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velocidad de la luz es
menor en un medio
diferente al vacío
FIGURE 7.9 Photographs illustrating refraction. On the left, a spoon in an empty glass. On the right, a spo
in the same glass filled with water. Notice the “disconnect” on the right.
index also depends on temperature, which is why we specified 20°C for the values of the refracti
index of water and the sugar solution.
Refractive index also depends on wavelength, and that is why a beam of visible light traveli
through a glass prism or other dispersing element, is seen to separate into the component colo
However, this also means that when we measure refractive index, we must use a standard wav
length for the measurement. The standard wavelength commonly used is referred to as the sodiu
D line, which is 589.3 nm—a wavelength in the yellow region of the visible spectrum and the wav
length emitted by the so-called sodium lamp. More information about wavelength “lines” is giv
in Section 7.5.3 and in Chapter 9.
The instrument used to measure the refractive index is called a refractometer. You might wo
der how a refractometer functions, since the refractive index is defined as a ratio of two speeds
light. Does the instrument actually measure the speed of light? The answer is “no.” The refractom
he refractive Índice de Refracción
index is sometimes measure
tive• Propiedad física
index, symbolized by either “n” or “η”
of the speed of light in a vacuum divided
• Símbolo : n o η
• Relación entre la velocidad de la luz en el vacío
here.(c) con respecto a la velocidad de la luz en el
medio (v)
η = c/v
• n≥1, porque velocidad de la luz en el medio
siempre es menor que en el vacío
peed of light
• c=3.0x10 in the material medium. Since
8m/s
HO CH2
H3 C OH HO CH2
C CH CH2
H2 H2 C CH3
HO OH
Indice de Refracción de Mezclas
Binarias
Concentración Propanol- Concentración Propanol/ nDT
agua (%V/V) Agua Fracción Molar (X)
20-80 0.055 1.344
40-60 0.138 1.351
60-40 0.263 1.354
80-20 0.484 1.369
Muestra #4 ¿?Obtener 0.359 (¿?) Obtener 1.355
!!"#!$%#&!(!"#$%)
!!"#!$%#& = !
!!"#!$%#&(!"#$%) + !!"#!!(!"#$%)
Gráficas
Concentración'Propanol8Agua'(%V/V)'
1,375"
1,370"
Índice'de'Refracción'
y"="0,0004x"+"1,335"
1,365" R²"="0,91351"
1,360"
1,355"
1,350"
1,345"
1,340"
10" 20" 30" 40" 50" 60" 70" 80" 90"
Concentración'Propanol'(%'V/V)'
Concentración'Propanol8Agua'
Fracción'Molar'de'Propanol'(X)'
1,375"
Índice'de'Refracción'
1,370" y"="0,0557x"+"1,3414"
1,365" R²"="0,97452"
1,360"
1,355"
1,350"
1,345"
1,340"
0" 0,1" 0,2" 0,3" 0,4" 0,5" 0,6"
Fracción'Molar'(X)'de'Propanol'