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NDIMUTO AUGUSTIN
INGENIEUR EN CONSTRUCTION & CONSULTANT INDEPENDANT
DIRECTEUR TECHNIQUE DU BUREAU D’ETUDE BETRAGEC
EXPERT IMMOBILIER AGREE PAR L’ORDRE DES EVALUATEURS
DES BIENS IMMOBILIERS AU RWANDA (IRPV)
CERTIFICATE N° RC/IRPV/063/2011, RÉF. A/009/IRPV/2011
TÉL.: 0788350775; E-MAIL: ndimutaug2009@yahoo.fr
B.P: 435 GISENYI / RUBAVU

PROJECT : REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL DESIGN

OF TWO STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING LOCATED AT
RUBAVU DISTRICT; BUGOYI CELL, GISENYI SECTOR, PLOT
NUMBER : 898

PROJECT OWNER: Mr. KAMALI JEAN

DESIGN CODE: BS 8110 (Practice for structural use of

Concrete 2013)

August 2017
 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ……………………………………………….…... 2

II. MATERIAL STRENGTHS ………………………………………………………….……... 5
III. EXPOSURE CONDITIONS ……………………………………….……………….……....5
IV. REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN ………………………….……………….….…...6
4.1 DESIGN OF SLAB P12….………………………………….…….………………….…...6
4.2. DESIGN OF BEAM type Along E-E axis……………………….………….…….…...11
4.2.1. Dimensions of the beam …………………………………………….………..….…...12
4.2.2. Calculation of Areas of influence on the beam along E-E axis …………….…...14
4.2.3 Calculation of bending moments and shear forces
using CROSS’s Moment Distribution Method (MDM) ………………………. …...…...16
4.2.4. Required steel reinforcement in the beam ……. ……………..….………..….…... 22
4.2.5. Arrangement of steel reinforcement in the beam ………………………………….25
4.3. COLUMN DESIGN ANALYSIS …..………………………………..……………………26
4.3.1. Loads on the column C21…………………………………….………………………26
4.3.2. Ground floor part of the column ………………………………….………………….27
4.3.3. Required steel reinforcement ……………………………..………………………….27
4.4. DESIGN OF PAD FOUNDATION Footing under C21……………………………….29
4.4.1. Soil bearing capacity ………………………….………….………..………………….29
4.4.2. Characteristic load transmitted to the foundation………………………………….29
4.4.3. Weight of the foundation …………………………………………………………….29
4.4.4. Foundation base dimensions ………………………………………….…………….29
4.4.5. Checking of the punching shear ………………….…………………….…………..30
4.4.6. Required steel reinforcement for the foundation………………………………..….31
4.4.7. Steel Reinforcement Arrangement…………………………………………..……….32
4.5. DESIGN OF STAIR CASE…………………………………………………………….33
4.5.1 Calculation of load P …………………………………………...………………………34
4.5.2. Calculation of load P1…………………………………………………………………35
4.5.3 Calculation of Maximum Bending moment for beam
 2

P1 as simply supported …………………………………………………………………..35

4.5.4. Calculation of Maximum Bending moment for beam ……………….……………..35
4.5.5. Calculation of steel reinforcement in the stairs……………………….…………… 36
4.5.6. Steel reinforcement arrangement in the stairs ……………………….…………….37
 3

I. NOTATION AND ABBREVIATION

IS : Indian standard

BS : British Standard
As : Cross sectional area of tensile reinforcement
As’ : Cross sectional area of compressive reinforcement
Asv : Cross sectional area of shear reinforcement in the form of links
Acr : Distance from surface of crack to print if zero strain ( crack width)
b : Width of any cross section
bw : Breadth of section width of web
d : Effective dept of section
fcu : Characteristic concrete cube strength
fs : Service strength of steel
fy : Characteristic strength of reinforcement
Gk : Characteristic dead load (Design permanent load)
Qk : Characteristic live load (Design live load)
Ht : Overall dept of section in the plane of bending
ho : Effective depth of the beam
le : `Effective height of column
M : Bending moment
Mu : Ultimate moment of resistance
N : Axial load
n : Total distributed load on the slab panel
n : Ultimate design load
n : number of legs ( branch ) of one stirrup
sv : Spacing links along member
V : Ultimate shear force
v : Design shear stress
vc : Designation concrete shear stress
Z : Lever arm
 4

m : Partial safety factor for strength

f : Partial safety factor for load

- Deal load : f = 1.40

- Imposed ( live load) : f = 1.60

FEM : Fixed End Moment
DF : Distribution Factor
COM : Carryover moment
COF : Carryover Factor
Rxns : Reaction at supports
AuxV : Auxilliary shear
DiRV : Direct shear
Ø : Bar diameter

