Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Facultad de Ciencias
Departamento de Geociencias

GEOLOGÍA HISTÓRICA
2015501 Grupo 01
Primer semestre 2019

Docente: Carlos Alberto Sánchez Quiñónez

Profesor Asociado D. E.

INTRODUCCIÓN AL CURSO
Basada en Levin (2013), Wicander y Monroe (2010), entre otros.
Geología Histórica (2015501-01) (Fuente SIA UN)

DURACIÓN
"HAP: Horas de Actividad Presencial a la semana o intensidad horaria: 6 Horas
HAI: Horas de Actividad autónoma o Independiente a la semana: 6 horas
THS: Total Horas de actividad académica por Semana: 12 horas
Semanas: Número de semanas por periodo académico (o semestre): 16
THP: Total de horas por semestre: 192 horas
Número de créditos: 3
 
¿Asignatura validable? No
¿Asignatura habilitable? No
 
TIPO DE CALIFICACIÓN
Numérica: De 0 a 5
 
PORCENTAJE DE ASISTENCIA (87 horas de clase este semestre)
90%. Mínimo de horas de asistencia: 78 horas.
 
PREREQUISITOS
Estratigrafía, Paleontología, Tectónica
 
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA ASIGNATURA
“Con base en la asignatura, el estudiante podrá entender y ubicar los eventos geológicos que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo geológico a nivel mundial. Con base en la geología regional de Colombia se puede conocer
si todos los eventos mundiales se encuentran registrados en nuestro país”.
Lista de inscritos (31 de Marzo)

Fuente SIA
 CONTENIDO DE LA ASIGNATURA (Como aparece en el SIA)
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
1.1. La Tierra
1.2. Su estructura
1.3. La vida sobre la Tierra
1.4. Tiempo geológico
2. CONDICIONES AMBIENTALES
2.1. Medio ambiente y vida
2.2. Tierra y mar
2.3. Principios ecológicos
2.4. Biogeografía
2.5. La atmósfera
2.6. Medios terrestres
2.7. Medios marinos
3. TIEMPO
3.1. Dataciones
3.2. Fósiles guía y biozonas
3.3. Radiometría
3.4. Estratigrafía
3.5. Evolución y filogenia
3.6. Bioeventos
4. MOVIMIENTO DE LA TIERRA
4.1. Tectónica de Placas
4.2. Cadenas montañosas
4.3. Los Andes
4.4. Los Alpes
4.5. El Himalaya
4.6. Los Apalaches
 
5. PRECÁMBRICO
5.1. ARQUEOZOICO
5.2. La edad del Universo y de la Tierra
5.3. Estructura de la Tierra
5.4. Rocas del Arqueozoico
5.5. Tectónica
5.6. El desarrollo de los grandes cratones
5.7. Vida del Arqueozoico
5.8. PROTEROZOICO
5.9. La Atmósfera
5.10. Vida del Proterozoico
5.11. Cratones del Proterozoico
5.12. Laurencia
5.13. Gondwana
5.14. Eurasia
6. PALEOZOICO 8. CENOZOICO
6.1. Paleogeografía del Cámbrico 8.1. PALEÓGENO
6.2. Organismos 8.2. Vida en el mar
6.3. Paleogeografía del Ordovícico
6.4. Organismos
8.3. Vida en tierra firme
6.5. Paleogeografía del Silúrico 8.4. Paleogeografía
6.6. Organismos 8.5. NEÓGENO
6.7. Paleogeografía del Devónico 8.6. Vida en el mar
6.8. Organismos 8.7. Vida en tierra firme
6.9. Paleogeografía del Carbonífero 8.8. Paleogeografía
6.10. Organismos 8.9. CUATERNARIO
6.11. Paleogeografía del Pérmico 8.10. Vida en el mar
6.12. Organismos
 
