Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
UNIDAD 3
CAREER PROFILES : THE LAW AND COMMUNICATION PROFESSIONAL
Durante el desarrollo de la presente unidad , continuaremos trabajando las técnicas de traducción para la frase
nominal . También , introduciremos la FRASE VERBAL, su estructura , funciones en la oracióny tiempos de uso
frecuente.
Presente Continuo
Seguramente Ud. ha visto oraciones como esta, donde las palabras terminadas en “ing” son una
parte de un tiempo verbal, son una parte de la frase verbal que forma el tiempo presente continuo.
- Tom is playing tennis
(Tom está jugando al tenis)
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Aquí “is playing” es el verbo de la oración, ambas partes arman el tiempo presente continuo.
“Playing” se traduce con la terminación “ando” / “endo”. El verbo raíz es “play”.
Otros ejemplos:
- Jack is working in Europe now.
(Jack está viajando a Europa ahora.).
- More organizations are finding that employees are lazy
(Más organizaciones están descubriendo que los empleados son vagos).
• Mayormente, para poder traducir el gerundio “working” o finding etc. como “trabajando”,
“descubriendo” etc. , estas palabras deben ser parte de la frase verbal de alguno de los tiempos continuos en inglés: TO
BE + Verbo-ING
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Actividad 1
Fragmento extraído del artículo publicado en http://www.careerprofiles.info
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PRELECTURA
- Lea el nombre del sitio Web. Lea los links. Luego lea el título y subtitulo del texto que presenta esta página. NO lea
el texto
- Infiera qué tipo de texto es y su posible contenido. Coméntelo.
Nota: En este texto se utiliza también el Futuro simple, con “will”. La palabra Will no tiene significado, solo pone en
futuro al verbo que acompaña.
LECTURA Y ANÁLISIS
- Lea el texto utilizando las estrategias de lectura comprensiva enseñadas.Puede marcar los verbos, los nexos y las
palabras transparentes con el fin de ayudarse a la comprensión del texto.
Conteste:
1. ¿A qué se dedica la Criminología?
2. Brinde la definición de Justicia Penal
3. ¿Qué informa este artículo a los interesados en estudiar alguna carrera del área de la Justicia Penal?
4. ¿Qué otra información provee esta páginas a continuación, pero que no está visible aquí?
Lea las frases extraídas del texto y traduzca, prestando especial atención a la palabra subrayada.
Encuentre en el un ejemplo de
1- Verbo en presente simple , tercera persona ( ¿Cómo lo reconoce? )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- Verbo TO BE , plural
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
PRE-LECTURA
- Lea el título y los subtítulos de este texto. NO lea el texto
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LECTURA Y ANALISIS
- Lea el texto utilizando las estrategias de lectura comprensiva enseñadas. Puede marcar los verbos, los nexos y las
palabras transparentes con el fin de ayudarse a la comprensión del texto.
Conteste:
1- ¿Qué se ofrece en este artículo? Menciónelo.
2- ¿Qué características debe tener?
3- ¿Qué empresa se encarga de ofrecerlo?
4. ¿Dónde está ubicada la firma?
5. ¿Para qué se brinda el número 3941 CA?
1- JOB OFFER
¿Cuál es el núcleo? Que tipo de pre modificador contiene?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2- REAL ESTATE ASSOCIATE ATTORNEY
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- SIGNIFICANT EXPERIENCE WITHIN MULTIPLE AREAS OF COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE LAW
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ACTIVIDAD 3
Job Description of a Communications Specialist
Learn about the education and preparation needed to become a communications specialist. Get an
overview of the requirements, such as degree programs and job duties, to find out if this(1) is the
career for you.
Communications or public relations specialists may handle public relations, information output, press
releases and media requests, social media and/or advertising for a wide variety of organizations. A
bachelor's degree in a relevant area is required to break into this growing field.