S = 𝑥 u = Location of neutral axis

So : Clear span
S : distance center to center between stirrups
Ps : Soil bearing capacity
e : eccentricity
Qf : Punching shear force in foundation
Nf : load transmitted by the column to footing of foundation
Δq : balanced soil pressure
Ab : Average lateral area of the punching pyramid
Um : Average perimeter of punching pyramid
NC : Characteristic load transmitted by the column to the foundation
ξR : 0.559
ρrc : Specific weight of reinforced concrete
ρcp : Specific weight of cement plaster
ρmw : Specific weight of masonry wall
GK : Dead load (Permanent load to be calculated)
QK (n) : Live load = 1.5KN/m2 for residential house
 5

Vmax : Maximum shear force

qsw : shear force carried by stirrups
φbf: coefficient for the ordinary concrete
HA : HR : Hot rolled high yield bar
R: Mild steel
D: Overall depth
bf : Width of flange
hf: Depth of flange
As (prov) `: Area of steel provided
As ( reqd) : Area of steel required
Asw : Area (cross section) of one leg of stirrup
C/c : Center-to-center
Rb : concrete compressive design strength ( = 1.40 KN/cm2)
Rbt : concrete tensile design strength ( = 0.09KN/cm2)
Rs : Steel design strength ( = 40 KN/cm2)
RSC : Design steel compressive force
Nb : Rb* Abc : Resultant compressive force carried by concrete
NS’ : RSC*As’ : Resultant compressive force carried by reinforcement
NS : RSC * AS’ : Tensile force carried by reinforcement
Abt : concrete tensile area ( to be neglected)
Abc : Concrete compressive area
Ab : cross section area of the column
ho : Effective depth of the cross section :
𝑥 : 0.8 * s = compressive concrete depth :
S : Location of neutral axis
Qsinc : Total vertical component of the shear force carried by all inclined bars at
the distance Co = Shear force carried by bent up bars
Co : Projection of stirrups
Qsw : shear force carried by stirrups Σ Rsw * Asw
Rsw : 0.8 Rs: Design strength of the stirrups and the inclined bars
Qb : shear force carried by concrete in the compression area
Qmax : QD : Maximum shear force in the beam
 6

𝑙𝑜
𝜆 :
𝑎
: Slenderness ratio of column

φ : coefficient taking into account the slenderness ratio of column and the construction
inaccuracies
βSx : Short span coefficient in slab design
F/C : Footing under column

II. MATERIAL STRENGTHS

1. ( Cube strength of concrete (cu) = 25N/mm2
2. Density of concrete (concrete) = 24KN/m3
3. Characteristic strength of reinforcement (y) = 250N/mm2 for ( Mild steel)
4. Characteristic strength of reinforcement (y) =460N/mm2 for ( High yield steel)
III. EXPOSURE CONDITIONS (According to BS code of Practice for structural use of
concrete 2013)
1. Fire resistance of 1.5hrs for all members
2. Members in contact with soil : 50mm cover for very severe conditions
3. Members not in contact with soil : 30mm cover for very severe conditions
4. 25mm cover for staircase members.
5. 30mm cover for the beam
6. 50mm cover for the footing of foundation
7. 25mm cover for slab
IV. REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Ref Calculation Output
BS8110 4.1 DESIGN OF SLAB ( Panel nº 12)
2013 Durability and fire resistance
Nominal cover for very moderate
conditions of Exposure = 25mm
Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance
=20 mm Provide nominal cover =
Since 25>20, provide nominal cover 25mm 25mm