8.11. Vida en tierra firme
7. MESOZOICO 8.12. Paleogeografía
7.1. Paleogeografía del Triásico
7.2. Pangea
7.3. Paleogeografía del Jurásico
7.4. Vida en el mar
7.5. Vida en tierra firme
7.6. Paleogeografía del Cretácico
7.7. Vida en el mar
7.8. Vida en tierra firme
7.9. Clima
 PROGRAMA DE LA ASIGNATURA (Para el semestre I 2019)

1.  INTRODUCCIÓN AL CURSO

2. PRINCIPIOS EN LOS QUE SE FUNDAMENTA LA GEOLOGÍA HISTÓRICA

3. TIEMPO Y GEOLOGÍA

4. MINERALES Y ROCAS: DOCUMENTOS QUE REGISTRAN LA HISTORIA DE LA

TIERRA

5. ROCAS SEDIMENTARIAS: LOS ARCHIVOS DE LA HISTORIA DE LA TIERRA

6. EVOLUCIÓN DE LA VIDA (EVOLUCIÓN BIOLÓGICA)

7. TECTÓNICA DE PLACAS (TEORÍA QUE UNIFICA-SUBYACE TODA LA

HISTORIA DE LA TIERRA)

8. EL ORIGEN DEL UNIVERSO

9. EL ORIGEN DEL SISTEMA SOLAR

10. PRIMERAS ETAPAS EN LA FORMACIÓN DE LA TIERRA

11. EL EÓN ARCAICO (ARQUEANO)

12. EL EÓN PROTEROZOICO

13. PALEOZOICO TEMPRANO

14. PALEOZOICO TARDÍO

15. MESOZOICO

16. CENOZOICO

17. PRIMATES Y EVOLUCIÓN HUMANA

18. PROYECTOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

EVALUACIÓN DEL CURSO

•  1 Parcial teórico 20 %

•  2 Parcial teórico 20 % (Incluye todos los temas vistos en el curso).

•  3 Trabajo escrito del proyecto de investigación 20 %

•  4 Presentación oral del proyecto de investigación 20 %

•  5 Evaluaciones escritas cortas 10 %

•  6 Participación, asistencia, puntualidad 10 %

El curso es presencial y obligatorio. Se requiere que los estudiantes

asistan, mínimo, al 90% del curso para ser evaluados.

Cuando la asistencia mínima exigida en el programa-asignatura no se

cumpla, la asignatura se calificará con la nota de cero punto cero (0.0).
Acuerdo 008, 2008, Consejo superior Universitario, artículo 32.
Bibliografía recomendada

Levin (2013)
Bibliografía recomendada

(2015)
Bibliografía recomendada

(2010)
Bibliografía recomendada

(2002)
Bibliografía recomendada

(2001)
Bibliografía recomendada
GEOLOGY LIVES IN THE PRESENT AND THE PAST

For convenience, we divide the body of knowledge called geology into physical
geology and historical geology.

Topics such as weathering and soils, mass wasting, geologic resources, the
behavior of streams, glaciers, winds, ground water, ocean waves and currents,
and geologic resources are typical subjects found in physical geology textbooks.

Historical geology addresses Earth’s origin and evolution, distribution

of lands and seas through time, the growth and reduction of mountains, and the
succession of animals and plants that lived in the ocean and on continents down
through the ages.

The historical geologist sees the results of past geologic events and works
backward in time to find their cause. The process rather reminds us of the
“Crime Scene Investigator” who arrives on the scene of a murder and must
reconstruct what happened from whatever clues he or she can find.
Levin (2013)
What Is Geology?

Geology, from the Greek geo and logos, is defined as the study of Earth, but now must
also include the study of the planets and moons in our solar system. Geology is
generally divided into two broad areas: physical geology and historical geology.

Physical geology is the study of Earth materials, such as minerals and rocks, as well
as the processes operating within Earth and on its surface. Historical geology
examines the origin and evolution of Earth, its continents, oceans, atmosphere, and life.

Historical geology is, however, more than just a recitation of past events. It is the study
of a dynamic planet that has changed continuously during the past 4.6 billion years.

