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UNIVERSIDAD DE SUCRE
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
MAQUINARIA AGRICOLAI
SINCELEJO-SUCRE
2012
CALCULO DE LA FUERZA DEMANDADA POR LOS IMPLEMENTOS DE
LABRANZA PRIMARIA Y SECUNDARIA
ISMAEL SANDOBAL
ING. AGRICOLA
UNIVERSIDAD DE SUCRE
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
MAQUIMARIA AGRICOLA I
SINCELEJO-SUCRE
2012
Tabla 1. Velocidades de avance del tractor
Nbdt = 52.68 Hp
Nbdt∗273.75
F=
v
52.68∗273.75
F=
v
14421.15
F=
v
LABRANZA PRIMARIA
Pt = (1/3) * (diámetro/discos)
Pt = 22 cm
F = fi * Pt * AE * ( A + Bv + Cv2)
F∗9.8
AE=
fi∗Pt∗( A+Cv 2)
F∗9.8
AE=
0.9∗22∗( 652+5.1 v 2)
0.495∗F
AE=
(652+5.1 v 2)
X = 57.4 = 57 cm
AE/disco = 57 cm
Traslapo/disco en suelos franco arcillosos es de 15 cm
At/disco = 57 – 15
At/disco = 42 cm
AE AE
−
arado disco
n−1=
At /disco
F = fi * Pt * AE * (A + Bv + Cv2)
F = 4416.90 kgf
AE = n * Sp
Sp = AE/n
Sp = 2.3/5 Sp = 46 cm
Sp = 0.46 m
v∗AE
CTT = 10 To = 1/ CTT
4.15∗2.3
CTT = 10 To = 1/0.95
Assr = K * Pt * {
( K∗Pt ) + Sp
tan ∞ } * (n-1)
( 2∗Pt )
Sp = 0.9895 * K + Δs + Δp
Como K = Cr/Pt
Supongo un Cr = 4.8
( 2∗30 )
Sp = { 0.9895 * 0.16} + 5 +8
Sp = 22.70 cm
At = Sp * Pt
At = 22.70 * 30
At = 681 cm2
Assr = K * Pt * {
( K∗Pt ) + Sp
tan ∞ } * (n-1)
Assr = 0.16 * 30 * {
( 0.16∗30 )+ 22.70
0.9895 } * (2-1)
% = (133.4/681) * 100
% = 19.6
14421.15
F= (F tractor)
v
Pt = 30 cm
A = 300 B= 0 C=2
F = fi * Pt * AE * ( A + Bv + Cv2)
F = fi * Pt * n * (Sp/100)* ( A + Bv + Cv2)
F∗9.8
n = 8.172∗(300+2 v 2)
3474.976∗9.8
n = 8.172∗(300+2(4.15)2 )
n = 12
Características de mi cincel
# brazos = 11 Pt = 30 cm Sp = 22.70
AE = n * Sp = 11 * 22.70
AE = 249.7 = 250 cm
AE = 2.5 m (implemento)
v∗AE
CTT = 10 To = 1/ CTT
4.15∗2.5
CTT = 10 To = 1/1.04
Assr = K * Pt * {
( K∗Pt ) + Sp
tan ∞ } * (n-1)
( 2∗Pt )
Sp = 0.9895 * K + Δs + Δp
Como K = Cr/Pt
Supongo un Cr = 3.4
Entonces K = 3.4 / 20
K = 0.17
( 2∗20 )
Sp = { 0.9895 * 0.17} + 5 +8
Sp = 19.87
At = Sp * Pt
At = 19.87 * 20 = 397.4
At = 397 cm2
Assr = K * Pt * {
( K∗Pt ) + Sp
tan ∞ } * (n-1)
Assr = 0.17 * 20 * {
( 0.17∗20 ) +19.87
0.9895 } * (2-1)
% = (79.96/397) * 100
% = 20.1
14421.15
F= (F tractor)
v
F = fi * Pt * AE * ( A + Bv + Cv2)
F = fi * Pt * n * (Sp/100)* ( A + Bv + Cv2)
F∗9.8
n = 3.18∗(300+2 v 2 )
1900.02∗9.8
n = 3.18∗(300+2(7.59)2)
n = 14
Características de mi cincel
# brazos = 7 Pt = 20 cm Sp = 19.87
AE = n * Sp = 7 * 19.87
AE = 139.09 = 139 cm
AE = 1.39 m (implemento)
v∗AE
CTT = 10 To = 1/ CTT
11.03∗1.39
CTT = 10 To = 1/1.5
A = 300 B = 0 C = 2
Assr = K * Pt * {
( K∗Pt ) + Sp
tan ∞ } * (n-1)
( 2∗Pt )
Sp = 0.9895 * K + Δs + Δp
Como K = Cr/Pt
Supongo un Cr = 6.6
Entonces K = 6.3 / 40
K = 0.157
( 2∗40 )
Sp = { 0.9895 * 0.157} + 5 +8
Sp = 25.7
At = Sp * Pt
At = 25.7 * 40 = 1028
At = 1028 cm2
Assr = K * Pt * {
( K∗Pt ) + Sp
tan ∞ } * (n-1)
Assr = 0.157 * 40 * {
( 0.157∗40 ) +25.7
0.9895 } * (2-1)
% = (203/1028) * 100
% = 19.7
14421.15
F= (F tractor)
v
F = fi * Pt * AE * ( A + Bv + Cv2)
F = fi * Pt * n * (Sp/100)* ( A + Bv + Cv2)
F∗9.8
n = 11.31∗(300+2 v 2 )
7174.7∗9.8
n = 11.31∗(300+2(2.01)2)
n = 20
Características de mi subsolador
# brazos = 9 Pt = 40 cm Sp = 25.7
AE = n * Sp = 9 * 25.7
AE = 231.3 = 231 cm
AE = 2.3 m (implemento)
v∗AE
CTT = 10 To = 1/ CTT
4.15∗2.3
CTT = 10 To = 1/0.95
Figura 5. Subsolador.
