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CircuitosDigitalesProblemas PDF
CircuitosDigitalesProblemas PDF
S = c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + b ⋅c ⋅ d
S = c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + b ⋅c ⋅ d
( )
S = c ⋅ d ⋅ (a + a ) ⋅ b + b + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + b ⋅ c ⋅ d ⋅ (a + a )
S = a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + +a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d +
+ a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + +a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d
cd 00 01 11 10
ab
00 1
01 1 1
11 1 1 1
10 1 1 1
b. La función simplificada es
S = c ⋅ d + a ⋅c + b⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅d
y su circuito
a b b c c d d
1 1 1
&
c·d
&
a·c
1
c·d + a·c + b·d + a·b·d
&
b·d
&
a·b·d
F = a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅c + b ⋅c
( )
F = a ⋅ b ⋅ c + a ⋅ c b + b + b ⋅ c (a + a )
F = a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c
Como a ⋅b ⋅ c + a ⋅b ⋅c = a ⋅b ⋅c
bc 00 01 11 10
a
0 1 1
1 1 1
La función obtenida es
F =c
y el circuito
1
c F
( )
S = a ⋅ b ⋅ (c + c ) + a ⋅ c ⋅ b + b + a ⋅ b ⋅ c + a ⋅ b ⋅ (c + c )
S = a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c
S = a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b⋅c
bc 00 01 11 10
a
0 1 1 1 1
1 1
La función obtenida es
S = a + b ⋅c
S = a + b ⋅c = a + b ⋅c = a ⋅b ⋅c = a ⋅b ⋅c
y el circuito que obtenemos
&
b b
&
& a·b·c
b·c
&
c c
a b c F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
(Selectividad andaluza)
Situamos los términos que hacen verdadera la función sobre la cuadrícula de tres
variables para simplificar por el método de Karnaugh
bc 00 01 11 10
a
0 1 1
1 1 1
La función obtenida es
F = a ⋅b ⋅c + b ⋅c + a ⋅c
y su circuito
a a b b c c
1 1 1
&
a·b·c
& 1
b·c a·b·c + b·c + a·c
&
a·c
S
B
A A
A+B A + A+B+C
B
C A+B+C
C
(
S = A + A + B + C = A ⋅ A + B + C = A⋅ A + B + C = )
( )
= A⋅ A ⋅ B + C = A⋅ A ⋅ B + A⋅C = A⋅C
Un motor eléctrico puede girar en ambos sentidos por medio de dos contac-
tores: "D" para el giro a derecha y "I" para el giro a izquierda. Estos dos con-
tactores son comandados por dos pulsadores de giro "d" (derecha) e "i" (iz-
quierda) y un interruptor de selección "L" de acuerdo con las siguientes
condiciones:
• Si sólo se pulsa uno de los dos botones de giro, el motor gira en el
sentido correspondiente.
• Si se pulsan los dos botones de giro simultáneamente, el sentido de
giro depende del estado del interruptor "L" de forma que,
• Si "L" está activado, el motor gira a la derecha.
• Si "L" está en reposo, el motor gira a la izquierda.
Establecer :
a) La tabla de verdad.
b) Las funciones lógicas D e I y simplificarlas.
c) Su circuito lógico mediante puertas.
