UNIVERSIDAD ANDINA DEL CUSCO

CARRERA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA CIVIL

UNIVERSIDAD
ANDINA DEL
CUSCO

“ESTUDIO HIDROLOGICO DE LA CUENCA SAPHY”

FERNANDO DANIEL RABANAL VELARDE

RICARDO LUZA SEQUEIROZ

ALEXIS DIAZ FLORES

LUIS RODRIGO BARRIENTOS CHOQUE

YAMANDU POZO SANABRIA

CUSCO, 19 de marzo de 2015

 1. MEMORIA DESCRIPTIVA
a. ANTECEDENTES
b. UBICACIÓN
Sona de Saphy

2. MEMORIA DE CALCULO
a. DELIMITACION DE CUENCA
i. PARAMETROS MORFOMETRICOS
1. AREA
Area de cuenca: 118.49km2
2. PERIMETRO
Perimetro de cuenca: 47.16 Km
3. LONGITUD DE CUENCA
Longitud de cuenca: 15.309 m
4. LONGITUD DE CAUCE
Longitud de cauce: 9755.9908 m
5. FORMA DE LA CUENCA
a. COEFICIENTE DE COMPACIDAD

k= 1.2130

ii. PARAMETROS DE RELIEVE

1. HISTOGRAMA DE FRECUENCIAS ALTIMETRICAS
Datos generales:
 Curba de Nivel Superficie
m km2
3400 3500 4.6479513
3500 3600 9.41018502
3600 3500 16.5887323
3700 3600 24.3980977
3800 3700 21.050345
3900 3800 21.9157
4000 3900 10.1430165
4100 4000 5.69522152
Area 118.49 km2
Perimetro 47.16 km2

AREAS M2 AREAS KM2 PERIMETRO PERIMETRO

1 4647951.3 4.6479513 9092.33 9.09233 3400
2 9410185.02 9.41018502 23706.741 23.706741 3500
3 16588732.3 16.5887323 46896.742 46.896742 3600
4 24398097.7 24.3980977 63115.665 63.115665 3700
5 21050345 21.050345 62825.077 62.825077 3800
6 21915700 21.9157 53846.852 53.846852 3900
7 10143016.5 10.1430165 41991.591 41.991591 4000
8 5695221.52 5.69522152 27581.346 27.581346 4100
9 3751706.83 3.75170683 16881.457 16.881457 4200

A.- CURVA HIPSOMETRICA

Area Areas que quedan Sobre Porcentaje Porcentaje Altitud por

Altitud intervalo (msnm) Altitud media del invalo Area km2
Acumulada las altitudes (km2) del Area Acumulado Media
3400 0 0 113.8492494 0.00 100.00 0
3400 3500 3500 4.6479513 4.6479513 109.2012981 4.08 95.92 16267.8296
3500 3600 3600 9.41018502 14.0581363 99.79111304 8.27 87.65 33876.6661
3600 3500 3700 16.5887323 30.6468686 83.20238078 14.57 73.08 61378.3093
3700 3600 3800 24.3980977 55.0449663 58.80428304 21.43 51.65 92712.7714
3800 3700 3900 21.050345 76.0953114 37.753938 18.49 33.16 82096.3457
3900 3800 4000 21.9157 98.0110113 15.83823803 19.25 13.91 87662.7999
4000 3900 4100 10.1430165 108.154028 5.695221524 8.91 5.00 41586.3677
4100 4000 0 5.69522152 113.849249 0 5.00 0.00 0
113.849249 100.00 415581.09
 4100

4000

3900

3800
Altura Media

3700

3600

3500

3400

3300

3200
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00
Porcentaje Acumulado

Frecuencia de Altitudes
0 5.00
4100 8.91
4000 19.25
3900 18.49
3800 21.43
3700 14.57
3600 8.27
3500 4.08
3400 0.00
B.- FRECUENCIA DE ALTITUDES

Altitud media del Area

Altitud Intervalo(msnm) Area km2
Intervalo Acumulada
a e a*e
3400 3500 4.6479513 3450 16035.432
3500 3600 9.410185023 3550 33406.1568
3600 3500 16.58873226 3550 58889.9995
3700 3600 24.39809775 3650 89053.0568
3800 3700 21.05034504 3750 78938.7939
3900 3800 21.91569997 3850 84375.4449
4000 3900 10.1430165 3950 40064.9152
4100 4000 5.695221524 4050 23065.6472
113.8492494 423829.446

Em= 3722.72499

2. ALTITUD MEDIA DE LA CUENCA

ALTITUD MEDIA
msnm
3705 1. RECTANGULO
EQUIVALENTE

C.- RECTANGULO EQUIVALENTE

Area km2 L
0 0.00
4.6479513 0.64
9.41018502 1.30
16.5887323 2.28
24.3980977 3.36
21.050345 2.90
21.9157 3.02
10.1430165 1.40
5.69522152 0.78
a.- Factor de forma

b.- Indice de Compacidad (Gravelius)

K= 1.21308429

c.- Rectangulo Equivalente

L= 16.3192494
I= 7.26075061

2. PENDIENTE DE CUENCA
a. PENDIENTE SIMPLE

PENDIENTE DE CUENCA
PROMEDIO DE COTAS
ctmax 4200 lcuenca 15119.27
lcauce
ctmin 3400 9755.9908
humedo
cotint 3800 Promedio 0.05291261

PENDIENTE DE CAUCE
PROMEDIO DE COTAS 0.04100045

distancia entre cotas

0
2923.7468
1786.2962
1163.7129
1623.1249
2259.11
ECUACION DE TAYLOR

PROGRESIVA COTA
0 3330 L H S L/RAIZ(S)
2923.7468 3400 2923.7468 70 0.024 18895.5971
4710.043 3500 1786.2962 100 0.056 7549.70899 S= 0.0472
5873.7559 3600 1163.7129 100 0.086 3969.80133
7496.8808 3700 1623.1249 100 0.062 6539.24954
9755.9908 3883 2259.11 183 0.081 7937.44122
9755.9908 44891.7981

