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1 1

0.8 0.8

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stress
Â

stress
0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2

0 0
0 3 6 9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
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çkç
35 14 1
(a) (b) 0.9
(c)
30 12
0.8
25 10

damage parameter
0.7

Ò Ó Ô

nonlocal strain
local strain
0.6
20 8
0.5
15 6
0.4

10 4 0.3
0.2
5 2
0.1
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10

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pressure full reservoir 0


due to pressure
overflow
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