Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP10: Matrices

a) b) c)
0 0 1 0 0 𝑎1,1 𝑎2,1 𝑎3,1
0 0 0 0 1 0 (𝑎 𝑎2,2 𝑎3,2 )
(0 0) ( ) ( ) (0 1 0) 1,2
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1

d) e) f)
−2 2 3 0 0 0 1 1
(−4 −4 6) (0 0 1 1) (1/2)
−4 −4 −6 0 1 1 1 1/9

4 1 3 2 −4 6 0
2 −3 1 −1
𝐴=( 5 1 −2) 𝐵 = (0 −2 −2) 𝐶=( ) 𝐷=( 2 )
−2 2 3
−2 −1 1 4 2 0 −1
−1 2
1 −1 −1 0
𝐸 = ( 3 −3) 𝐹 = (−2 −3 1) 𝐺=( ) 𝐻=( )
3 −2 −2 3
2 0
a) -3A+(1/2)B b) 2E-CT c) (2D-5F)T
4 1 3 2 −4 6 −1 2 0 𝑇
-3 ( 5
1
1 −2) + 2 (0 −2 −2) −3 1 −1 𝑇
2 ( 3 −3) − ( ) [2 ( 2 ) − 5(−2 −3 1)]
−2 −1 1 4 2 0 −2 2 3
−12 −3 −9 1 −2 3
2 0 −1
−2 4 −3 −2
(−15 −3 6 ) + (0 −1 −1) ( 6 −6) − ( 1 2) NO es posible realizar la operación
6 3 −3 2 1 0
−11 −5 −6 4 0 −1 3
(−15 −4 5 ) 1 6
8 4 −3 (5 −8)
5 −3

d) (1/2)(3FT-D) e) 3G-2HT+2I f) 4A+B-(1/2)I

0 1 −1 −1 0 𝑇 1 0 4 1 3 2 −4 6 1 1 0 0
1 3( ) −2( ) +2( ) 4( 5 1 −2) + (0 −2−2) − (0 1 0)
[3(−2 −3 1)𝑇 − ( 2 )] 3 −2 −2 3 0 1 −2 −1 1 4 2 0
2
0 0 1
2 3 −3 −1 −2 2 0 1
−1 ( )− 2( )+( ) 2
0 0
−2 0 9 −6 0 3 0 2 16 4 12 2 −4 6
1 3 −3 −2 −4 2 0 ( 20 4 −8) + (0 −2 −2) − 0
1
0
[3 (−3) − ( 2 )] ( )−( )+( ) −8 −4 4 4 2 0 2
2 9 −6 0 6 0 2 1
1 −1 7 1 (0 0 2)
1 −6 0 ( ) 37
9 −10 0 18
[(−9) − ( 2 )]
2 2
3 −1 5
1 −6 −3 20 −10
[−11] = (−11⁄2) 2
2 9
4 2
(−4 −2
2 )

𝑥 1 2𝑦 − 1 4 5 5
3 a) ( )+( )=( ) , se arma el siguiente sistema de ecuaciones:
−𝑥 −3 3𝑦 −4 −1 −7
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1 = 5
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1 = 5 𝑥=4
{ 1+4= 5 → { → Se lo resuelve al sistema → {
−𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −1 −𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −1 𝑦=1
−3 − 4 = −7
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP10: Matrices

3𝑤 4 6 𝑧+𝑤 𝑤 −𝑧
b) 2 ( )+( ) = 4 (𝑥 𝑦)
−2 4𝑥 𝑥−𝑦 4
6𝑤 + 6 = 4𝑤
8 + 𝑧 + 𝑤 = −4𝑧
{−4 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4𝑥 → De la primer ecuación se obtiene w=-3, se reemplaza en la segunda ecuación: z=-1
8𝑥 + 4 = 4𝑦
−4 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4𝑥 𝑥 = −1
Queda el sistema: { , que resolviéndolo se obtiene: {
8𝑥 + 4 = 4𝑦 𝑦 = −1