Pendiente
4000 y = 0.0579x + 3271.8

3900

3800

3700

3600

3500

3400

3300

3200

3100

3000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

DEL GRAFICO

m 0.0579
 SALTOS Y SENTENDENCIAS
ANALISIS DE TENDENCIAS EN LA ESTACION PARURO

TENDENCIA EN LA MEDIA

AÑOS ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC TOTAL DESVEST

1965 115.09 114.71 164.79 52.28 1.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.15 30.93 160.28 682.41 63.9914302
1966 67.66 197.50 91.44 12.46 21.42 0.00 0.00 3.68 37.46 61.34 111.82 81.91 686.68 58.5096683
1967 71.17 267.80 226.24 14.57 1.97 0.00 0.00 12.01 5.38 51.14 30.53 166.10 846.91 95.2114622
1968 279.09 292.05 178.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.16 2.26 14.36 26.41 107.51 54.18 966.11 109.821773
1969 293.13 246.79 253.25 9.07 0.00 1.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.67 48.67 124.48 982.84 116.16986
1970 89.60 79.80 115.00 53.80 5.00 1.50 14.80 5.00 40.20 50.80 59.40 251.50 766.40 69.2930579
1971 132.40 156.90 77.60 47.50 0.00 2.80 0.00 0.00 8.40 48.00 48.70 141.60 663.90 59.1606154
1972 204.80 90.80 98.10 41.90 5.00 0.00 8.80 18.70 28.00 28.20 57.30 107.80 689.40 59.4645578
1973 251.40 241.80 149.70 61.00 23.60 0.00 9.00 13.30 31.10 40.50 112.20 89.70 1023.30 87.6955594
1974 177.30 205.50 254.90 62.00 0.80 10.20 0.00 36.80 8.50 49.20 97.70 83.90 986.80 86.2722997
1975 158.70 187.80 116.80 56.20 30.10 4.20 0.00 2.00 28.10 62.70 96.90 218.90 962.40 75.6944216
1976 154.60 106.30 117.60 56.60 14.30 4.20 0.00 0.80 38.00 23.20 81.60 120.70 717.90 54.5376121
1977 112.30 170.00 175.90 60.00 3.00 0.00 2.60 0.00 56.40 75.50 106.60 63.20 825.50 62.8991611
1978 229.90 87.00 223.40 45.80 11.60 4.80 0.00 0.00 48.70 16.80 129.80 114.90 912.70 83.0505592
1979 234.90 136.00 144.47 40.47 6.49 1.52 3.10 0.00 7.00 13.40 78.20 94.60 760.16 75.9056322
1980 179.70 112.40 72.80 6.60 0.00 0.00 3.10 0.00 14.40 42.40 116.20 162.80 710.40 67.577761
1981 173.20 158.80 205.50 34.50 0.00 4.00 0.00 12.00 26.40 42.40 41.00 45.40 743.20 73.239462
1982 59.80 40.40 24.40 4.00 0.00 1.52 3.10 6.40 20.01 43.18 87.90 131.76 422.48 40.8443203
1983 180.47 147.10 144.47 40.47 6.49 1.52 3.10 6.40 20.01 43.18 87.90 131.76 812.89 66.8111534
1984 180.47 147.10 144.47 40.47 6.49 1.52 3.10 6.40 20.01 43.18 87.90 131.76 812.89 66.8111534
1985 180.47 147.10 144.47 40.47 6.49 1.52 3.10 6.40 20.01 43.18 87.90 131.76 812.89 66.8111534
1986 180.47 147.10 144.47 40.47 6.49 1.52 3.10 6.40 0.00 2.00 90.00 171.60 793.63 75.0012773
1987 361.20 75.20 91.00 66.00 0.00 0.00 16.00 0.00 6.40 18.20 191.90 171.40 997.30 109.836784
1988 160.30 87.90 144.47 40.47 6.49 1.52 3.10 6.40 1.60 3.30 52.60 41.30 549.46 56.6931558
1989 216.50 122.50 203.60 11.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.40 20.01 43.18 87.90 131.76 843.16 80.6843249
1990 180.47 147.10 144.47 40.47 6.49 1.52 3.10 6.40 20.01 43.18 87.90 131.76 812.89 66.8111534
1991 180.47 147.10 144.47 40.47 6.49 1.52 3.10 6.40 20.01 43.18 87.90 131.76 812.89 66.8111534
1992 180.47 147.10 144.47 40.47 6.49 1.52 3.10 6.40 20.01 43.18 87.90 131.76 812.89 66.8111534
1993 180.47 147.10 144.47 35.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 18.00 57.00 90.50 239.00 916.95 82.6701983
1994 202.00 163.00 166.00 88.00 12.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 28.00 92.00 112.00 160.00 1025.00 75.4736057
1995 165.00 72.00 126.00 14.00 0.00 0.00 7.00 0.00 24.00 34.00 38.00 152.00 632.00 61.440782
1996 218.00 110.00 95.30 71.30 14.40 0.00 0.00 33.50 26.10 76.30 80.90 181.00 906.80 69.0218982
