Unit 5

GROWING UP
 Vocabulary
Time expressions Ninth grade Noveno grado
For a long time Por mucho tiempo Drop a course Soltar un curso
For (ten) years Por diez años Get into university Entrar a la universidad
From (1994) to (2011) De (1994) a (2011) Major in (biology) Especialidad en (biología)
In 2009 En 2009 Take (Spanish) Tomar (español)
Three years ago Hace tres años
Until (2011) Hasta (2011) Quantity expressions
Until (I was six) Hasta (que tenía seis años) A few (students) Unos pocos (estudiantes)
A few of (the students) Algunos de (los estudiantes)
Years A few of them / us Algunos de ellos / nosotros
1906 (nineteen oh-six) 1906 (mil novecientos seis) All (children) Todos (los niños)
1988 (nineteen eighty-eight) 1988 (mil novecientos All of (the children) Todos (los niños)
ochenta y ocho) All of them / us Todos ellos / nosotros
2007 (two thousand [and] seven) 2007 (dos mil [y] Most (people) La mayoría de la (gente)
siete) Most of (the people) La mayoría (de la gente)
2015 (twenty fifteen) 2015 (dos mil quince) Most of them / us La mayoría de ellos / nosotros
No (students) No (estudiantes)
Experiences None of (the students) Ninguno de (los estudiantes)
Get into trouble Meterse en problemas None of them / us Ninguno de ellos / nosotros
Move to another city Mudarse a otra ciudad Some (students) Algunos estudiantes)
Move to another country Mudarse a otro país Some of (the students) Algunos de (los estudiantes)
Some of them / us Algunos de ellos / nosotros
School subjects / classes
Algebra Álgebra Free time
Art Arte Play checkers Jugar damas
Band Banda Play softball Jugar softball
Biology Biología
Calculus Cálculo Other words
Chemistry Química Bilingual Bilingüe
Choir Coro Childhood Infancia
Computer studies Estudios de computación Close friend Amigo cercano
Drama Drama Foreign (language) (Idioma) extranjero
Economics Ciencias económicas Required Necesario
Geography Geografía Useful Útil
Geometry Geometría Comic book Libro cómico
Gymnastics Gimnasia Motorcycle Motocicleta
History Historia Sledding Trineo
Literature Literatura Stuffed animals Peluches de animales
Mathematics Matemáticas Have memories Tener recuerdos
Orchestra Orquesta Get along with (someone) Llevarse bien con alguien)
Physical education (P.E.) Educación física Quit (school) Salir (escuela)
Physics Física Apart from Aparte de
Except for Excepto por
School and learning