Essential Information
Communications or public relations specialists create and maintain positive relationships between their(2) clients and
the public often using media outlets. They produce press releases and manage public events. Communications
specialists typically require a bachelor's degree in public relations or another relevant field.
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Requirements
A communications specialist needs a bachelor's degree in journalism, communication or a related field. and should be
knowledgeable not only in communications, but also in areas like advertising or marketing, social media, journalism,
and writing. This job is becoming increasingly relevant with the rise of social media and online communications, but
competition is expected to be tough for entry-level positions. Jobs in this field are growing only at a average rate
compared to the market as a whole, and the median salary for a public relations specialist in 2015 was about $65,000.
Pre-Lectura
Observe título, subtítulos y gráficos.
¿ Que tipo de información va a encontrar en el artículo?
LECTURA
Lea el texto y una las ideas tópicas con el párrafo correspondiente. Una no corresponde
PÁRRAFO 1 A) Requisitos
PÁRRAFO 4 D) Introducción
Responda
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Traducir y responder
“Communications or public relations specialists create and maintain positive relationships between their clients and
the public often using media outlets”.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
¿Cuántas frases nominales detecta y que función cumplen?
Señale los verbos e indique en que tiempo están.
¿Cuál es la función del gerundio resaltado?
POS-LECTURA
Luego de haber leído el artículo, indique que tres consejos son a su criterio los principales que el aspirante a
especialista en comunicación debe tener en cuenta.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ACTIVIDAD 4
Lawyer Job Description and Career Profile
https://www.thebalancecareers.com/lawyer-career-profile-2164294
BY SALLY KANE
A lawyer, also known as an “attorney,” “counselor,” solicitor,” “barrister” or “advocate,” is an individual licensed by the
state to engage in the practice of law and advise clients on legal matters. Lawyers act as both advocates and advisors
on behalf of their(1) clients.
As advocates, they represent either the plaintiff (the party filing the lawsuit) or the defendant (the party defending the
lawsuit), advancing their client‟s case through oral argument and written documents such as motions and briefs. As
advisors, lawyers counsel clients on how the facts of their particular case apply to the law.
Education
Lawyers complete a minimum of seven years’ post-high school education in order to become qualified to
practice law. This education includes a four-year undergraduate degree and three years of law school (or four years
in a part-time law school program). Lawyers must also pass a bar examination for each state in which they wish to
practice as well as an ethics examination in most states.
Skills
While attorneys are a diverse group with different backgrounds and personalities, a number of skills are common to
most successful lawyers. A few of these skills are exceptional oral and written communication skills, strong
analytical skills, the ability to simultaneously balance multiple tasks, leadership skills, the ability to empathize with a
client‟s situation and a strong work ethic. Lawyers must also follow strict ethical guidelines and client confidentiality
rules.
Salary
Lawyer compensation varies greatly depending on a lawyer‟s practice setting, geographic location, demand for that
specialty, the state of the legal job market and practice setting. In 2017, the median annual earnings of all lawyers
were $119,250. While starting salaries for attorneys in large metropolitan law firms such as Boston and New York
range from $135,000 to $160,000, attorneys in the public sector, such as public defenders and district attorneys, earn
much less.
Job Outlook
The job market for lawyers is projected to grow due to increased demand for legal services, population growth, new
corporate compliance regulations, globalization and increased business activity. Factors that may impact the market
for attorneys include a shift toward using accounting firms, paralegals, and overseas legal vendors in an effort to
reduce legal costs as well as the expanding role of alternative dispute resolution.
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Pre-Lectura
Observe el titulo y subtítulos del artículo,¿Cuál es la temática?
¿Cuándo fue actualizado el artículo por última vez?
¿Quién lo escribe?
LECTURA
Lea el texto y una las ideas tópicas con el párrafo correspondiente. Una no corresponde
Identifique las frases nominales, indique su función en la oración, marque su nucleo . ¿Qué tipo de pre y
post modificación contienen? Identifique el verbo, ¿en qué tiempo esta? Como lo reconoce? Traduzca.