1997 207.00 152.50 173.50 67.00 13.00 0.00 0.00 12.50 4.00 68.50 180.00 125.50 1003.50 79.7510687
1998 177.50 149.20 66.50 40.47 4.20 3.00 0.00 1.50 0.70 110.50 94.50 102.00 750.07 63.616105
ANALISIS DE TENDENCIAS EN LA ESTACION PERAYOC
TENDENCIA EN LA MEDIA
AÑOS ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC TOTAL DESVEST
1965 106.35 154.27 147.10 81.95 11.60 0.00 4.25 5.20 43.75 37.10 60.53 185.35 837.45 65.0236771
1966 141.30 195.30 89.65 17.30 21.85 0.00 0.00 1.10 42.40 85.95 58.55 47.85 701.25 60.93693881
1967 65.75 114.40 128.40 15.65 3.30 0.40 12.90 31.50 26.40 72.60 72.55 135.00 678.85 48.95705659
1968 170.40 135.15 69.80 25.70 1.35 5.15 39.17 6.95 20.10 32.91 94.45 88.10 689.23 54.79560375
1969 199.85 116.10 107.00 18.85 0.30 3.40 10.20 0.30 16.75 27.90 73.90 86.60 661.15 62.473607
1970 150.05 97.35 94.90 95.55 5.30 6.00 6.60 2.40 43.35 37.40 34.40 213.60 786.90 66.55591122
1971 130.00 128.30 92.70 38.10 1.70 1.50 0.30 8.10 0.00 53.20 44.40 147.60 645.90 56.64757276
1972 169.95 74.70 58.40 40.70 0.80 0.00 9.29 20.50 37.35 5.50 67.60 102.95 587.74 50.31224861
1973 228.55 137.75 141.85 96.95 18.10 0.00 10.70 15.90 6.60 29.90 101.75 91.65 879.70 71.74881321
1974 130.35 228.80 130.00 61.60 15.80 14.30 3.10 37.00 21.90 45.60 42.25 121.40 852.10 67.71843724
1975 119.70 159.70 107.50 71.00 30.30 1.40 0.00 0.10 40.50 48.20 42.10 152.20 772.70 57.59954953
1976 158.10 73.70 155.70 48.20 22.90 7.10 0.90 9.00 59.00 15.50 56.20 103.00 709.30 54.94857858
1977 114.30 241.50 80.80 60.90 3.90 0.20 0.20 2.70 39.10 65.10 170.80 66.70 846.20 74.68961025
1978 249.40 63.60 83.50 37.50 6.70 0.00 1.00 0.00 12.70 9.70 161.20 124.30 749.60 79.50757921
1979 165.00 128.80 170.10 36.90 21.50 0.00 5.90 17.30 12.40 22.60 131.70 137.30 849.50 68.50984612
1980 97.90 141.70 96.90 34.10 7.40 2.10 2.40 0.40 7.70 96.20 66.60 67.50 620.90 49.04538637
1981 218.10 73.00 119.20 69.20 0.60 4.20 0.00 12.40 46.70 105.00 112.10 133.90 894.40 66.81354426
1982 205.90 118.70 159.50 67.90 0.00 1.40 3.80 9.80 58.00 68.00 171.90 150.40 1015.30 74.4082896
1983 154.30 96.40 60.80 23.80 8.60 36.05 0.70 0.00 2.30 37.50 60.35 172.40 653.20 58.74300861
1984 219.85 172.80 88.60 82.10 0.20 6.80 0.20 19.30 21.80 126.05 82.60 110.20 930.50 71.59301906
1985 121.90 143.00 123.50 64.20 19.10 17.90 3.10 6.10 39.10 70.30 128.10 146.40 882.70 56.2446516
1986 103.20 114.10 154.80 95.40 6.80 0.00 3.30 10.60 10.80 35.60 115.10 87.50 737.20 55.51604737
1987 311.60 106.00 81.20 35.10 5.90 13.60 14.20 0.00 13.00 60.50 121.20 164.90 927.20 90.77768381
1988 228.80 144.50 250.50 40.90 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.40 37.90 57.70 154.50 938.20 92.11132428
1989 213.40 147.40 198.50 54.70 4.10 14.90 0.00 6.30 15.50 92.80 72.40 72.50 892.50 75.62442036
1990 309.40 89.40 62.50 105.90 11.80 33.70 0.00 6.80 18.30 105.90 109.10 105.70 958.50 84.33039056
1991 117.10 236.40 152.00 44.80 14.10 7.90 1.00 0.00 31.60 116.60 104.80 116.20 942.50 73.87010046
1992 154.80 142.10 95.60 18.50 1.00 6.50 21.50 33.50 9.10 68.70 124.90 66.60 742.80 55.6968744
1993 251.90 123.20 93.20 34.50 3.40 0.00 1.80 22.70 6.90 97.40 100.90 220.00 955.90 85.81598133
1994 196.40 220.90 232.60 60.50 15.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.00 44.50 64.20 165.00 1020.30 91.64194281
1995 127.00 90.60 137.80 26.10 1.70 0.30 3.10 0.00 52.00 20.10 27.50 124.00 610.20 54.13080958
1996 169.00 87.40 48.60 28.90 9.70 0.00 0.00 9.80 16.00 61.20 66.00 168.00 664.60 59.81846528
1997 137.20 104.70 145.70 70.90 3.20 0.00 0.00 11.10 13.40 35.50 138.40 178.70 838.80 67.46758144
1998 155.30 163.20 54.30 34.80 3.80 3.40 0.00 6.20 2.20 84.90 70.60 69.40 648.10 57.9867298
