Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural

Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

Calcular por el método de superposición las reacciones y el

momento de empotramiento de la viga continua de la figura.

5t

4 t/m

A B C

3m 3m 3m 2m

4 t/m

[1]

5t
+

[2]

[3]

RA
+

[4]

RB

δ A1 + δA 2 + δ A 3 + δ A 4 = 0
δB 1 + δB 2 + δB 3 + δB 4 = 0

1
 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

3 Situación de carga [ 1 ]

4 t/m
a = 1.5 m
b = 9.5 m
c=3m
A A1 C
l = 11 m
3m 8m

R C = q ⋅ c = 4 ⋅ 3 = 12 t
MC = −q ⋅ c ⋅ b = −4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 9.5 = −114 t ⋅ m

7 Ecuación de la elástica en el tramo AA1

 c
4
 c2  
⋅  x − a +  + 4 ⋅ c ⋅ (a − x ) ⋅  3 ⋅ b +  + 8 ⋅ b3 ⋅ c 
q
y AA 1 =  2

24 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι  2  4 

 3
4
 32  
⋅  0 − 1.5 +  + 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ (1.5 − 0 ) ⋅  3 ⋅ 9.5 +  + 8 ⋅ 9.53 ⋅ 3
q
y x =0 =  2

24 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι  2  4 

4248.5
y x =0 =
E⋅Ι

7 Ecuación de la elástica en el tramo A1C

q⋅c
y A 1C = ⋅ (l − x ) ⋅ (2 ⋅ b − a + x )
2

6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

4⋅3
⋅ (11 − 6 ) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 9.5 − 1.5 + 6) =
1175
y x=6 =
2

6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι E⋅Ι

2
 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

3 Situación de carga [ 2 ]

5t
a=9m
b=2m
l = 11 m

A B1 C

9m 2m

RC = P = 5 t
MC = −P ⋅ b = −5 ⋅ 2 = −10 t ⋅ m

7 Ecuación de la elástica en el tramo AB1

P ⋅ b2
y AB1 = ⋅ [3 ⋅ (l − x ) − b]
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

5 ⋅ 22
⋅ [3 ⋅ (11 − 0 ) − 2] =
620
y x=0 =
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E⋅ Ι

5 ⋅ 22
⋅ [3 ⋅ (11 − 6) − 2] =
260
y x =6 =
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

3 Situación de carga [ 3 ]

A
C
RA

11 m

R C = −R A
MC = −R A ⋅ l = −11⋅ R A

3
 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

7 Ecuación de la elástica en el tramo AC

⋅ (l − x ) ⋅ (2 ⋅ l + x )
P
y AC =
2

6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

− RA − 2662
y x=0 = ⋅ (11 − 0 ) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 11 + 0 ) = ⋅ RA
2

6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

− RA − 700
y x=6 = ⋅ (11 − 6 ) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 11 + 6 ) = ⋅ RA
2

6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

3 Situación de carga [ 4 ]

a=6m
A B b=5m
C
l = 11 m
RB

6m 5m

R C = −RB
MC = −RB ⋅ l = −5 ⋅ RB

7 Ecuación de la elástica en el tramo AB

P ⋅ b2
y AB = ⋅ [3 ⋅ (l − x ) − b]
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

− RB ⋅ 52 − 700
y x =0 = ⋅ [3 ⋅ (11 − 0 ) − 5] = ⋅ RB
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

4
 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

7 Ecuación de la elástica en el tramo BC

⋅ (l − x ) ⋅ (2 ⋅ b − a + x )
P
y BC =
2

6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

− RB − 250
y x =6 = ⋅ (11 − 6) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 5 − 6 + 6 ) = ⋅ RB
2

6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

3 Obtención de la reacciones

Para ello, tenemos en cuenta que la deformación resultante de las 4

situaciones de carga en los apoyos debe ser nula.

Por tanto:

25491 620 2662 700

+ − ⋅RA − ⋅ RB = 0
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι
7050 260 700 250
+ − ⋅RA − ⋅ RB = 0
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι 6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι

25491 + 620 = 26111 = 2662 ⋅ R A + 700 ⋅ R B

7050 + 260 = 7310 = 700 ⋅ R A + 250 ⋅ R B

RA = 8.038 t
RB = 6.732 t

R C = 12 + 5 − R A − R B = 2.230 t

El momento en el empotramiento será el momento resultante de las

situaciones de carga:

MC = −114 t ⋅ m - 10 t ⋅ m + 11⋅ R A + 5 ⋅ RB

MC = −114 − 10 + 88.42 + 33.66 = −1.92 t ⋅ m