RASTRO ARADO
Diámetro/disco = 61 cm
At/disco = 21.5 cm
Asumimos un traslapo de 15 cm
Sep/disco = 21.5/sen 22
Sep/disco = 57.51 cm
F = 1.9 * M; M = (peso/disco) * n
14421.15
F=
v
; v= 6.76 km/hr
F = 2133.31 kg-f
Peso/disco = 50 kg
F
n=
1.9∗peso/disco
2133.31
n=
1.9∗50
n = 22
AE = n * Sp
AE = 11 * 57.51
AE = 632.6 cm
AE = 6.3 m
v∗AE
CTT = 10 To = 1/ CTT
6.76∗6.3
CTT = 10 To = 1/4.26
CTT = 4.26 ha/hr To = 0.23 hr/ha
LABRANZA SECUNDARIA
RASTRAS DE DISCO.
Diámetro/disco = 45 cm Pt = 15 cm
AE/disco = 15.9 + 13
AE/disco = 28.9 cm = 29 cm
Sep/disco = 46.5 cm
F = 1.9 * M; M = (peso/disco) * n
14421.15
F=
v
; v= 6.76 km/hr
F = 2133.31 kg-f
Peso/disco = 50 kg
F
n=
1.9∗peso/disco
2133.31
n=
1.9∗50
n = 22
AE = 428.5 cm
v∗AE
CTT = 10 To = 1/ CTT
6.76∗4.285
CTT = 10 To = 1/2.9
PULIDOR VIBRATORIO
Lb = 20 cm Pt = 12 cm Δs = 5 Δp= 4cm
∞ = 44.7 °
Asumo un Cr = 2.06 cm
K = Cr/Pt
K = 2.06/12 = 0.1716
2∗Pt
Sp =
tan ∞
* K + Δp + Δs
2∗12
Sp = (
0.9895
* 0.1716) + 5 + 4
Sp = 13.2 cm
Si area total = T * Sp
At = 12 * 13.2
At = 158.4 cm2
Assr = K * Pt * {
( K∗Pt ) + Sp
tan ∞ } * (n-1)
Assr = 0.1716* 12 * {
( 0.1716∗12 ) +13.2
tan 44.7 } * (2-1)
Asrr = 31.75 cm2
% = (31.75/158.4) * 100
% = 19.9
2.5 cv 1 kw 1.34 hp
brazo
* 0.7344 cv
* 1 kw
= 4.56 hp/brazo
52.68 hp
¿ herramientas=
4.56 hp
# Herramientas = 11.6
# Herramientas = 12
AE = n * sp ; escogemos un n de 7
AE = 7 * 13.2 = 92.4 cm
AE = 0.924 m
v∗AE
CTT = 10 To = 1/ CTT
6.76∗0.924
CTT = 10 To = 1/0.62
ARADO ROTATIVO.
At/arado = 1.55 m
18 cuchillas a la izquierda
18 cuchillas a la derecha
Son 6 cuchillas/disco
¿ cuc h illas
# discos =
¿ cuc h illas/disco
18 cuc h illas
# discos =
6 cuc hillas /disco
# discos = 3
Este número de discos equivale a lado y lado del implemento, por tanto nos queda
con 6 discos en total.
At /arado
Sep/discos =
¿ disco
1.55 m
Sep/discos =
6
Sep/discos = 0.26 m = 26 cm
Dentro del rango de velocidades con el que trabaja este implemento selecciono
3.23 km/hr
v∗AE
CTT = 10 To = 1/ CTT
3.23∗1.55
CTT = 10 To = 1/0.5
SIEMBRA
Sep/semillas = 90 cm = 0.9 m
AE = 1.8 m
# herramientas = 2
Sep/semillas = 0.9 m
AE = 1.8 m
# herramienta = 2
v∗AE
CTT = 10 To = 1/ CTT
9.68∗1.8
CTT = 10 To = 1/1.7
8 hrs 5 dia
dia
* semana
= 40 hrs/semana
2 dias
mes
* 3 meses = 66 días laborables
16 hrs
dia
* 66 días = 1056 horas laborables.