ANALISIS DE TENDENCIAS EN LA ESTACION
PISAC
TENDENCIA EN LA MEDIA
AÑOS ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC TOTAL DESVEST
1965 54.50 38.60 63.00 51.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 34.90 16.20 17.00 73.50 351.20 26.8492537
1966 64.00 28.70 27.20 5.00 18.10 0.00 2.00 0.00 16.40 9.60 15.80 36.00 222.80 18.55274218
1967 51.00 78.90 96.00 0.00 13.00 2.30 17.10 9.90 9.40 37.80 59.20 65.20 439.80 32.69852652
1968 122.70 180.20 32.00 13.30 1.00 5.20 17.90 0.20 8.50 9.50 110.50 27.60 528.60 59.4875006
1969 138.30 65.90 137.20 75.60 0.00 16.50 13.00 4.10 19.90 26.60 60.50 103.70 661.30 50.03755786
1970 150.30 279.70 48.60 57.30 7.30 6.30 7.20 5.10 73.20 94.70 17.30 106.50 853.50 80.84831055
1971 155.30 291.20 80.70 58.30 4.10 5.90 2.10 9.10 6.20 50.30 18.60 43.60 725.40 85.24337884
1972 101.80 53.30 136.50 25.90 4.10 0.00 7.40 13.10 13.30 4.20 24.80 77.50 461.90 44.50422775
1973 267.20 205.10 141.00 60.60 9.50 9.70 12.80 13.40 7.10 32.90 57.20 152.00 968.50 88.87457412
1974 131.70 177.40 130.10 50.70 4.10 11.40 1.00 27.80 6.20 10.10 11.50 70.00 632.00 61.14076654
1975 80.60 101.30 83.80 44.10 44.60 5.10 0.50 0.00 25.60 31.60 52.85 68.60 538.65 33.99872524
1976 133.00 53.20 123.70 39.10 49.50 3.20 2.10 2.00 21.80 4.10 39.60 39.80 511.10 44.40954972
1977 86.50 112.50 69.40 34.3 0.00 0.00 4.00 4.10 12.40 19.00 129.30 14.20 485.70 46.6518464
1978 212.70 151.80 117.00 81.5 31.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.90 2.10 37.90 81.90 737.90 69.30586304
1979 210.60 163.40 179.40 59.3 7.10 8.00 6.00 2.00 19.90 18.40 39.20 73.20 786.50 75.6716046
1980 92.80 182.20 226.80 89.7 2.00 0.00 0.00 11.30 36.70 39.80 5.00 48.50 734.80 74.9173039
1981 97.90 178.30 89.70 31.4 7.30 4.2 15.50 3.00 16.40 63.60 126.90 119.90 754.10 58.87750702
1982 276.40 68.40 236.20 195.6 25.50 8.00 1.00 15.10 19.90 30.10 88.30 18.70 983.20 97.68238264
1983 5.10 31.10 100.48 29.8 0.00 2.00 11.10 6.10 13.30 18.50 30.50 34.00 281.98 27.17270351
1984 98.40 113.48 100.48 46.45 9.48 5.45 4.41 16.50 3.00 43.50 73.90 13.60 528.65 42.08567594
1985 140.60 205.50 194.50 64.30 8.30 0.00 0.00 5.10 27.90 108.10 129.20 25.00 908.50 76.90542549
1986 27.70 116.60 134.60 38.50 12.50 0.00 2.10 3.30 4.00 21.00 8.30 11.80 380.40 45.46753087
1987 333.63 55.42 29.70 16.06 0.00 17.63 10.99 8.66 18.67 9.90 65.69 41.90 608.26 91.31175712
1988 122.94 128.36 246.66 67.53 2.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.96 15.46 17.66 110.57 714.72 78.16905936
1989 126.29 102.94 120.97 28.13 7.60 0.00 3.26 9.99 7.82 22.26 22.26 29.43 480.95 47.46507776
1990 96.79 57.54 25.62 104.23 7.82 48.46 0.00 3.79 10.60 55.65 121.65 145.12 677.26 49.9690128
1991 89.33 119.35 75.62 36.81 13.48 9.38 0.00 2.34 2.34 59.44 82.89 77.02 568.01 41.59066685
1992 58.37 32.72 22.84 16.29 0.00 17.30 0.00 9.58 2.88 16.14 40.36 17.73 234.21 17.31092414
1993 231.43 98.18 16.04 49.42 10.61 5.43 10.61 18.11 3.88 23.54 112.54 142.04 721.83 71.64956616
1994 249.28 186.81 226.56 89.37 7.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.53 78.61 19.73 237.02 1113.82 102.74498
1995 91.27 73.52 73.98 6.66 3.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.28 22.38 16.83 53.27 353.08 33.88353644
1996 143.31 84.45 54.11 84.45 14.75 0.00 0.00 26.32 11.33 63.98 60.08 78.91 621.69 43.15953076
1997 105.53 127.48 124.54 4.21 3.70 0.00 0.00 27.18 23.10 17.23 138.96 124.80 696.72 59.49069703
1998 147.18 115.01 44.51 25.17 4.89 3.50 0.00 1.17 15.73 74.34 64.32 64.44 560.27 48.09788126
 BOLETIN DE LA ESTACION METEREOLOGICA DE LA U.N.S.A.A.C.