1 3 4 3 −1 2
4
𝐴 = ( 2 −1 0) ; 𝐵 = (1 0 6)
−1 0 1 0 −1 1
a) 2X-3A=B-2I+X b) (2A-B)T=4X
X=B-2I+3A X=(1/4).(2A-B)T
3 −1 2 1 0 0 1 3 4 1 3 4 3 −1 2 𝑇
1
𝑋 = (1 0 6) − 2 (0 1 0) + 3 ( 2 −1 0) 𝑋 = [2 ( 2 −1 0) − (1 0 6)]
0 −1 1 0 0 1 −1 0 1 4
−1 0 1 0 −1 1
3 −1 2 2 0 0 3 9 12 2 6 8 3 −1 2 𝑇
𝑋 = (1 0 6) − (0 2 0) + ( 6 −2 0 ) 1
𝑋 = [( 4 −2 0) − (1 0 6)]
0 −1 1 0 0 2 −3 0 3 4
4 8 14 −2 0 2 0 −1 1
𝑋=( 7 −4 6 ) 1 −1 7 6 𝑇
𝑋 = [( 3 −2 −6)]
−3 −1 2 4
−2 1 1
1 −1 3 −2 −1⁄4 3⁄4 −1⁄2
𝑋 = ( 7 −2 1 ) = ( 7⁄4 −1⁄2 1⁄4 )
4
6 −6 1 3⁄2 −3⁄2 1⁄4

2 −2
5 3𝑋 − 5𝑌 = ( )
{ 0 3 , nombrando 𝐴 = (2 −2
) 𝑦𝐵=(
−1 3
) , 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎: {
3𝑋 − 5𝑌 = 𝐴
−1 3 0 3 4 0 −𝑋 + 2𝑌 = 𝐵
−𝑋 + 2𝑌 = ( )
4 0
Se resuelve como a un sistema de ecuaciones, despejamos “X” en cada ecuación e igualamos:
𝐴+5𝑌 −1 7
= 2𝑌 − 𝐵, despejando “Y” se obtiene: 𝑌 = 𝐴 + 3𝐵 = ( )
3 12 3
𝐴+5𝑌 −1 11
, obtener la “X”: 𝑋 = = 2𝑌 − 𝐵 = ( )
3 20 6

4 1 3 2 −4 6 0
6 −3 1 −1
𝐴=( 5 1 −2) 𝐵 = (0 −2 −2) 𝐶=( ) 𝐷=( 2 )
−2 2 3
−2 −1 1 4 2 0 −1
−1 2
1 −1 −1 0
𝐸 = ( 3 −3) 𝐹 = (−2 −3 1) 𝐺=( ) 𝐻=( )
3 −2 −2 3
2 0
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP10: Matrices

a) D.E: NO ES POSIBLE
0
b) F.D = (−2 −3 1). ( 2 ) = ((−2). 0 + (−3). 2 + 1. (−1)) = (−7)
−1

0 0. (−2) 0. (−3) 0.1 0 0 0

c) D.F = ( 2 ) . (−2 −3 1) = ( 2. (−2) 2. (−3) 2.1 ) = (−4 −6 2 )
−1 (−1). (−2) (−1). (−3) (−1). 1 2 3 −1

4 1 3 0 4.0 + 1.2 + 3. (−1) −1

d) A.D = ( 5 1 −2) . ( 2 ) = ( 5.0 + 1.2 + (−2). (−1) ) = ( 4 )
−2 −1 1 −1 (−2).0 + (−1). 2 + 1. (−1) −3

4 1 3 −1 2 4. (−1) + 1.3 + 3.2 4.2 + 1. (−3) + 3.0 5 5

e) A.E = ( 5 1 −2) . ( 3 −3) = ( 5. (−1) + 1.3 + (−2). 2 5.2 + 1. (−3) + (−2). 0 ) = (−6 7)
−2 −1 1 2 0 (−2). (−1) + (−1). 3 + 1.2 (−2). 2 + (−1). (−3) + 1.0 1 −1

2 −4 6 2 −4 6
−3 1 −1 −6 2 −2
f) 2C.B = 𝟐. ( ) . (0 −2 −2) = ( ) . (0 −2 −2) =
−2 2 3 −4 4 6
4 2 0 4 2 0
(−6). 2 + 2.0 + (−2). 4 (−6). (−4) + 2. (−2) + (−2). 2 (−6). 6 + 2. (−2) + (−2). 0 −20 16 −40
=( )=( )
(−4). 2 + 4.0 + 6.4 (−4). (−4) + 4. (−2) + 6.2 (−4). 6 + 4. (−2) + 6.0 16 20 −32

