X CONGRESO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA ESPE 2015

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Resumen - Esta investigación trata de determinar cómo se
afectan las propiedades mecánicas y la estructura metalográfica
en una junta soldada, en dos tipos de aceros, el ASTM A36 (12
mm y 24 mm) y ASTM A588 (12 mm, 20 mm y 30 mm de
espesor). Utilizando un procedimiento de soldadura tipo
FCAW, basado en la norma AWS D1.5, el cual es uno de los más
utilizados en uniones de elementos para puentes. Se realizaron
las juntas, las cuales fueron cortadas en frío para la obtención
de probetas. Se llevó a cabo la ejecución de ensayos de
resistencia última a la tracción, doblado lateral para evaluar la
ductilidad de la soldadura, ensayo de impacto Charpy muesca
en V, para evaluar la resistencia al impacto, micro dureza y
análisis metalográfico de la junta, todos ellos basados en los
estándares de normas AWS y ASTM. Se verificó que el
procedimiento de soldadura es aplicable a los dos aceros
seleccionados. Particularmente se encontró que la ductilidad del
acero A36 es ligeramente mayor que la del A588 pese a una
misma aportación de calor. Micro-estructuralmente la dureza
presenta su punto más alto en la línea de fusión de la junta,
siendo el acero A588 el que presenta una mayor dureza en este
punto. Adicionalmente las matrices encontradas son de tipo
ferrítica – perlítica para los dos aceros, con particulares
formaciones de bainita en la parte superior del cordón y el límite
de fusión en el acero A36 de 12 mm.
Palabras clave- Análisis Metalográfico de juntas soldadas,
Variación de propiedades mecánicas, Comportamiento de acero
ASTM A36 y A588 en una junta de soldadura.
Abstract- This research is about how much the mechanical
properties and metallographic structure in welded joints are
affected. Using a FCAW process in ASTM A36 steel (12 mm and
24 mm) and ASTM A588 (12 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm thickness)
with a welding process specification based on the standard AWS
D1.5. After to weld the joints, the specimens for each test were
done by water jet cutting. The mechanical tests performed were:
tensile strength (ASTM E8), lateral bending to evaluate the
ductility of welded joints (ASTM E190) and Charpy “V" notch  'E!>/3$&H0'7$E37E$#,!
(ASTM E23) to evaluate the toughness. Additionally were done
Micro hardness and metallographic analysis through the welded
joint, to confirm the no formation of undesirable
microstructures in welding. The results obtained showed that
providing the same amount of heat, regardless of the material
and thickness, the A36 steel has a slightly higher ductility than
A588 steel. For the Impact test the A588 steel has 16.38% more
toughness than A36 steel. In the micro hardness analysis was
found that the highest value for both steels was in the fusion
limit area, the A588 steel was 20.80% harder in this area than
A36 steel. Additionally the global structure for both materials
was a ferritic – pearlitic matrix, with formations of bainita in
the A36 steel (12 mm.) And fine pearlite in A588 steel (12 and 20
mm) on the top of the welded joint because this zone is exposure
to the environment during the solidification process after the
welding. Therefore the welding process specifications were
verified according AWS D1.5 standard and is applicable to both
steels mentioned.
Keywords - Metallographic analysis, Variation of mechanical
properties, ASTM A36 and A588 steel behavior in a weld.
I. INTRODUCIÓN
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 X CONGRESO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA ESPE 2015

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 X CONGRESO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA ESPE 2015

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 X CONGRESO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA ESPE 2015

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 X CONGRESO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA ESPE 2015

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 X CONGRESO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA ESPE 2015

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IV. ANÁLISIS FINAL Y CONCLUSIONES
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 X CONGRESO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA ESPE 2015

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