ESTACION PERAYOC/S-608/DRE-12 LATITUD 13°31' "S" DPTO CUSCO

PARAMETRO PRECIPITACION TOTAL MENSUAL (mm) LONGITUD 71°57' "W' PROV CUSCO
ALTITUD 3365 msnm DIST CUSCO

AÑO ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC TOTAL ACUMULADO
1963 237.7 161.6 129.0 40.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 63.0 42.7 77.1 154.8 913.63 913.63
1964 103.8 116.0 170.4 22.5 5.8 0.0 0.3 5.6 46.9 44.8 50.5 70.7 637.23 1550.86
1965 106.35 154.27 147.10 81.95 11.60 0.00 4.25 5.20 43.75 37.10 60.53 185.35 837.45 2388.31
1966 141.30 195.30 89.65 17.30 21.85 0.00 0.00 1.10 42.40 85.95 58.55 47.85 701.25 3089.56
1967 65.75 114.40 128.40 15.65 3.30 0.40 12.90 31.50 26.40 72.60 72.55 135.00 678.85 3768.41
1968 170.40 135.15 69.80 25.70 1.35 5.15 39.17 6.95 20.10 32.91 94.45 88.10 689.23 4457.64
1969 199.85 116.10 107.00 18.85 0.30 3.40 10.20 0.30 16.75 27.90 73.90 86.60 661.15 5118.79
1970 150.05 97.35 94.90 95.55 5.30 6.00 6.60 2.40 43.35 37.40 34.40 213.60 786.90 5905.69
1971 130.00 128.30 92.70 38.10 1.70 1.50 0.30 8.10 0.00 53.20 44.40 147.60 645.90 6551.59
1972 169.95 74.70 58.40 40.70 0.80 0.00 9.29 20.50 37.35 5.50 67.60 102.95 587.74 7139.33
1973 228.55 137.75 141.85 96.95 18.10 0.00 10.70 15.90 6.60 29.90 101.75 91.65 879.70 8019.03
1974 130.35 228.80 130.00 61.60 15.80 14.30 3.10 37.00 21.90 45.60 42.25 121.40 852.10 8871.13
1975 119.70 159.70 107.50 71.00 30.30 1.40 0.00 0.10 40.50 48.20 42.10 152.20 772.70 9643.83
1976 158.10 73.70 155.70 48.20 22.90 7.10 0.90 9.00 59.00 15.50 56.20 103.00 709.30 10353.13
1977 114.30 241.50 80.80 60.90 3.90 0.20 0.20 2.70 39.10 65.10 170.80 66.70 846.20 11199.33
1978 249.40 63.60 83.50 37.50 6.70 0.00 1.00 0.00 12.70 9.70 161.20 124.30 749.60 11948.93
1979 165.00 128.80 170.10 36.90 21.50 0.00 5.90 17.30 12.40 22.60 131.70 137.30 849.50 12798.43
1980 97.90 141.70 96.90 34.10 7.40 2.10 2.40 0.40 7.70 96.20 66.60 67.50 620.90 13419.33
1981 218.10 73.00 119.20 69.20 0.60 4.20 0.00 12.40 46.70 105.00 112.10 133.90 894.40 14313.73
1982 205.90 118.70 159.50 67.90 0.00 1.40 3.80 9.80 58.00 68.00 171.90 150.40 1015.30 15329.03
1983 154.30 96.40 60.80 23.80 8.60 36.05 0.70 0.00 2.30 37.50 60.35 172.40 653.20 15982.23
1984 219.85 172.80 88.60 82.10 0.20 6.80 0.20 19.30 21.80 126.05 82.60 110.20 930.50 16912.73
1985 121.90 143.00 123.50 64.20 19.10 17.90 3.10 6.10 39.10 70.30 128.10 146.40 882.70 17795.43
1986 103.20 114.10 154.80 95.40 6.80 0.00 3.30 10.60 10.80 35.60 115.10 87.50 737.20 18532.63
1987 311.60 106.00 81.20 35.10 5.90 13.60 14.20 0.00 13.00 60.50 121.20 164.90 927.20 19459.83
1988 228.80 144.50 250.50 40.90 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.40 37.90 57.70 154.50 938.20 20398.03
1989 213.40 147.40 198.50 54.70 4.10 14.90 0.00 6.30 15.50 92.80 72.40 72.50 892.50 21290.53
1990 309.40 89.40 62.50 105.90 11.80 33.70 0.00 6.80 18.30 105.90 109.10 105.70 958.50 22249.03
1991 117.10 236.40 152.00 44.80 14.10 7.90 1.00 0.00 31.60 116.60 104.80 116.20 942.50 23191.53
1992 154.80 142.10 95.60 18.50 1.00 6.50 21.50 33.50 9.10 68.70 124.90 66.60 742.80 23934.33
1993 251.90 123.20 93.20 34.50 3.40 0.00 1.80 22.70 6.90 97.40 100.90 220.00 955.90 24890.23
1994 196.40 220.90 232.60 60.50 15.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.00 44.50 64.20 165.00 1020.30 25910.53
1995 127.00 90.60 137.80 26.10 1.70 0.30 3.10 0.00 52.00 20.10 27.50 124.00 610.20 26520.73
1996 169.00 87.40 48.60 28.90 9.70 0.00 0.00 9.80 16.00 61.20 66.00 168.00 664.60 27185.33
1997 137.20 104.70 145.70 70.90 3.20 0.00 0.00 11.10 13.40 35.50 138.40 178.70 838.80 28024.13
1998 155.30 163.20 54.30 34.80 3.80 3.40 0.00 6.20 2.20 84.90 70.60 69.40 648.10 28672.23
MEDIA 170.38 134.51 119.79 50.05 8.13 5.23 4.44 9.03 26.03 56.70 87.07 125.08 796.45 14381.37
DESV.STD 58.9 46.3 48.1 25.4 7.9 8.8 7.8 9.9 17.9 31.3 38.4 43.8 127.8 8540.8
C.V. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.7 1.8 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.6
MIN 65.8 63.6 48.6 15.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 27.5 47.9 587.7 913.6
MAX 311.6 241.5 250.5 105.9 30.3 36.1 39.2 37.0 63.0 126.1 171.9 220.0 1020.3 28672.2
 SENAMHI

OFICINA GENERAL DE ESTADISTICA E INFORMATICA

ESTACION KAYRA/CP-607/DRE-12 LATITUD 13°34' "S" DPTO CUSCO

PARAMETRO PRECIPITACION TOTAL MENSUAL (mm) LONGITUD 71°54' "W' PROV CUSCO

TIPO DE EST: CLIMATOLOGICA PRINCIPAL ALTITUD 3219 msnm DIST SAN JERONIMO

AÑOS ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC TOTAL ACUMULADOS

1963 142.2 116.2 98.3 43.3 7.7 3.7 3.0 6.2 19.4 46.8 72.2 106.5 665.64 665.64

1964 142.2 92.5 101.6 27.0 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.5 0.0 75.6 481.94 1147.57

1965 98.00 102.00 112.40 88.00 5.80 0.00 0.40 1.00 30.60 58.30 41.00 129.70 667.20 1814.77

1966 95.00 161.10 98.30 18.30 19.80 0.00 0.00 1.70 31.90 59.70 63.70 64.50 614.00 2428.77

1967 65.70 117.90 140.90 19.00 1.80 0.60 11.00 19.00 32.10 70.50 57.20 125.60 661.30 3090.07

1968 135.40 118.30 85.00 34.60 6.30 5.30 30.90 8.60 16.30 30.10 54.70 72.90 598.40 3688.47

1969 144.40 77.80 88.30 16.80 2.90 3.30 7.20 3.90 22.80 29.80 54.70 72.90 524.80 4213.27