(Selectividad andaluza)
b. De las funciones deducidas de la tabla, situamos sus términos sobre las cua-
drículas correspondientes de tres variables y las simplificamos por Karnaugh
D = d ⋅i ⋅ L + d ⋅i ⋅ L + d ⋅i ⋅ L I = d ⋅i ⋅ L + d ⋅i ⋅ L + d ⋅i ⋅ L
iL 00 01 11 10 iL 00 01 11 10
d d
0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
D = d ⋅i + d ⋅ L I = d ⋅i +i⋅ L
D = d ⋅ (i + L ) (
I =i⋅ d + L )
c. El circuito será
d d i i L L
1 1 1
&
1 D
i+L
i
&
1 I
d+L
a0 b0 S0 C0
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
a0 =1
S0
b0 a0
S0
HA
b0
&
C0
S0 = a0 ⋅ b0 + a0 ⋅ b0 = a0 ⊕ b0
C0 = a0 ⋅ b0
El acarreo C0 se tendrá que sumar con el orden superior del número de dos bits,
de la forma S1 = b1 + C0 , y podría dar un acarreo C1
b1 C0 S1 C1
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
b1 =1
S1
C0 b1
S1
HA
& C0
C1
S 1 = b1 ⋅ C0 + b1 ⋅ C0 = b1 ⊕ C0
C 1 = b1 ⋅ C 0
a0 =1
S0
b0
& a0 S0
C0 =1
S1 HA C0 S1
b0
HA C1
b1 b1
&
C1
Obtenemos la tabla de verdad para las dos salidas, según las especificaciones, y
expresamos sus funciones canónicas
A B C M L
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
M = A ⋅ B ⋅C + A⋅ B ⋅C + A⋅ B ⋅C + A⋅ B ⋅C
L = A ⋅ B ⋅C + A ⋅ B ⋅C + A ⋅ B ⋅C + A⋅ B ⋅C + A⋅ B ⋅C + A⋅ B ⋅C
BC 00 01 11 10 BC 00 01 11 10
A A
0 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
M = B ⋅C + A⋅C + A⋅ B L = A ⋅C + A⋅ B + B ⋅C
Dibujamos su circuito
A A B B C C
1 1 1
&
A·B
& 1
A·C L= A·B + A·C + B·C
&
B·C
&
A·B
& 1
A·C M = A·B + A·C + B·C
&
B·C
R S
P1 P2
P1 =1
S = P1·P2 + P1·P2
P2
Electrónico
P1 P2
Eléctrico
P1·P2 P1·P2
Neumático
P2 P2
P1 P1
c. Comparamos los tres tipos de circuitos de dos formas diferentes; una basándo-
nos en su características generales y otra en función de los procesos a realizar.
S0
A
S1
B
S2
S3
A·B
S0
A
A A·B
S1
B A·B
B
S2
A·B S3
A B S0 S1 S2 S3
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 1
S0 = A⋅ B S1 = A ⋅ B S2 = A⋅ B S3 = A ⋅ B
En relación con el esquema adjunto:
a) Obtenga la función lógica F (x, y, z, v).
b) Obtenga su tabla de verdad.
c) Realícela de nuevo con el menor número de puertas lógicas.
x
y
F
z
v
v v·y
x+z
(( ) )
F = x + y + ( x + z ) ⋅ (x + z ) ⋅ (v ⋅ y )
F = ( x + z ) ⋅ (v ⋅ y )
que desarrollándola
F = x⋅ y ⋅v + y ⋅v⋅ z
b. Obtenemos su expresión canónica para poder realizar su tabla de verdad
F = x ⋅ y ⋅ v + y ⋅ v ⋅ z = x ⋅ y ⋅ v ⋅ (z + z ) + y ⋅ v ⋅ z ⋅ ( x + x ) =
La tabla será
x y v z S
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
c. Situamos los tres términos sobre la cuadrícula para simplificarlos por Karnaugh
vz 00 01 11 10
xy
00
01 1
11 1 1
10
F = x⋅ y ⋅v + y ⋅v⋅ z
El circuito resultante será
x &
x·y·v
y 1
S = x·y·v + y·z·v
z &
y·z·v
v
E S Y1 Y2
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
Y2 = E ⋅ S
E &
Y1
1
S &
Y2
Un sistema electrónico de alarma está constituido por cuatro detectores a, b,
c y d. La alarma debe dispararse cuando se activen tres o cuatro detectores.
Si se activan sólo dos detectores su disparo es indiferente. La alarma nunca
debe dispararse si se activa un solo detector o ninguno. Por último y por
razones de seguridad, se deberá activar si a = 0, b = 0, c = 0 y d = 1. Diseñe
un circuito de control para esta alarma con el menor número posible de
puertas lógicas.
