Another set is jointing; these
joints are slightly weathered, slightly rough, and have an
orientation of 185/75. The third set is also jointing; again, the
joints are slightly weathered and slightly rough, and have an
orientation of 090/80. The strength of the intact rock has
been assessed as 55 MPa, and values for the RQD and mean
fracture spacing are reported as 60%and 0.4 m, respectively.
Use the RMR system to classify this rock mass, and assess the
stability of a 10 m wide excavation being driven from east to
west.
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