1970 190.60 121.50 132.50 86.40 2.30 1.00 3.70 3.40 42.10 46.10 48.20 177.40 855.20 5068.47

1971 128.90 161.60 83.60 40.00 1.50 0.10 0.00 5.70 3.50 55.70 51.00 127.50 659.10 5727.57

1972 192.10 66.80 57.20 29.70 3.40 0.00 6.50 27.30 12.20 7.90 50.20 100.20 553.50 6281.07

1973 221.20 120.50 99.60 75.20 14.00 0.00 9.10 11.80 14.50 65.10 88.80 96.50 816.30 7097.37

1974 102.50 157.70 121.50 34.50 3.60 8.20 1.00 34.60 5.90 43.30 60.90 108.00 681.70 7779.07

1975 124.70 131.00 55.30 66.80 22.50 0.70 0.30 0.60 51.10 47.50 51.00 170.10 721.60 8500.67

1976 119.60 83.10 123.10 42.90 13.00 8.70 0.70 2.50 26.80 25.30 47.80 66.80 560.30 9060.97

1977 116.70 122.80 69.30 47.60 7.90 0.00 4.40 0.00 29.90 65.00 71.50 78.00 613.10 9674.07

1978 175.40 124.70 88.50 48.70 11.40 0.00 3.40 0.00 13.70 12.30 86.70 118.00 682.80 10356.87

1979 101.10 131.60 108.80 46.80 6.20 0.00 0.90 8.10 11.50 18.40 85.60 81.80 600.80 10957.67

1980 106.20 126.40 135.00 23.20 3.70 0.00 5.30 0.60 12.60 62.90 60.20 83.10 619.20 11576.87

1981 225.40 80.80 124.40 57.20 1.80 3.90 0.00 9.80 45.90 108.90 120.80 144.30 923.20 12500.07
 1982 178.90 115.50 143.10 58.80 0.00 9.20 3.40 4.90 14.00 37.90 122.50 98.60 786.80 13286.87

1983 128.40 84.00 54.50 23.50 3.40 6.20 0.50 0.90 5.50 26.00 44.30 100.50 477.70 13764.57

1984 198.60 142.40 71.00 82.80 0.00 1.30 1.30 11.40 4.20 114.60 69.40 103.10 800.10 14564.67

1985 129.10 119.40 74.20 33.20 15.60 11.60 0.90 0.00 43.30 60.80 116.50 122.40 727.00 15291.67

1986 76.40 86.20 125.70 65.50 6.20 0.00 1.80 4.20 7.50 17.30 69.60 102.70 563.10 15854.77

1987 223.30 88.40 48.60 13.10 2.10 1.30 9.20 0.00 8.20 26.50 101.80 107.60 630.10 16484.87

1988 163.80 84.30 166.50 108.90 4.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.90 36.20 47.60 113.70 735.50 17220.37

1989 151.40 126.80 119.30 39.60 9.40 9.10 0.00 6.10 30.70 48.70 60.70 88.50 690.30 17910.67

1990 168.00 90.40 60.70 47.40 7.50 31.80 0.00 5.80 12.80 73.70 93.80 66.50 658.40 18569.07

1991 90.10 163.60 105.20 49.60 11.00 5.10 1.50 0.00 21.40 49.30 72.20 112.00 681.00 19250.07

1992 107.10 102.40 104.00 14.90 0.00 19.40 0.00 21.40 8.00 50.70 117.40 57.00 602.30 19852.37

1993 206.70 104.50 76.20 19.60 46.60 0.00 2.70 6.90 18.00 46.20 111.90 201.50 840.80 20693.17

1994 177.20 163.90 173.90 45.50 11.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.70 40.20 40.50 116.60 795.30 21488.47

1995 122.00 94.80 94.40 17.80 0.00 0.00 0.60 1.20 28.80 26.70 70.20 102.60 559.10 22047.57

1996 131.90 98.00 70.50 32.30 11.00 0.00 0.00 6.30 19.60 58.40 49.00 133.20 610.20 22657.77

1997 123.30 127.70 104.80 31.00 4.80 0.00 0.00 7.10 12.30 44.40 200.40 148.40 804.20 23461.97

1998 116.90 176.10 22.60 31.00 1.60 1.90 0.00 1.60 6.80 38.30 45.20 58.90 500.90 23962.87

MEDIA 142.24 116.19 98.30 43.35 7.71 3.68 3.05 6.18 19.43 46.83 72.20 106.48 671.04 12828.76

DESV.STD 42.5 28.3 33.5 23.4 8.7 6.5 5.6 8.0 13.0 23.0 34.9 33.5 110.1 7118.4

C.V. 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.8 1.9 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.6

MIN 65.7 66.8 22.6 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.0 57.0 477.7 665.6

MAX 225.4 176.1 173.9 108.9 46.6 31.8 30.9 34.6 51.1 114.6 200.4 201.5 923.2 23962.9
 SENAMHI
OFICINA GENERAL DE ESTADISTICA E
INFORMATICA

ESTACION PARURO/CP-683/DRE-12 LATITUD 13°46' "S" DPTO CUSCO

PARAMETRO PRECIPITACION TOTAL MENSUAL (mm) LONGITUD 71°51' "W' PROV PARURO

TIPO DE EST: CLIMATOLOGICA ORDINARIA ALTITUD 3084 msnm DIST PARURO

AÑOS ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC TOTAL ACUMULADO

1963 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 893.01 893.01

1964 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 893.01 1786.03

1965 120.20 119.80 172.10 54.60 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 24.30 32.30 167.40 712.70 2498.73

1966 71.70 209.30 96.90 13.20 22.70 0.00 0.00 3.90 39.70 65.00 118.50 86.80 727.70 3226.43

1967 108.40 407.90 344.60 22.20 3.00 0.00 0.00 18.30 8.20 77.90 46.50 253.00 1290.00 4516.43

1968 493.50 516.40 314.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.50 4.00 25.40 46.70 190.10 95.80 1708.30 6224.73

