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Evidencia 11-3 Ingles Ensayo
Evidencia 11-3 Ingles Ensayo
PRESENTADO POR
HUMBERTO MORENO CORDOBA
From May 15, 2012 came into force the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) signed by
Colombia and the United States with the aim of promoting trade between the two
countries. The Treaty affects all sectors of the economy and national productive
life, including ICT.
Basically, an FTA seeks to increase the flows of capital derived from trade between
countries, promote foreign investment and, consequently, encourage the economic
and social development of the nations that intervene.
In the case of the agreement signed between Colombia and the United States, this
is known as FTA, although its technical name was the Trade Promotion Agreement
(TPA). The basic objective of this deal is the reduction of tariffs and taxes so that
the producers of the two countries can trade freely. Under this treaty, Colombia
eliminated tariffs for the entry into the country of about 82% of industrial products
generated in the United States, meanwhile, the United States. he eliminated them
for almost all Colombian products that cross their borders.
Este TLC, al igual que los otros acuerdos firmados por Colombia, está
constituido por normas y procedimientos derivados de ellas, las cuales son
aplicables en igualdad de condiciones para los dos países. El TLC no es una Ley,
ni está conformado por ellas; sin embargo, de acuerdo a la Constitución Política de
nuestro país, los acuerdos internacionales tienen todo el rigor y han de ser
acatados como cualquier otra normativa vigente.
El TLC es una especie de guía metodológica de cómo exportar – importar entre
los países firmantes, con recomendaciones generales y criterios que determinan el
marco bajo el cual cada país puede actuar para obtener los mayores beneficios.
En este sentido, por una parte es necesario que los dos países expidan
legislaciones para temas específicos que aprovechen las condiciones bilaterales;
por la otra, cada país es libre de dictar sus políticas económicas nacionales y
tomar las medidas que considere pertinentes para impulsar el comercio
internacional y especialmente proteger y promover la exportación de sus
productos.
This FTA, like the other agreements signed by Colombia, is constituted by norms
and procedures derived from them, which are applicable in equal conditions for the
two countries. The FTA is not a Law, nor is it conformed by them; However,
according to the Political Constitution of our country, international agreements have
all the rigor and must be complied with like any other current legislation.
The FTA is a kind of methodological guide on how to export - import among the
signatory countries, with general recommendations and criteria that determine the
framework under which each country can act to obtain the greatest benefits. In this
sense, on the one hand, it is necessary for the two countries to issue legislation for
specific issues that take advantage of bilateral conditions; On the other, each
country is free to dictate its national economic policies and take the measures it
deems pertinent to boost international trade and especially to protect and promote
the export of its products.
Desventajas.
Si se leen solamente las informaciones emitidas por el sector industrial y por parte
del gobierno, se pensaría que los tratados entre los Estados Unidos y países de
América Latina benefician a ambas parte por igual. No obstante, ésto no es del
todo verdad. Los Tratados de Libre Comercio tienen un lado oscuro que pone en
peligro a pequeños productores y a la economía nacional. En los próximos
párrafos, se explicarán las desventajas de los acuerdos de libre comercio entre
Estados Unidos y países de América del Sur, Centroamérica y países del Caribe.
Empezaré con los países más cercanos, Perú y Colombia. El acuerdo comercial
con Colombia se firmó en 2011; desde entonces, se ha dado una falta de
infraestructura por parte de Colombia y algunas de sus industrias han sufrido a
causa de las importaciones de Estados Unidos.
Los bajos precios nos indican que los productores colombianos no pueden
competir con su nivel de producción actual; uno de los sectores más afectados es
el de los productores de lácteos, maíz, y arroz. Según la Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, la desigualdad de poder en la escala global y la habilidad de influir por
parte de los países ricos, causa claros desequilibrios. En este caso, Estados
Unidos aprovecha su habilidad de producir maíz y lácteos eficientemente para
vender al mercado colombiano, el cual, no puede competir.
I will start with the closest countries, Peru and Colombia. The trade agreement with
Colombia was signed in 2011; Since then, there has been a lack of infrastructure
on the part of Colombia and some of its industries have suffered from imports from
the United States.
