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Dentro del sector agrícola, un porcentaje elevado del agua demandada, se pierde en los
sistemas de irrigación. Estas pérdidas son producto, por un lado, de la infiltración y
evaporación que se produce en los canales, y por otro, de la realización de operaciones
de control ineficientes. En la mayoría de los sistemas de irrigación la entrega de
caudales hacia los cultivos se lleva a cabo mediante gravedad. El caudal derivado por
las salidas laterales depende de los niveles de flujo en el canal principal. A su vez, estos
niveles son modificados a través de las variaciones de las estructuras de control
transversales. En consecuencia, los movimientos de compuertas o vertederos provocan
nuevos regímenes hidráulicos que generalmente son desconocidos. Sin embargo, si se
desea establecer una entrega precisa de agua, resulta necesario conocer el
comportamiento de estos estados transitorios del canal.
La tirante normal y crítico (datos de salida) se calculará mediante la aplicación del algoritmo de
newton y la interpolación polinómial, para ello se toma las variables que intervienen en las
ecuaciones de Nanning (datos de entrada).
Para el cálculo de la curva de remanso se aplicará el modelo matemático por el método directo
por tramos.
Y al finalizar con los los datos obtenidos gracias al programa de Matlab se determinará las
posiciones de las compuertas
Due to the strong population growth, the consequent increase in the demand of the
agricultural sector, the increase in industrial development and the intensification of
environmental pollution, water has become a scarce resource in several sectors of the
world. For this reason, it is essential to carry out studies of techniques that lead to a
more rational use of water, that increase the efficiency of its management and storage,
that allow the construction of adequate infrastructure and that encourage the
investigation of new sources.
Within the agricultural sector, a high percentage of the water demanded is lost in the
irrigation systems. These losses are the product, on the one hand, of the infiltration and
evaporation that occurs in the channels, and on the other, of the performance of
inefficient control operations. In most irrigation systems the delivery of flows to crops is
carried out by gravity. The flow rate derived from the side outlets depends on the flow
levels in the main channel. In turn, these levels are modified through the variations of
the transverse control structures. Consequently, movements of gates or landfills cause
new hydraulic regimes that are generally unknown. However, if it is desired to establish
an accurate water delivery, it is necessary to know the behavior of these transient states
of the channel. Understanding hydraulic behavior facilitates the design of protocols for
the operation of irrigation channels. Through these protocols, it is intended to establish
optimal gate operation strategies in order to meet certain flow demands at the side exits.
For the following research work two levels of gate operation protocols in channels were
proposed. each of these applied in combination of both protocols. The first strategy
consists in determining the depths of water in lateral gates that cause the derivation of
desired lateral flows. Finally, a procedure is proposed to carry out the control of water
depths in the transverse gates.
This research paper proposes the implementation of a water depth controller in both the
transverse and lateral gates that will be given manually. For this, the calculation of the
normal brace, the critical brace and the backwater curve in the MATLAB program will
be programmed
The normal and critical brace (output data) will be calculated by applying the Newton
algorithm and polynomial interpolation, for which the variables involved in the Nanning
equations (input data) are taken.
For the calculation of the backwater curve, the mathematical model will be applied by
the direct method by sections.
And at the end of the data obtained thanks to the Matlab program, the positions of the
gates will be determined
KEY WORDS: Newton Raphson method, Normal brace, critical brace, Nanning
equation, polynomial interpolation, Matlab Program, Gate optimization