Preliminary sizing of slab

𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑥 440 440 Because in general the
≤ ℎ𝑜 ≤ = ≤ ℎ ≤
40 25 40 25
range for the thickness of
11 ≤ ℎ ≤ 17.6
slab is
ℎ = 15cm
12 𝑐𝑚 ≤ℎ ≤ 20 𝑐𝑚;
we take ℎ = 15 cm
Effective depth in all direction of the slab
ho = 15 cm – 2.5cm = 12.5 cm
ℎ𝑜 =12.5 cm
 7

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output
 Sketch

The panel (P12) chosen is the

Lx = 4400 slab with the largest side in
order to obtain the greatest
thickness of the slab (h=15cm)

Ly = 4800

Ly = 4800mm Lx= 4400 mm

λ= Ly/Lx= 4800/4400= 1.09< 2
Hence slab is designed as two ways span
with 4 fixed sides or 4 edges continuous

 Loading
-Self weight of slab = Dead load
1.40 * 0.15 * 1 * 1 * 24 = 5.04KN/m2 Total dead Load = 7.14KN/m2
-Finishes =1.40*1.5=2.1KN/m2
Total dead load = 5.04 KN/m2 + .2.10 KN/m2
= 7.14 KN/m2

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output
Design live load for residential house = Live Load
1.60*1.50KN/m2 = 2.40kN/m2 Qk =
2 2
Design load (n) = 7.14KN/m + 2.40kN/m =9.54KN/m 2 2.40 KN/m2
For a 1m width , n = 9.54 KN (n=Total distributed load on n =
the slab panel) 9.54 KN/m2

BS Standard Bending moment in simply supported slabs

8110 According to the moment coefficients related to the
design of slabs shown in table 6.5 at Page 51 of B.S
standard 2013;
λ = Ly = 4.80 = 1.09 ~ 1.10
Lx 4.40
For panel P 12 with four fixed sides ( continuous edges);
Msx = ∝ 𝑠𝑥 * n * Lx2
Mx- = 0.050 * 9.54 * 4.40 * 4.40 = 9.24 KN/m2
Mx+ = 0.021 * 9.54 * 4.40 * 4.40 = 3.88 KN/m2

Msy = ∝ 𝑠𝑦 * n * Lx2
Mx- = 0.041 * 9.54 * 4.40* 4.40 = 7.57 KN.m
Mx+ = 0.018 * 9.54 * 4.40 * 4.40 = 3.33 KN.m
 8

Conclusion
 Negative Mmax = 9.24 KNm ( For to use in design of
the required steel reinforcement at the top of slab
- Positive Mmax : 3.88 KNm ( for to use in design of
the required steel reinforcement at the bottom of the
slab)

Reinforcement Analysis
Effective depth = ho = 15cm -2,5 cm = 12,50 cm
a. Required steel at the top
∝ 𝑚 = Mmax- = 9.24KNm * 100 = 0.042
Rb* b * ho2 1.40*100*(12.50)2
∝ 𝑚 = 0.049 ξ = 0.05; = η = 0.975 ( see table of
coefficients relative to the design of members
subjected to bending moment page 65 of annex RCD I
Ās= Mmax = 9.24*100 = 2.166
η * Rs * ho 0.975*40*12.5
Ās = 2.166 cm2 = 2 ø 12= 2.26 cm2
Taken 5 ø12/m Provide ø 12 / 20 cm. In general the
minimum bars required per meter in the slab is taken
as 5 bars ø 12

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output

b) Required Steel at the bottom

∝m = Mmax = 3.88 x 100 = 0.018
RS* b*ho2 1.40 *100*( 12.5)2
∝ 𝑚 = 0.018 ξ = 0.02; n= 0.990 Singly reinforced section
+
As = Mmax = 3.88 * 100 = 0.784cm 2

η *RS*ho 0.990*40*12.5
As = 0.784 cm2
+ 0.85 cm2 = 3 ø 6 (not suffiscient)
Taken 5ø10/m provide ø 10/20cm (5 bars min / m in slab)
 9