1969 527.00 443.70 455.30 16.30 0.00 3.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.20 87.50 223.80 1767.00 7991.73

1970 89.60 79.80 115.00 53.80 5.00 1.50 14.80 5.00 40.20 50.80 59.40 251.50 766.40 8758.13

1971 132.40 156.90 77.60 47.50 0.00 2.80 0.00 0.00 8.40 48.00 48.70 141.60 663.90 9422.03

1972 204.80 90.80 98.10 41.90 5.00 0.00 8.80 18.70 28.00 28.20 57.30 107.80 689.40 10111.43

1973 251.40 241.80 149.70 61.00 23.60 0.00 9.00 13.30 31.10 40.50 112.20 89.70 1023.30 11134.73

1974 177.30 205.50 254.90 62.00 0.80 10.20 0.00 36.80 8.50 49.20 97.70 83.90 986.80 12121.53

1975 158.70 187.80 116.80 56.20 30.10 4.20 0.00 2.00 28.10 62.70 96.90 218.90 962.40 13083.93

1976 154.60 106.30 117.60 56.60 14.30 4.20 0.00 0.80 38.00 23.20 81.60 120.70 717.90 13801.83

1977 112.30 170.00 175.90 60.00 3.00 0.00 2.60 0.00 56.40 75.50 106.60 63.20 825.50 14627.33

1978 229.90 87.00 223.40 45.80 11.60 4.80 0.00 0.00 48.70 16.80 129.80 114.90 912.70 15540.03

1979 234.90 136.00 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 0.00 7.00 13.40 78.20 94.60 781.05 16321.08

1980 179.70 112.40 72.80 6.60 0.00 0.00 3.51 0.00 14.40 42.40 116.20 162.80 710.81 17031.89

1981 173.20 158.80 205.50 34.50 0.00 4.00 0.00 12.00 26.40 42.40 41.00 45.40 743.20 17775.09
 1982 59.80 40.40 24.40 4.00 0.00 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 440.91 18216.00

1983 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 893.01 19109.01

1984 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 893.01 20002.03

1985 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 893.01 20895.04

1986 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 0.00 2.00 90.00 171.60 856.12 21751.16

1987 361.20 75.20 91.00 66.00 0.00 0.00 16.00 0.00 6.40 18.20 191.90 171.40 997.30 22748.46

1988 160.30 87.90 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 0.00 1.60 3.30 52.60 41.30 563.95 23312.41

1989 216.50 122.50 203.60 11.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 861.12 24173.54

1990 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 893.01 25066.55

1991 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 893.01 25959.56

1992 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 893.01 26852.58

1993 199.50 169.34 164.06 35.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 18.00 57.00 90.50 239.00 977.80 27830.37

1994 202.00 163.00 166.00 88.00 12.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 28.00 92.00 112.00 160.00 1025.00 28855.37

1995 165.00 72.00 126.00 14.00 0.00 0.00 7.00 0.00 24.00 34.00 38.00 152.00 632.00 29487.37

1996 218.00 110.00 95.30 71.30 14.40 0.00 0.00 33.50 26.10 76.30 80.90 181.00 906.80 30394.17

1997 207.00 152.50 173.50 67.00 13.00 0.00 0.00 12.50 4.00 68.50 180.00 125.50 1003.50 31397.67

1998 177.50 149.20 66.50 41.22 4.20 3.00 0.00 1.50 0.70 110.50 94.50 102.00 750.82 32148.49

MEDIA 199.50 169.34 164.06 41.22 6.59 1.58 3.51 6.73 20.67 45.35 93.50 140.98 893.01 18011.38

DESV.STD 93.9 98.7 80.7 20.1 7.3 2.1 5.0 8.6 13.4 23.7 37.2 52.0 258.7 9194.0

C.V. 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5

MIN 59.8 40.4 24.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 32.3 41.3 440.9 893.0

MAX 527.0 516.4 455.3 88.0 30.1 10.2 21.5 36.8 56.4 110.5 191.9 253.0 1767.0 32148.5
 SENAMHI
OFICINA GENERAL DE ESTADISTICA E INFORMATICA

ESTACION PISAC/PLU-6304/DRE-12 LATITUD 13°24' "S" DPTO CUSCO

PRECIPITACION TOTAL MENSUAL
PARAMETRO (mm) LONGITUD 71°46' "W' PROV CALCA
CLIMATOLOGICA
TIPO DE EST: ORDINARIA ALTITUD 2900 msnm DIST PISAC