−1 2 −1 2
−3 1 −1 −9 3 −3
g) 3E.C = 3. ( ) ( 3 −3) = ( ) ( 3 −3) =
−2 2 3 −6 6 9
2 0 2 0
(−9). (−1) + 3.3 + (−3). 2 (−9). 2 + 3. (−3) + (−3). 0 12 −27
=( )=( )
(−6). (−1) + 6.3 + 9.2 (−6). 2 + 6. (−3) + 9.0 42 −30

h) 4A.C: NO ES POSIBLE

−1 0 𝑇 1 −1 𝑇 −1 −2 1 3 −2 −4 1 3
i) -2HT.GT = −2. ( ) .( ) = −2. ( ).( )=( ).( )=
−2 3 3 −2 0 3 −1 −2 0 6 −1 −2
(−2). 1 + (−4). (−1) (−2). 3 + (−4). (−2) 2 2
=( )=( )
0.1 + 6. (−1) 0.3 + 6. (−2) −6 −12

1 −1 −1 0 2 2 −1 2 2 −1 2 −1
j) (G-H)2 = [( )−( )] = ( ) =( ).( )=
3 −2 −2 3 5 −5 5 −5 5 −5
2.2 + (−1).5 2. (−1) + (−1). (−5) −1 3
=( )=( )
5.2 + (−5). 5 5. (−1) + (−5). (−5) −15 20

4 1 3 2 2 −4 6 2 4 1 3 4 1 3 2 −4 6 2 −4 6
2
k) A +B 2
=(5 1 −2) + (0 −2 −2) = ( 5 1 −2) . ( 5 1 −2) + (0 −2 −2) . (0 −2 −2) =
−2 −1 1 4 2 0 −2 −1 1 −2 −1 1 4 2 0 4 2 0
4.4 + 1.5 + 3. (−2) 4.1 + 1.1 + 3. (−1) 4.3 + 1. (−2) + 3.1
= ( 5.4 + 1.5 + (−2). (−2) 5.1 + 1.1 + (−2). (−1) 5.3 + 1. (−2) + (−2). 1 )
(−2). 4 + (−1). 5 + 1. (−2) (−2). 1 + (−1). 1 + 1. (−1) (−2). 3 + (−1). (−2) + 1.1
2.2 + (−4). 0 + 6.4 2. (−4) + (−4). (−2) + 6.2 2.6 + (−4). (−2) + 6.0
+ (0.2 + (−2). 0 + (−2). 4 0. (−4) + (−2). (−2) + (−2). 2 0.6 + (−2). (−2) + (−2). 0) =
4.2 + 2.0 + 0.4 4. (−4) + 2. (−2) + 0.2 4.6 + 2. (−2) + 0.0
15 2 13 28 12 20 43 14 33
= ( 29 8 11 ) + (−8 0 4 ) = ( 21 8 15)
−15 −4 −3 8 −20 20 −7 −24 17
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP10: Matrices

3 1 3 −2 3 1 −1 2
7 𝐴=( ) ;𝐵 = ( ) ;𝐶 = ( ) ;𝐷 = ( )
5 2 −1 2 −1 0 −4 8
3 1 𝑤 𝑥 1 0 3 −2 𝑤 𝑥 1 0
a) ( ) . ( 𝑦 𝑧) = ( ) b) ( ) . ( 𝑦 𝑧) = ( )
5 2 0 1 −1 2 0 1
3𝑤 + 𝑦 = 1 3𝑥 + 𝑧 = 0 3𝑤 − 2𝑦 = 1 3𝑥 − 2𝑧 = 0
{ ; { { ; {
5𝑤 + 2𝑦 = 0 5𝑥 + 2𝑧 = 1 −𝑤 + 2𝑦 = 0 −𝑥 + 2𝑧 = 1
Se resuelven los sistemas de ecuaciones y se obtiene: Se resuelven los sistemas de ecuaciones y se obtiene:
2 −1 1⁄2 1⁄2
w=2; y=-5; x=-1; z=3, entonces: 𝐴−1 = ( ) w=1/2; y=1/4; x=1/2; z=3/4: 𝐵 −1 = ( )
−5 3 1⁄4 3⁄4