In addition to determining what occurred in the past, geologists are also concerned
with explaining how and why past events happened. It is one thing to observe in
the fossil record that dinosaurs went extinct but quite another to ask how and why they
became extinct, and, perhaps more important, what implications that holds for today’s
global ecosystem.
Wicander & Monroe (2010)
Historical geologists are concerned with all aspects of Earth and its life history. They
seek to determine what events occurred during the past, place those events into an
orderly chronological sequence, and provide conceptual frameworks for explaining such
events.

Equally important is using the lessons learned from the geologic past to understand and
place in context some of the global issues facing the world today, such as depletion of
natural resources, global climate warming, and decreasing biodiversity (practical
applications).

Thus, what makes historical geology both fascinating and relevant is that, like the dynamic
Earth it seeks to understand, it is an exciting and everchanging science in which new
discoveries and insights are continually being made.

Because of the nature of the science, all historical geology textbooks share some broad
similarities. Most begin with several chapters on concepts and principles, followed by a
chronological discussion of Earth and life history. Earth’s history it is a part of a dynamic
and complex integrated system, and not as a series of isolated and unrelated events.
Wicander & Monroe (2010)
The most fascinating field of geology is the study of our planet’s past. The history of
Earth is written in its rocks, and the history of life is told by its fossils.

Earth history is divided into units of geologic time according to the type and
abundance of fossils in the strata. The fossil record provides valuable insights into the
evolution of Earth. Knowledge of the origination and extinction of species throughout
geologic time is also necessary for understanding the evolution of life. Erickson (2002)

Historical geology (Lerner & Lerner, 2003)

All areas of geologic study are subdisciplines of either historical geology, which focuses
on the chemical, physical, and biological history of Earth, or physical geology, which is
the study of Earth materials and processes.

Historical geology uses theory, observation, and facts derived from studying rocks and
fossils to learn about the evolution of Earth and its inhabitants.
Historical geology (Tarbuck & Lutgens, 2014)

A major division of geology that deals with the origin of Earth and its development
through time. Usually involves the study of fossils and their sequence in rock beds.

Historical Geology (Jain, 2014)

Historical Geology aims at depicting earth’s evolutionary history in a chronological

manner. It not only gives clues to the past, but also formulates the
understanding about the geological makeup of the present. Hence, this branch
deals with the earth’s evolution and it’s past. Major branches of Historical Geology
are:

Geochronology: It is the study of time relative to the earth’s history.

Stratigraphy: This branch deals with the succession and interrelation of the
strata of the earth’s crust. It is thus, concerned with unrevealing the earth’s past
based on geological evidences provided within the rock beds and involves the
interpretation and correlation of the earth’s rock strata.
Paleontology: It is the study of prehistoric plants and animals as revealed by their
fossil records, relative to the earth’s chronology.
Micropaleontology: It is the study of fossil organisms that are microscopic in size.
Paleoecology: It is the study of the inter-relationship between ancient organisms
and their environment.
Paleoclimatology: It is the study of climates of the geologic past.
Paleogeography: It is the study of physical geography of all or part of earth’s
surface in the geologic past.
Paleomagnetism: It is the study of the nature of earth’s magnetic field over geologic
time.

Historical Geology (Bates, 1987)

A mejor branch of geology that is concerned with the evolution of the Earth and its
life forms from its origins to the present day. The study of historical geology therefore
involves investigations into stratigraphy, paleontology, and geochronology, as well
as the consideration of paleoenvironments,
glacial periods, and plate-tectonic motions. It is complementary to physical geology.
Not to be confused with history of geology.
History of Geology (Bates, 1987)

That branch of the history of science that treats the development of geologic
knowledge, including the history of observations of geologic features, the history of
theories to explain their origin, and the history of the organization and development
of geologic institutions and societies. The biographical study of geologists is
included. Not to be confused with historical geology.

Próxima clase:

Principios en los que se basa la Geología Histórica.