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4- A few of these skills are exceptional oral and written communication skills.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ABOGADO
PROCESALISTA
ABOGADO
CORPORATIVO
PERFIL DEL
ABOGADO
PERSPECTIVAS
LABORALES
HABILIDADES
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ACTIVIDAD 5
PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER
https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/public-relations-officer
Public relations (PR) is about managing reputation. A career in PR involves gaining understanding and support for
your clients, as well as trying to influence opinion and behaviour.
You'll use all forms of media and communication to build, maintain and manage the reputation of your clients. These
range from public bodies or services, to businesses and voluntary organisations.
You'll communicate key messages, often using third party endorsements, to defined target audiences in order to
establish and maintain goodwill and understanding between an organisation and its public.
As a PR officer, you'll monitor publicity and conduct research to find out the concerns and expectations of your client
organisation's stakeholders. You'll then report and explain the findings to its management.
You'll usually work in-house in either the private or public sectors, from the utility and media sectors to voluntary and
not-for-profit organisations. Some PR officers may be based in consultancies.
The role is very varied and tasks will depend on the organisation and sector. Responsibilities often involve:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
writing and editing in-house magazines, case studies, speeches, articles and annual reports
preparing and supervising the production of publicity brochures, handouts, direct mail leaflets, promotional
videos, photographs, films and multimedia programmes
devising and coordinating photo opportunities
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
organising events including press conferences, exhibitions, open days and press tours
maintaining and updating information on the organisation's website
managing and updating information and engaging with users on social media sites such as Twitter and
Facebook
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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The average salary range for a PR assistant is around £18,000 to £20,000. This is a typical entry-level
graduate role if you're looking to become a PR officer.
Average starting salaries for PR officers can range from £22,000 to £28,000.
With a few years' experience, salaries can increase to more than £40,000.
Senior management positions, such as PR director or head of corporate affairs, offer salaries from £40,000 to
more than £100,000.
Salaries in PR vary depending on the setting and the region. For example, pay is typically higher in the private sector.
Apart from the public sector, there are generally no set salary scales, and initial starting salaries can be modest.
Salaries are usually higher in London and the South East.
Some organisations operate bonus schemes, while others may offer other incentives such as private health insurance
or a company car. You may also be provided with a laptop and/or mobile phone. Income figures are intended as a
guide only.
Working hours are full time, generally 9am to 5.30pm, but can often increase and depending on workload with some
unsocial hours. You may have to attend events in the evening or be on call at weekends in order to deal quickly with
the PR aspect of a crisis.
Self-employment and freelance work are possible, although this is more common for experienced PR professionals.
Career breaks and part-time work are possible as well.
PR officers are generally office based but you may be required to attend networking and media events as well
as meetings with clients, suppliers and partner organisations.
At an early stage, you can expect to work closely with a variety of clients, key spokespeople and managers,
often at senior level.
The numbers of men and women working in the PR industry are roughly equal, although the number of
women occupying senior positions is still significantly lower.
The PR industry has a wide geographical spread throughout the main commercial centres in the UK, with
openings often occurring in all regions. However, there is a heavy concentration in and around London.
Dress is generally smart.
You'll be expected to network and socialise with clients, the media and colleagues to build and maintain
relationships. Social and working life may become slightly intertwined.
It's likely that you will have to travel during the working day, including occasionally staying away from home
overnight. The role may require international travel, depending on the organisation.
Pre-Lectura
Lectura
Verdadero o Falso? Justificar las opciones Falsas y subrayar en el texto la evidencia de cada respuesta.
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1- La carrera de relaciones públicas tiene que ver con el manejo de la reputación del cliente . T/F
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- El especialista en relaciones públicas trabaja solo en el ámbito privado. T/F
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- Se perciben mejores salarios en el ámbito privado. T/F
.......................................................................................................................................................................