3 1 𝑤 𝑥 1 0 −1 2 𝑤 𝑥 1 0
c) ( ) . ( 𝑦 𝑧) = ( ) d) ( ) . ( 𝑦 𝑧) = ( )
−1 0 0 1 −4 8 0 1
3𝑤 + 𝑦 = 1 3𝑥 + 𝑧 = 0 −𝑤 + 2𝑦 = 1 −𝑥 + 2𝑧 = 0
{ ; { { ; {
−𝑤 = 0 −𝑥 = 1 −4𝑤 + 8𝑦 = 0 −4𝑥 + 8𝑧 = 1
Se resuelven los sistemas de ecuaciones y se obtiene:
0 −1
w=0; y=1; x=-1; z=3, entonces: 𝐶 −1 = ( ) El sistema de la izquierda NO tiene solución.
1 3

3 1 3 −2 3 1
8 𝐴=( ) ;𝐵 = ( ) ;𝐶 = ( )
5 2 −1 2 −1 0
a) (𝑿 + 𝑩)𝑻 = 𝑨. 𝑪−𝟏 b) (𝑿 + 𝑩)𝑻 = 𝑿𝑻 + 𝑩𝑻
𝑋 + 𝐵 = (𝐴. 𝐶 −1 )𝑇 −2 4 3 −2 𝑇 −2 4 𝑇 3 −2 𝑇
[( )+( )] = ( ) +( )
𝑋 = (𝐴. 𝐶 −1 )𝑇 − 𝐵 1 −1 −1 2 1 −1 −1 2
3 1 0 −1 𝑇 3 −2 1 2 𝑇 −2 1 3 −1
𝑋 = [( ).( )] − ( ) ( ) =( )+( )
5 2 1 3 −1 2 0 1 4 −1 −2 2
1 0 𝑇
3 −2 1 0 1 0
𝑋=( ) −( ) ( )=( )
2 1 −1 2 2 1 2 1
1 2 3 −2 −2 4
𝑋=( )−( )=( )
0 1 −1 2 1 −1

3 2 −1
9
𝐴 = (4 5 −2)
3 −4 3
1 1
𝐴 = . (𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 ) + . (𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 )
2 2

3 2 −1 3 2 −1 𝑇 3 2 −1 3 2 −1 𝑇
1 1
𝐴 = . ((4 5 −2) + (4 5 −2) ) + 2 . ((4 5 −2) − (4 5 −2) )
2
3 −4 3 3 −4 3 3 −4 3 3 −4 3

3 2 −1 3 4 3 3 2 −1 3 4 3
1 1
𝐴 = . ((4 5 −2) + ( 2 5 −4 )) + . (( 4 5 −2) − ( 2 5 −4))
2 2
3 −4 3 −1 −2 3 3 −4 3 −1 −2 3
6 6 2 0 −2 −4
1 1
𝐴 = . (6 10 −6) + 2 . (2 0 2)
2
2 −6 6 4 −2 0
3 3 1 0 −1 −2 3 2 −1
𝐴 = (3 5 −3) + (1 0 1 ) = (4 5 −2)
1 −3 3 2 −1 0 3 −4 3
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP10: Matrices

10
1 −4 −5 1 X(-1) 0 1 1 1 1 2 5 −1
(1 −2 −3 1) (1 0 1 1 ) 1 −1 −2 2 )
1 1 0 1 X(-1) (2 1 3 1
2 −2 −4 2 X(-2)
X(-1) 1 1 1 0 3 0 1 3
1 −4 −5 1 X(-3)
X(-2)
(0 2 2 0) 0 1 1 1 X(-1)
1 2 5 −1
X(-1) X(-2)
2 −2 −4 2 (0 −1 0 1 ) (0 −3 −7 3 )
0 0 −1 1 0 −3 −7 3
1 −4 −5 1 1 1 1 0 0 −6 −14 6
X(-3)
(0 2 2 0)
0 6 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 5 −1
(0 0 1 2 ) X(-1) (0 −3 −7 3 )
1 −4 −5 1 0 0 −1 1 0 0 0 0
(0 2 2 0) 1 0 0 −1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 −1 El rango de C es 2
El rango de A es 2 (0 0 1 2 )
0 0 0 3
1 0 0 −1

El rango de B es 4

11 El problema se representa mediante: A.X=B

𝑃
𝑉𝑃1
(
8000 4500 4500 4500 4000) . 𝑉𝑃2 = ( 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜 )
50 20 20 20 10 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠
𝑉𝑃3
( 𝑇 )

12

2 3 1 84 45 84 45 213 297 174

a) ( ) 2 3 1
1 1 2 b) (86 43) c) (86 43) . ( ) = (215 301 172)
1 1 2
85 44 85 44 214 299 173