DELGADO CERRILLO, BARTOLOMÉ
“Fundamentos del proceso lector.
Motivar la lectura en la Educación
Secundaria”, en Revista OCNOS nº 3,
2007, p. 39-53. ISSN 1885-446X.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
Comprensión, hábito, motivación,
aprendizaje.
KEYWORDS:
Comprehension, habit, motivation,
learning.
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Fecha de recepción: 19/01/2007
Fecha de aceptación: 26/02/2007
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RESUMEN:
Ante la alarma social provocada por los bajos
resultados de los alumnos en “comprensión lectora”
(Informe Pisa, pruebas de evaluación…), así como
por el interés decreciente por la lectura en el paso
de la infancia a la adolescencia, se hace necesario
reflexionar sobre los fundamentos del proceso
lector, al objeto de diseñar unas actividades de
motivación y animación a la lectura en educación
secundaria. Nuestra propuesta se incardina en el
aula, ya que partimos de la necesidad de relacionar
los libros con la consecución real de información,
placer y entretenimiento. El estudiante debe saber
para qué, cómo, acerca de qué, cuándo, dónde…
leer de manera provechosa y grata.
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ABSTRACT:
Considering the social alarm provoked by the
students’ low results in reading comprehension
(Pisa report, assessment tests...), as well as the
decreasing interest in reading at the stage from
childhood to adolescence, it is done necessary to
reflect about the basis of reading process, in order
to design some activities of reading motivation and
liveliness in Secondary Education. Our proposal
is linked to the classroom, as we part from the
necessity of relating books to the real attainment of
information, pleasure and entertainment. Students
must know what for, how, what about, when,
where... to reed in a useful and pleasant way.
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dvzp! ßo! tfsˆ! ubncjo! dpotfdvfodjb! nº 3. 2007
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nº 3. 2007
54
2
Cf. MEC (2004). Evaluación Pisa
2003. Programa para la evaluación
internacional de los alumnos. Madrid:
Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia-
Inecse. El informe PISA del año 2003
es francamente preocupante respecto
a la lectura, donde dos de cada diez
alumnos españoles no son siquiera
capaces de comprender un texto es-
crito. El 21% de los alumnos españoles
de quince años no alcanza siquiera el
nivel básico de lectura y comprensión
de textos escritos y ha perdido posicio-
nes a nivel general respecto al año
2000, en que los resultados no fueron
satisfactorios.
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mb!qvftub!fo!qsˆdujdb!ef!dvstpt!ef!ft. nº 3. 2007
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dpmbs!ft!usbtdfoefoubm/
Motivación-animación a la lectura
en la educación secundaria
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mb! mfohvb! psbm! z! mpt! mfohvbkft! op! 3
Al pasar del instituto a la universi-
wfscbmft/ dad, los alumnos deberían, en el mejor
¦! Gbwpsfdfs!mb!bvupdpssfddj˜o/ de los casos, saber reconstruir los
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sfdvstpt!ef!mb!dsfbdj˜o!mjufsbsjb/ así como detectar los implícitos, las
ideas y las relaciones cuyas huellas se
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encuentran en el propio texto; de esta
qsfkvjdjpt!ibdjb!mbt!ÓtvcmjufsbuvsbtÔ/ manera, al hacerlo, observan, dudan,
¦! Eftbsspmmbs! iˆcjupt! ef! usbcbkp! cotejan, discrepan, asienten, resumen,
joufmfduvbm/ preguntan, consultan, hipotetizan,
imaginan, concluyen, opinan.

nº 3. 2007
58
4
Diseño Curricular Base. Esta denomi-
nación fue utilizada en 1989 para pre-
sentar a la comunidad educativa la do-
cumentación curricular de las distintas
áreas en la fase de consulta, antes de
que fuera promulgada la LOGSE. Con-
tribuyó a concretar algunas propuestas
del Libro blanco para la reforma del
sistema educativo, editado por el MEC
y representó un paso más en el debate
social acerca de la Reforma educativa
de 1990. Este documento se refería a
lo que más tarde la LOGSE denominó
currículo oficial, establecido por las
distintas administraciones competen-
tes. Hay que señalar que el DCB, como
se le conoció, no fue un documento
prescriptivo, sino de consulta. Se
trataba de un documento pedagógico
relativo a los contenidos y a los modos
de la educación, de tal manera que los
contenidos que abarcaba fueron, tras
ser debatidos, reducidos en algunos
aspectos y ampliados en otros. Las
Comunidades Autónomas también lo
completaron y desarrollaron.
5
Una experiencia sobre este tipo de
lectura puede verse en VV. AA. (1995).
“Lectura creadora”, en CLIJ, nº 54, 7-17.
En esta experiencia se ha tomado el
método de M. H. Lacau (incluido en su
obra citada en las referencias biblio-
gráficas) como punto de partida básico
para modelar los materiales de trabajo
en torno al libro de lectura.
6
Puede verse una interesante
propuesta sobre la lectura de textos
poéticos en GAHETE JURADO, M:
(2000) “La lectura de textos poéticos.
Una aproximación metodológica” en
Enseñar. Propuestas y Experiencias
de Centro y Aula. Septiembre-2000,
Córdoba: Albucasis, 11-16.
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nº 3. 2007
62
7
En las fechas en que se publica esta
información, Hipólito Escolar Sobrino
es director de la Biblioteca Nacio-
nal. Y los datos estadísticos que se
mencionan están referidos al año de
su publicación en la obra citada en las
referencias bibliográficas.
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