Total
AÑOS ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC TOTAL acumulado
1963 123.29 113.48 100.48 46.45 9.48 5.45 4.41 7.17 15.46 31.60 52.85 64.75 574.88 574.88
1964 123.29 113.48 100.48 46.45 9.48 5.45 4.41 7.17 15.46 31.60 52.85 64.75 574.88 1149.76
1965 54.50 38.60 63.00 51.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 34.90 16.20 17.00 73.50 351.20 1500.96
1966 64.00 28.70 27.20 5.00 18.10 0.00 2.00 0.00 16.40 9.60 15.80 36.00 222.80 1723.76
1967 51.00 78.90 96.00 0.00 13.00 2.30 17.10 9.90 9.40 37.80 59.20 65.20 439.80 2163.56
1968 122.70 180.20 32.00 13.30 1.00 5.20 17.90 0.20 8.50 9.50 110.50 27.60 528.60 2692.16
1969 138.30 65.90 137.20 75.60 0.00 16.50 13.00 4.10 19.90 26.60 60.50 103.70 661.30 3353.46
1970 150.30 279.70 48.60 57.30 7.30 6.30 7.20 5.10 73.20 94.70 17.30 106.50 853.50 4206.96
1971 155.30 291.20 80.70 58.30 4.10 5.90 2.10 9.10 6.20 50.30 18.60 43.60 725.40 4932.36
1972 101.80 53.30 136.50 25.90 4.10 0.00 7.40 13.10 13.30 4.20 24.80 77.50 461.90 5394.26
1973 267.20 205.10 141.00 60.60 9.50 9.70 12.80 13.40 7.10 32.90 57.20 152.00 968.50 6362.76
1974 131.70 177.40 130.10 50.70 4.10 11.40 1.00 27.80 6.20 10.10 11.50 70.00 632.00 6994.76
1975 80.60 101.30 83.80 44.10 44.60 5.10 0.50 0.00 25.60 31.60 52.85 68.60 538.65 7533.41
1976 133.00 53.20 123.70 39.10 49.50 3.20 2.10 2.00 21.80 4.10 39.60 39.80 511.10 8044.51
1977 86.50 112.50 69.40 34.3 0.00 0.00 4.00 4.10 12.40 19.00 129.30 14.20 485.70 8530.21
1978 212.70 151.80 117.00 81.5 31.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.90 2.10 37.90 81.90 737.90 9268.11
1979 210.60 163.40 179.40 59.3 7.10 8.00 6.00 2.00 19.90 18.40 39.20 73.20 786.50 10054.61
1980 92.80 182.20 226.80 89.7 2.00 0.00 0.00 11.30 36.70 39.80 5.00 48.50 734.80 10789.41
1981 97.90 178.30 89.70 31.4 7.30 4.2 15.50 3.00 16.40 63.60 126.90 119.90 754.10 11543.51
1982 276.40 68.40 236.20 195.6 25.50 8.00 1.00 15.10 19.90 30.10 88.30 18.70 983.20 12526.71
1983 5.10 31.10 100.48 29.8 0.00 2.00 11.10 6.10 13.30 18.50 30.50 34.00 281.98 12808.70
1984 98.40 113.48 100.48 46.45 9.48 5.45 4.41 16.50 3.00 43.50 73.90 13.60 528.65 13337.35
1985 140.60 205.50 194.50 64.30 8.30 0.00 0.00 5.10 27.90 108.10 129.20 25.00 908.50 14245.85
1986 27.70 116.60 134.60 38.50 12.50 0.00 2.10 3.30 4.00 21.00 8.30 11.80 380.40 14626.25
1987 276.30 45.90 24.60 13.30 0.00 14.60 9.10 7.17 15.46 8.20 54.40 34.70 503.73 15129.98
1988 95.40 99.60 191.40 52.40 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 12.00 13.70 85.80 554.60 15684.58
1989 116.30 94.80 111.40 25.90 7.00 0.00 3.00 9.20 7.20 20.50 20.50 27.10 442.90 16127.48
1990 76.70 45.60 20.30 82.60 6.20 38.40 0.00 3.00 8.40 44.10 96.40 115.00 536.70 16664.18
1991 76.20 101.80 64.50 31.40 11.50 8.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 50.70 70.70 65.70 484.50 17148.68
1992 81.00 45.40 31.70 22.60 0.00 24.00 0.00 13.30 4.00 22.40 56.00 24.60 325.00 17473.68
1993 178.90 75.90 12.40 38.20 8.20 4.20 8.20 14.00 3.00 18.20 87.00 109.80 558.00 18031.68
1994 166.80 125.00 151.60 59.80 5.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.40 52.60 13.20 158.60 745.30 18776.98
1995 98.70 79.50 80.00 7.20 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.20 24.20 18.20 57.60 381.80 19158.78
1996 117.60 69.30 44.40 69.30 12.10 0.00 0.00 21.60 9.30 52.50 49.30 64.75 510.15 19668.93
1997 82.70 99.90 97.60 3.30 2.90 0.00 0.00 21.30 18.10 13.50 108.90 97.80 546.00 20214.93
1998 126.30 98.70 38.20 21.60 4.20 3.00 0.00 1.00 13.50 63.80 55.20 55.30 480.80 20695.73
Promedio 123.29 113.48 100.48 46.45 9.48 5.45 4.41 7.17 15.46 31.60 52.85 64.75 574.88
PRACTICA NUMERO OCHO

Base Mayor Base Menor

(m) (m) Altura (m) Área (m2)
A 2.65 1.75 1.20 2.64
B 2.68 1.72 1.18 2.60
Área Prom 2.62

Tiempos
N°
Medidos (seg)
1 118
2 117
3 119
4 117
Tiempos
117.75
Promedio
AB 25 m
(v) 0.21 m/seg
K (viento a
0.85
favor)
(Vm) 0.18 m/seg
Caudal (Q) 0.47 m3/seg

Examen
Base Mayor (m) Base Menor (m) Altura (m) Área (m2)
A 1.75 0.75 0.58 0.73
B 1.72 0.73 0.59 0.72
Área Prom 0.72

Tiempos
N°
Medidos (seg)
1 151
2 152
3 150
4 153
151.5
 Tiempos
Promedio
AB 60 m
(v) 0.40 m/seg
K (viento a
0.85
favor)
(Vm) 0.34 m/seg
Caudal (Q) 0.24 m3/seg

Dist.
Distancia a la
Profundidad Desde el
Vertical margen izq Medida Velocidad
Total fondo
(cm)
(cm)
1 1.1 46 1a 16 0.41
1 1.1 46 1b 34 0.5
2 2.75 70 2a 12 0.53
2 2.75 70 2b 35 0.66
2 2.75 70 2c 60 0.77
3 4.1 52 3a 10 0.36
3 4.1 52 3b 26 0.49
3 4.1 52 3c 43 0.56
4 5.5 24 4a 12 0.23
Margen
7.3 0
derecha

Dist.
Distancia a la
Profundidad Desde el Velocidad
Vertical margen izq Medida
Total fondo (m/s)
(cm)
(cm)
1 1.5 23 1a 14 0.21
2 2.8 36 2a 10 0.3
2b 26 0.36
3 4.2 54 3a 12 0.31
3b 24 0.4
3c 43 0.5
4 5.7 63 4a 10 0.42
4b 31 0.56
4c 54 0.64
5 7.1 31 5a 17 0.3
Margen
8.1 0
derecha