Grammar
You can use the simple past of be to talk about when
Be born and where you were born.
Statements Remember, the simple past of be is subject + was /
wasn't or were / weren't . . .:
 I / He / She was (or) wasn't . . .
You / We / They were (or) weren't . . .
For statements with be born, use subject + was /
wasn't or were / weren't born:
I was born in São Paulo.
I wasn't born in Seattle.
My parents were born in Hong Kong.
They weren't born in the U.S.
Questions and answers
You can use the simple past of be to ask questions
about when and where someone was born.
To ask a Yes-No question with be born, use Was /
Were + subject + born . . . ?:
Were you born in the U.S.?
In affirmative answers, use Yes + subject + was /
were:
A Were you born in São Paulo?
B Yes, I was.
In negative answers, use No + subject + wasn't /
weren't:
A Were your parents born in Hong Kong?
B No, they weren't.
To ask an information question with be born, use
question word + was / were + subject + born. . . ?:
A Where were you born?
B I was born in São Paulo.
A Where was she born?
B She was born in São Paulo.
Simple past (review)
Statements
You can use the simple past to talk about actions and
events before now:
I lived in São Paulo.
(I lived in São Paulo in the past. I don't live
there now.)
In affirmative statements, regular verbs end in -ed:
I lived there for six years.
She moved in May.
The verb is the same for all subjects (I / you / he /
she / it / we / they).
Irregular verbs like leave, go, come, grow up, and
speak are different:
My parents left Hong Kong just before I was
born.
They went to Seattle.
We came here to San Francisco about three
years ago.
I grew up bilingual.
We always spoke Chinese at home.
The verb is the same for all subjects.
In negative statements, use didn't + verb:
I didn't live there long.
We didn't leave until 1997.
The verb is the same for all subjects.
Questions and answers
You can use the simple past to ask and answer
questions about actions and events before now.
To ask a Yes-No question in the simple past, use Did
+ subject + verb . . . ?:
In affirmative answers, use Yes + subject + did.
In negative answers, use No + subject + didn't.
A Did you live there for a long time?
B Yes, I did.
or
B No, I didn't.
To ask an information question in the simple past, use
question word + did + subject +
verb . . . ?:
A How long did you live in São Paulo?
B We lived there until I was six. We didn't
leave until 1997.
Time expressions
You can use time expressions to say when something
happened in the past.
• Use last + year, month, week, and days of the week
to mean "the one before now":
A Did she move here last year?
B Yes. She moved here last May.
• Use in with months and years:
She moved here in May / 2011.
• Use for + a period of time (for example, six years, a
long time) to say how long:
A How long did you live in São Paulo? Did
you live there for a long time?
B Yes. I lived there for six years.
In negative statements you can also say long. It means
"for a long time":
B I didn't live there long.
• Use time words + ago to say how long before now
something happened:
A When did they come here?
B They came here about three years ago.
• Use from and to to show the start and end times:
We lived in São Paulo from 1995 to 2001.
• Use until to talk about "before a point in time":
 We lived in São Paulo until I was six. (until
+ simple sentence)
We didn't leave until 1997. (until + year)
• Use when to talk about a specific time:
A When did your parents come here?
B They came when Ling was sixteen. (when
+ simple sentence)
• Use then to talk about the next event or action:
We didn't leave São Paulo until 1997. Then
we came to the US.
Determiners
Determiners say "how much" / "how many" of
something we are talking about:
all most a lot some a few no none
Determiners go before nouns.
General (students, Canadians)
To talk about people in general, use determiners
without of:
All children learn a language.
Most Canadians need French.
Some students take Spanish.
A few people are good at Latin.
Conversation strategies
Correcting things you
say
You can correct the things you say with expressions
like well, actually and no, wait:
A Do you remember much about
kindergarten?
B Not really. Well, I remember my first day
at school.
A I remember my first day of school.
Actually, I don't remember the day, but I
remember on the way home, I missed my bus
stop.
B Oh, no!
A So that was when you were five?
B Yeah, Uh . . . no, wait . . . I was only four.
I mean
You can use I mean to correct yourself when you say
the wrong word or name.:
A How did you get home?
B Well, the teacher, I mean, the bus driver,
had to call my parents . . .
No students like exams. (use no, not none)
But always use of in a lot of:
A lot of people speak English well.
Specific (the students in my class, my friends)
To talk about specific people or things, use the
determiner + of:
Most of the people in my office know
French.
A lot of the people in this city speak
English well.
Some of the students in my class take
Greek.
A few of my classmates got As.
None of my friends failed the exams. (use
none, not no)
But you can use all with or without of:
All (of) the children in my town take
English.
With pronouns
Use determiners + of + object pronoun:
All of the children in my town take English.
All of them take English.
None of my friends failed the exams.
None of us failed the exams.
This is just one use of I mean.
Writing
Linking ideas: except
(for), apart from
You can link ideas with except (for) and apart from:
We agreed on most things. We didn't agree
on the car.
We agreed on most things except (for) the
car.
We agreed on most things apart from the
car.
In these sentences, except (for) and apart from show
different opinions.
We didn't agree on much. We agreed on my
best friend.
We didn't agree on much except (for) my
best friend.
 We didn't agree on much apart from my
best friend.

In these sentences, except (for) and apart from show

shared opinions.