ARRANGEMENT OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT IN THE SLAB

a) Transverse cross section
Ln/3 Ln/3 Ln/3 Ln/3

5Ø12/m

5Ø10/m

Ln Ln

Ref Calculation Output

B. Plan view
Ø12/20 cm x
Lx = 4.40m

Ø12/20 cm
0,25L 025L Φ12/20cm

Φ10/20cm

Ly = 4.80m

Ø12/20 cm Ø10/20 cm
y Φ12/20cm

y
 10

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref 4.2. DESIGN OF BEAM along E-E axis Output

- The total height (ht) of the beam has to be in the

range below :
ht : 50 cm
ℓy < ht < ℓy =480 <ht < 480 = 32 <ht<60
15 8 15 8
Taken ht = 50 cm bw = 30 cm

- The Breadth of the section (width of the web) of the

beam has to be in the range below :
0.50 <b < 1 => 0.50 = b = b = 25 cm bf’ = 160 cm
ht 50
Taken : b = 30 cm

- The flange (bf’) of the beam has to be the lesser of

a) ℓy = 480 = 160cm
3 3

b) ℓx = 440 = 220 cm
2 2

c) 12h+b = ( 12 * 15) + 25 = 205 cm

Taken bf’ = 160 cm

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output
BSS8110
4.2.1. Dimensions of the beam T-section

a) Sketch showing T-section

bf = 160 cm
bf’ bw = 30 cm
hf = 15 cm
hf
ht ht = 50 cm

bw
 11

STRUCTURAL PLAN SHOWING LOCATION OF COLUMNS AND BEAMS

b) Sketch showing areas of influence on the beam type along E-E axis

STRUCTURAL PLAN SHOWING LOCATION OF COLUMNS AND BEAM

 12

4.2.2. Calculation of areas of influence on the beam type

1.00+3.20
A1a = *1.60= 3.36 m2
2
1.00+3.20
A1b = *0.85=1.79 m2
2
1.90∗1.10
A2a = = 1.05 m2
2
1.00+1.90
A2b = *0.85= 1.23 m2
2
3.10∗1.10
A3a = = 1.71m2
2
1.00+3.10
A3b = 2
* 0.85 = 1.74 m2

1.50∗1.10
A4a = = 0.83 m2
2
1.50∗0.35
A4b = = 0.26 m2
2
1.00∗4.40
A5a = ∗ 1.60 = 4.32 m2
2
1.00∗4.40
A5b = ∗ 0.85 = 2.30 m2
2
1.00∗3.50
A6a= ∗ 1.60 = 3.60 m2
2
1.00∗3.00
A6b= ∗ 0.85 = 1.70 m2
2

Summary
A1 = A1a + A1b = 3.36 m2 + 1.79 m2 = 5.15 m2
A2 = A2a + A2b = 1.05 m2 + 1.23 m2 = 2.28 m2
A3 = A3a + A3b = 1.71 m2 + 1.74 m2 = 3.45 m2
A4 = A4a + A4b = 0.83 m2 + 0.26 m2 = 1.09 m2
A5 = A5a + A5b = 4.32 m2 + 2.30 m2 = 6.62 m2
A6 = A6a + A6b = 3.60 m2 + 1.70 m2 = 5.30 m2
 13

4.2.3. Calculation of dead load on the beam type along E-E axis

Static calculation chart

A B C L3 D L4 E L5 F G
L1 L2 L6

3.20 m 1.90 m 3.10 m 1.50 m 4.40 m 3.50 m

a) Dead load on span A B

- Self-weight of slab on span AB= 5.15 m2 * 0.125 m* 24KN/m3 = 15.45 KN

- Finishes = 5.12m2 * 0.50KN/m2 = 2.56 KN, where 0.50 KN/m2 is permanent load for
finishes (Béton armé, guide de calcul page 25)
- Maconnery wall = 0KN (No wall above span AB)
- Plaster on the wall = 0KN
- Self-weight of beam span AB = (0.50 m – 0.125 m) * 3.20 m * 0.30 m * 24 KN/m3
= 0.375 m * 3.20 m * 0.30 m * 24 KN/m3
= 8.64 KN
- Total dead load on span AB = 15.45 KN + 2.56 KN + 8.64 KN = 26.65 KN