(Propuesto Andalucía 96/97)
a b c d S
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 X
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 X
0 1 1 0 X
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 X
1 0 1 0 X
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 X
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
cd 00 01 11 10
ab
00 1 X
01 X 1 X
11 X 1 1 1
10 X 1 X
a &
a·b 1
S = a·b + d
b
A0
Comparador
Número A A1 S0
S1
B0
Número B B1 S2
Realizamos la tabla de verdad y expresamos las funciones canónicas para las tres
salidas y las simplificamos por Karnaugh.
S0 = A1 ⋅ A0 ' ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 +
+ A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0
S1 = A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 +
+ A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0
S 2 = A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 +
+ A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0
B1B0 00 B1B0
01 11 10 00 01 11 10
A1A 0 A1A 0
00 00 1 1 1
01 1 01 1 1
11 1 1 1 11
10 1 1 10 1
S0 = A1 ⋅ B1 + A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + S1 = A1 ⋅ B1 + A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 +
+ A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B0
B1B0
00 01 11 10
A1A 0
00 1
01 1
11 1
10 1
S 2 = A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0 + A1 ⋅ A0 ⋅ B1 ⋅ B0
Una función lógica depende de cuatro variables " a ", " b ", " c " y " d " y toma el
valor lógico " 1 " si el número de variables con el mismo valor es par. Enun-
ciar dicha función y simplificarla por procedimientos algebraicos y por el
método de Karnaugh.
(Selectividad andaluza)
a b c d S
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
( ) (
S = a ⋅b ⋅ c ⋅d + c⋅d + a ⋅b⋅ c ⋅d + c⋅d + )
+ a ⋅ b ⋅ (c ⋅ d + c ⋅ d ) + a ⋅ b ⋅ (c ⋅ d + c ⋅ d )
( )( ) ( )(
S = c ⋅ d + c ⋅ d ⋅ a ⋅b + a ⋅b + c ⋅ d + c ⋅ d ⋅ a ⋅b + a ⋅b )
( )( )
S = c ⊕ d ⋅ a ⊕ b + (c ⊕ d ) ⋅ (a ⊕ b )
S = a⊕b⊕c⊕d
⋅ bΟ⋅ cΟ
S = aΟ ⋅d
Si situamos los términos sobre la tabla, para aplicar el método de Karnaugh, ob-
servamos en la cuadrícula que no existen términos adyacentes; sin embargo la
disposición nos indica la existencia de funciones OR y NOR Exclusivas.
cd 00 01 11 10
ab
00 1 1
01 1 1
11 1 1
10 1 1
( )( )
S = c ⊕ d ⋅ a ⊕ b + (c ⊕ d ) ⋅ (a ⊕ b )
S = a⊕b⊕c⊕d
⋅ b Ο⋅ c Ο
S = aΟ ⋅d
El control de una luz de escalera se realiza mediante dos interruptores " a " y
" b ", colocados en los extremos de la misma. Se pide:
a) Establezca la tabla de verdad.
b) Obtenga la función lógica.
c) Represéntela mediante un esquema utilizando puertas lógicas.
CD 00 01 11 10
AB
00 1 1 1
01 1
11
10
c. Obtenemos la función
S = A ⋅ B ⋅ D + A ⋅C ⋅ D + A ⋅ B ⋅C
A A B B C C D D
1 1 1 1
&
A·B·C
& 1
A·B·D S = A·B·C + A·B·D + A·C·D
&
A·C·D
Un circuito digital posee dos entradas de señal I0 e I1, una entrada de selec-
ción, S, y una salida, W, siendo su funcionamiento el siguiente:
• Si S = 0, W = Io
• Si S = 1, W = I1
Obtenga un circuito lógico que realice dicha función.
