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2 Corte Derecho
2 Corte Derecho
- Multinacionales y transnacionales
ONU todas las compañías existentes en el mundo que operen en no menos de dos
países, ejerciendo un control efectivo sobre su asociada extranjera
Características:
Realización de una actividad económica común por empresas de dos o mas estados
Existencia de intereses públicos o privados de carácter. Internacional sobre la
actividad económica
Existencia de una dirección centralizada para la toma de decisiones
TRASNACIONALES
Cuando su participación en el capital de una empresa extranjera es igual o
superior al 10%, adquiriendo activos productivos o asumiendo el control de estas
empresas bajo un sistema de filiales ubicadas en diferentes países, esto
generalmente se realiza a través de operaciones de inversión extranjera directa
Características
Elementos
Potencial económico superior a los presupuestos básicos estatales
Corporaciones que no tiene un centro definido con un capital que no tiene una
única nacionalidad
Evolución de la empresa multinacional
Superestructura que fluctúa sobre los Estados
ET características
Autorización de licencias y transferencia de tecnología
Inversión en operaciones en el extranjero (inversión extranjera directa)
Actúan por lo general en mercados oligopolios ( el celular, la cerveza)
Actúan en mercados globales fuera del dominio del estado
JUSTIFICACION
El hombre es un ser social por naturaleza, interactuando mas alla de la frontera de
su propio país
Existen múltiple ordenamientos jurídicos privados que no siempre son aplicables a
una realidad entre ciudadanos que residen en distintos países
La coexistencia de diversas legislaciones hace necesario que se establezca cual es la
ley aplicable y bajo que jurisdicción
La diversidad social, cultural, política y económica entre países, genera conflictos
entre sus integrantes, haciendo necesario establecer reglas y principios
armonizados de índole internacional
CONTRATO INTERNACIONAL
Se entenderá que un contrato es internacional si las partes del mismo(compraador y
vendedor) tienen su residencia habitual o su establecimiento es estados partes diferentes,
o si el contrato tiene contactos objetivos con mas de un Estado parte
Hard law derecho escrito, obligatorio + soft law derecho por la costumbre, dia a dia:
instrumentos que orientan el desarrollo de la actividad mercantil internacional
Actores e instrumentos
UNIDROIT: instituto para la unificaicon del derecho privado
Objeto: estudiar los medios de armonizar y coordinar el derecho privado entre. Estados o
grupos de estados y preparar gradualmente la adopción por parte de los distintos estados
de una legislación de derecho privado uniforme
Actividades:
- Proyectos de leyes o convenciones y acuerdos internacionales
- Estudios de derecho comprado en materia de derecho privado
- Cooperación interinstitucional
- Conferencias y publicación de estudios en materia de derecho privado
Sept 5
MAIN COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS
Contratos típicos que están en código de comercio
Contratos atípicos
Los que no están regulados a lay, se pueden modificar, debe ser aceptado por las partes
The market of futures has to meet the requirements of every market, wish are:
- The underlying products are standarized
- In the market there must be a great number of sellers and buyers
- Prices must transparently
OPTIONS: is an agreement whereby one of the parties grants the other party a right
consisting in that he may choose to buyo r to sell something. This ones can apply to
purchase sales contracts and to obligation to do or not do something.
For excercising the option a preclusive term needs to be agreed. If the option is not
exercised before de expiration of the preclusive term, the option is no longer binding
- The Premium is the prices of option
- Call: is when the choice lie son the buyer
- Put: is when the choice lie son the seller
(LO VINCULANTE ES OBLIGATORIO)
SUPPLY CONTRACT
This is a contract whereby one party undertakes, for a consideration, to fulfill in favorof
another, on an independet basis, continuos or periodic furnishing of godos or services.
- The maximun term of exclusivity benefits is of 10 years.
TRANSPORTATION CONTRACT: one of the parties undertakes to, in Exchange for a fare, to
transport from one place to another, using a given means and within the term fixed,
persons. Or godos and to deliver the latter to the consignee.
- Transp of people: the passenger is obliged to pay the fare and to comply with the
regulations of the transporter as well as with safety conditions imposed by the
latter or by the authorities
- The passenger may desisit from the transport contracted at which time; he is
enttled to reimbursement of the fare, provided he gives notice of such at least 24
hours before the stated time of inititaton the rip, if the government regulations or
costums do not rule otherwise
- The transporte ris liable for all damages suffered by the passanger from the
moemnt he takes charge of the latter
PARTIES
- Transporter; the person who undertakes to carry the contracted godos
- Forwarder: the person who calls for the carriage, either on his own account or
somebody elses
- Consignee: the person to whom the godos are forwarded. The same person
Septiembre 12
INSURANCE CONTRACT
- IS A CONTRACT WHEREBY ONE PARTY, FOR A CONSIDERATION CALLED PREMIUM,
ASSUMES A RISK OF LOSS OF THE OTHER PARTY, AND DISTRIBUTES SUCK RISK OF
LOSS AMONG MANY OTHERS ACCORDING TO A PLAN
- CHARACTERISTICS
The insured must have an insurable interest in the life property insured
which may be subjected to pecuniary evaluation
There is a consideration paid by the insured to the insurer, called premium
for the insurers assumption of said risk of loss
The insured must be subject to a risk of loss and the insurer assumes such
risk of loss
Such an assumption of the risk of loss is part of a general scheme or plan to
distribute the actual loss among a larger group of persons who are subject
to similar risks of losses
- Insurer: party how undertakes the risk and must be duly authorized to carry
insurance business for the government
- Insured: person who acting on his own behalf or on that of a third party, transfer
the risk
- Beneficiary: person who is entitles to receive the compensation in case of
occurrence of the casualty which has been insured
DEPOSIT OR STORAGE
- CIVIL LAW DEPOSIT: is a bailment(comodato) of goods to be kept for the depositor
and to be returned when he requires it, without hire or reward in either side, or
one for which the depositary receives no consideration beyond the mere
possession of the good deposit
- UNDERCOMMERCIAL LAW, deposit is by nature hired or rewarded, and the
depositary is liable for ordinary negligence in the custody off the goods
PLEDGE OR PAWN
- Is a delivery to a creditor as security for some debt or commitment and such goods
are to be held until the debt is discharged
ELEMENTS
- POSSESION: the pledge property must pass from the pledgor to the pledger
- LEGAL TITLE: the legal title of the property must remain with the pledgor and the
pledger property must be subject to a lien for the payment of a debt or the
performance. Of an obligation due to the pledge by the pledgor or a third party
TIPS PLEDGE
- Mortage (hipoteca) is in the civil law the pledge applied to real property
TRUST CONTRACT
- Is a contract whereby property is transferred from a person called settler
(fideicominente) or constituent to another called the trustee (fideicomisionario) or
fiduciary, for the benefit of the settler or a third party. The person for whose
benefit the trust is established is called the beneficiary.
- REQUIRES FOR A TRUST
A. A WRITING AGREEMENT
B. THE DELIVERY OF THE GOODS
UNDER COLOMBIAN COMMERCIAL LAW ONLY CREDIT INSTITUTIONS AND TRUST
COMPANIES ESPECIALLY AUTHORIZED FOR THAT END, MAY ACT AS TRUSTEES
BROKERAGE. (ganan comisiones por juntar a dos personas con el mismo interes)
A broker o middleman is a person who brings the parties together when each desire to
enter into a commercial transaction, and his services are not rendered as those of the
agent of either party.
The broker engages in connecting two or more persons so that they enter into a
business, without being bound to the parties by relations of agency, mandate or
dependency
TERCER CORTE
INCOTERMS.