4- Los salarios son iguales en todo Londres. T/F
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5- Los trabajos de medio tiempo son los más comunes. T/F
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6- Los viajes, inclusive al exterior, son posibles en esta carrera. T/F
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Observe los conectores señalados en el texto, traduzca y explique que tipo de conector es.
As well as:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
In order to:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Although:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
However:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
En el texto se puede obervar la presencia de los verbos modales CAN y MAY. Seleccione un ejemplo de cada
uno marcando la oración en el texto. Luego transcriba , traducza y explique la función del verbo modal.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Funcion del Gerundio: En el segundo párrafo, se listan varias de las responsabilidades que implica el trabajo
de relaciones públicas. Todas inicial con un gerundio. ¿ Que función cumple el mismo? Traducir las
oraciones resaltadas. Se provee el espacio en el texto.
En las oraciones señaladas, encontrar dos sustantivos adjetivados.
Post Lectura
¿Cuáles serían en su opinion las principales ventajas de trabajar como relaciones públicas en Londres? Mencione al
menos dos razones y justifique su respuesta.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ACTIVIDAD 6
The breadth and impact of social media can scarcely be
exaggerated. In less than a decade, it(1) has disrupted
journalism, influenced global politics, and altered commerce by
providing a platform for instantaneous global communication.
One big problem: social media does not distinguish between
fact and fiction. This has frightening implications that have
already surfaced.
What social media does not communicate is whether the image, video, or story is real or staged-- misinformation and
fact coexist. Public opinion can be easily manipulated by using misinformation to promote an agenda. Absent
filters that separate fact from fiction, social media can become the most powerful propaganda tool the world has ever
seen. This poses an existential threat to democratic societies and the rule of law.
The recent US election is illustrative. During the latter stages of the campaign, there were as many fake articles
shared on social media as stories in mainstream sites like The New York Times and Washington Post. What passes
for „news‟ is often fabricated. In a world that increasingly relies on social media as its information source—in lieu of
reputable journalism where fact checking is seminal—news and propaganda are often indistinguishable. Christian
Amanpour, a respected journalist admonished: “journalism faces an „existential crisis,‟ not just because of Trump‟s
attacks, but also because of the rise of fake news sites, and the increasing difficulty of distinguishing fact from fiction
on social media.”
Lawyers have long fought to preserve a free press and to defend its vital whistleblower role. Whatever failings and
biases traditional media has, it distinguishes fact from falsehood. With the rapid eclipse of mainstream journalism by
social media as the predominant „news‟ source, they(2) must broaden their defense of a free, vigorous, and whistle-
blowing press. This requires that they advocate for social media filtering mechanisms designed to expose
misinformation cloaked in the robe of fact. Without rules and guidelines in place, social media is a rogue platform with
nuclear capability.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/markcohen1/2016/11/27/law-in-the-age-of-social-media/#2b5aeb121db8
Pre-Lectura
Lectura
En menos de una década, el impacto de las redes sociales y la comunicación global han:
………………………………………………………el periodismo.
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Responda :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Que se necesitan, de acuerdo al último párrafo para evitar que las redes sociales actuén deshonestamente y
puedan distinguir la realidad de la ficción? ¿Quienes cumplirían ese rol?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1. It:………………………………………………………………………………………
2. They :………………………………………………………………………………..
Seleccione del texto ( subrayando) oración que contenga los siguientes ítems y traduzca.
1. Un gerundio como ADJETIVO en la frase nominal
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Un sustantivo adjetivado en la frase nominal
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Un verbo MODAL en la frase verbal
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Post -lectura
¿Qué opina usted sobre la función que el artículo atribuye a los abogados en esta nueva era digital para preservar la
veracidad de los hechos que se publican en las redes? Justifique.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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GLOSARIO UNIDAD 3
CATEGORÍA TRADUCCIÓN
PALABRA GRAMATICAL EJEMPLO
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