(Propuesto Andalucía 98/99)
I0 I1 S W
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
La función obtenida
W = I 0 ⋅ I1 ⋅ S + I 0 ⋅ I1 ⋅ S + I 0 ⋅ I1 ⋅ S + I 0 ⋅ I1 ⋅ S
Si la simplificamos por el método de Karnaugh
I1S 00 01 11 10
I0
0 1
1 1 1 1
Resulta W = I 0 ⋅ S + I1 ⋅ S
El circuito será
I1 &
1
W = I1·S + I0·S
1
S &
I0
a 1
0
1
b
0
c 1
0
F 1
0
a b c F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
Si situamos los términos sobre la cuadrícula para simplificarla por Karnaugh
bc 00 01 11 10
a
0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
Resulta
F =a+b
El circuito será
a 1
F
b
Obtenemos la tabla de verdad de las dos salidas y sus funciones canónicas a par-
tir de las condiciones dadas
a b c d S1 S2
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 S1 = a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d +
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅d
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 1 S2 = a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d +
1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 1 + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d + a ⋅b ⋅c ⋅ d +
1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 + a ⋅b⋅c ⋅ d + a ⋅b⋅c ⋅d
1 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
Simplificamos las funciones por Karnaugh y realizamos el circuito
cd 00 01 11 10 cd 00 01 11 10
ab ab
00 00 1 1
01 01 1 1
11 1 1 1 1 11 1 1
10 1 1 10 1 1
S1 = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a(b + c ) S2 = d
a
&
b 1 S1 = a·(b + c)
a+b
c
1
d S2 = d
P1 P0 S
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
b. Los tres circuitos
R P0 P1 S
P0 &
S = P0·P1
P1
Eléctrico Electrónico
Neumático P0 ·P1
P1
P0
c. Comparamos los tres tipos de circuitos de dos formas diferentes; una basándo-
nos en su características generales y otra en función de los procesos a realizar.
L = a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c
Si la simplificamos algebraicamente, resulta
L = a ⋅ (b ⋅ c + b ⋅ c ) + a ⋅ (b ⋅ c + b ⋅ c )
L = a ⋅ (b ⊕ c ) + a ⋅ b ⊕ c ( )
L = a⊕b⊕c
Si la simplificamos por el método de Karnaugh, observamos, del mismo modo
que
bc 00 01 11 10
a
0 1 1
1 1 1
L = a ⋅ (b ⊕ c ) + a ⋅ b ⊕ c ( )
L = a⊕b⊕c
c. El circuito resultante será
a =1
=1
b L
(Selectividad Andaluza)
a a·b
b
c a
a F = a·b · a ·c · b
a ·c
b b
F = a ⋅ b ⋅ a ⋅ c ⋅ b = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c + b = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c + b = b ⋅ (a + 1) + a ⋅ c
F = b + a ⋅c
Si simplificamos por Karnaugh, obteniendo primeramente la función canónica,
resultará
F = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c + b = a ⋅ b ⋅ (c + c ) + a ⋅ c ⋅ (b + b ) + b ⋅ (a + a ) ⋅ (c + c )
Operando
F = a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c + a ⋅b ⋅c
bc 00 01 11 10
a
0 1 1 1
1 1 1
F = b + a ⋅c
1
a &
a·c 1
F = a·c + b
c
Un circuito digital consta de cuatro entradas y dos salidas. Una de las sali-
das toma el valor lógico " uno " sólo cuando existe mayoría de entradas a
"uno ". La otra salida se activa sólo si hay igual número de entradas a " uno "
que a " cero ".
a) Confeccione la tabla de verdad.
b) Simplifique la función resultante por Karnaugh.
c) Represente la función con puertas lógicas.
(Selectividad andaluza junio-00)
01 1 01 1 1
11 1 1 1 11 1
10 1 10 1 1
S1 S2
S1 = a ⋅ b ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c + b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ c ⋅ d
S2 = a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d + a ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ d
c. Las representaciones de las funciones obtenidas
&
a a·b·d
&
a·b·c
b
1 S1
&
c
b·c·d
&
d a·c·d
a a b b c c d d
1 1 1 1
&
a·b·c·d
&
a·b·c·d
&
a·b·c·d
1 S2
&
a·b·c·d
&
a·b·c·d
&
a·b·c·d
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