In most cases, the United States has had sufficient resources and infrastructure to
produce products at cheaper prices, in larger quantities and more efficiently. As a
result of the trade agreement, US products can cross the Colombian border without
tariffs and invade the Colombian market.
The low prices indicate that Colombian producers can not compete with their
current level of production; One of the most affected sectors is the producers of
dairy, corn, and rice. According to the National University of Colombia, the
inequality of power in the global scale and the ability to influence by rich countries,
causes clear imbalances. In this case, the United States takes advantage of its
ability to produce corn and dairy efficiently to sell to the Colombian market, which
can not compete.
Ventajas.
En primer lugar, los tratados entre los Estados Unidos y países de América del
Sur, dejan que las empresas de los países latinos tengan un mercado nuevo y
poderoso para vender sus productos. Como país individual tiene el poder de
adquisición más poderoso del mundo. Por lo tanto, tiene sentido que los gobiernos
de dichos países quieran dar acceso al mercado estadounidense, a sus empresas
y sus exportadores.
Esta declaración implica que el trato beneficiaría a las empresas que tienen
especial interés en la exportación.
Otro punto importante para el gobierno colombiano fue el aumento del interés por
parte de los Estados Unidos. Un acuerdo anterior fue el ATPA, “Andean Trade
Preferences Act”, que dio acceso a los mercados americanos con aranceles
reducidos a cambio de contribuciones en la lucha en contra de las drogas. Con
más inversión de parte de los EE. UU, Colombia esperaba que la pobreza
disminuyera debido a mejores oportunidades económicas e infraestructura. En los
primeros nueve meses de 2016, el 32,8% de las exportaciones de Colombia se
destinaron a los EE. UU. En el mismo período, el 26,5% de las importaciones en
Colombia llegaron desde los EE. UU.
El TLC con Perú y los Estados Unidos se firmó en 2009. La Sociedad de Comercio
Exterior del Perú reportó que los envíos peruanos crecieron a una tasa promedio
anual del 3,8% en los mercados estadounidenses. En 2016, los EE. UU fue el
segundo destino más importante para exportaciones peruanas (la Unión Europea
fue el primero). La Sociedad de Comercio Exterior también apuntó a que las
importaciones de los Estados Unidos han aumentado desde que el tratado se
firmó; sin embargo, ellos presentan que se ha incrementado el beneficio gracias a
los bienes de capital en la agricultura y materias primas.
In the first place, treaties between the United States and South American countries
allow companies in Latin countries to have a new and powerful market to sell their
products. As an individual country it has the most powerful purchasing power in the
world. Therefore, it makes sense that the governments of these countries want to
give access to the US market, its companies and its exporters.
The FTA between the United States and Colombia was signed in 2011. During the
negotiations on the established rules, the Colombian government said things like:
"The FTA is an agreement that generates opportunities for all Colombians." He
emphasized the advantages for Colombia in the new access to American markets.
He said that the FTA was a way to redirect the imbalance between imports and
exports.
This statement implies that the treatment would benefit companies that have
special interest in exporting.
In addition, the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism admitted that, at first,
the treatment would help exporters more than national companies; but it was said
that, in the end, the deal would help all Colombians.
However, the Ministry did not provide statistics or specific information on how the
benefits would work for non-exporting companies. With the importance of the US
markets in mind, the government (and industries that export) wanted to guarantee
the destiny of Colombian products for many years.
Another important point for the Colombian government was the increased interest
on the part of the United States. A previous agreement was the ATPA, "Andean
Trade Preferences Act," which gave access to American markets with reduced
tariffs in exchange for contributions in the fight against drugs. With more
investment from the US In the United States, Colombia hoped that poverty would
decrease due to better economic opportunities and infrastructure. In the first nine
months of 2016, 32.8% of Colombia's exports went to the US. UU In the same
period, 26.5% of imports in Colombia came from the USA. UU
The FTA with Peru and the United States was signed in 2009. The Foreign Trade
Company of Peru reported that Peruvian shipments grew at an average annual
rate of 3.8% in the US markets. In 2016, the US UU was the second most
important destination for Peruvian exports (the European Union was the first). The
Foreign Trade Society also pointed out that imports from the United States have
increased since the treaty was signed; however, they report that the benefit has
increased thanks to capital goods in agriculture and raw materials.
BIBLIOGRAFIA.
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