b) Dead load on span BC

- Self weight of slab on span BC= 2.28 m2 * 0.125 m * 24KN/m3 = 6.84KN
- Finishes: 2.28m2 * 0.50 KN/m2 = 1.14 KN
- Maconnery wall = 0.20 m * 2.65 m * 1.90m * 18KN/m 3 = 18.13 KN, where 2.65m is the
height of wall and 18KN/m3 is specific weight for the maconnery wall
- Plaster on the wall = 0.03m * 2.65 m * 1.90m * 2 * 20KN/m 3 = 6.04KN, where 20KN/m3 is
specific weight for the cement plaster and 0.03 is cover of cement on wall
- Self weight of beam span BC: =(0.50m – 0.125m) * 1.90m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 0.375m * 1.90m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
=5.13 KN
Total dead load on span BC = 6.84 KN + 1.14 KN + 18.13 KN + 6.04 KN + 5.13KN
= 37.28 KN
 14

c) Dead load on Span CD

- Self weight of slab on span DC = 3.45m2 * 0.125m * 24KN/m3 = 10.35 KN
- Finishes = 3.45m2 * 0.50KN/m2 = 1.73 KN
- Maconnery wall = 0 KN (no wall)
- Plaster on the wall = 0 KN (no wall)
- Self weight of beam span CD = (0.50m – 0.125m) * 3.10m x 0.30m x 24 KN/m3
= 0.375m * 3.10m * 0.30m * 24 KN/m3
= 8.73 KN
-Total dead load on span CD = 10.35 KN + 1.73 KN + 8.37 KN = 20.45 KN
d) Dead load on span DE
- Self weight of slab on span DE = 1.09m2 * 0.125m x 24 KN/m3 = 22.55 KN
- Finishes = 1.09m2 * 0.50KN/m2 = 0.55 KN
- Maconnery wall = 0 KN (no wall)
- Plaster on the wall = 0 KN (no wall)
- Self weight of beam span DE = (0.50m – 0.125m) * 1.50m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 0.375m * 1.50m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 4.05KN
Total dead load on span DE = 3.27KN + 0.55KN + 4.05KN= 7.87KN
e) Dead load on Span EF
- Self weight of slab on span EF = 6.62m2 * 0.125m * 24KN/m3 = 19.86KN
- Finishes = 6.62m2 * 0.50KN/m2 = 3.31KN
- Maconnery wall = 0 KN (no wall)
- Plaster on the wall = 0 KN (no wall)
- Self weight of beam span EF = (0.50m – 0.125m) * 4.40m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 0.375m * 4.40m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 11.88KN
Total dead load on span EF = 19.86 KN + 3.31KN + 11.88 KN= 35.05KN
 15

f) Dead load on Span FG

- Self weight of slab on span FG = 5.30m2 * 0.125m * 24KN/m3 = 15.90KN
- Finishes = 5.30m2 * 0.50KN/m2 = 2.65KN
- Maconnery wall = 0.20m * 2.65m * 3.50 m * 18KN/m3 =33.39KN
- Plaster on the wall = 0.03m * 2.62m * 3.50m *2 * 20KN/m3=11.13KN
- Self weight of beam span FG = (0.50m – 0.125m) * 3.50m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 0.375m * 3.50m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 9.45KN
Total dead load on span FG = 15.90KN + 2.65KN + 33.39KN + 11.13KN + 9.45KN= 72.52KN

4.2.4. Calculations of live load on the beam type along E – E axis

Because of the purpose of the building (lodge), we assume that the live load is taken as
1.50KN/m2
4.2.5. Calculation of dead load per meter on the beam type
 Span AB = 26.65KN/3.20m = 8.33KN/m
 Span BC = 37.28KN/1.90m = 19.62KN/m
 Span CD = 20.45KN/3.10m= 6.60KN/m
 Span DE = 7.8KN/1.50m = 5.25KN/m
 Span EF = 35.05KN/4.40m = 7.94KN/m
 Span FG = 72.52KN/3.50m = 20.72KN/m

4.2.6. Calculations of combination of load ( Design load ) P = n = 1.40GK + 1.60Qk

 Span AB = (1.40 * 8.33) + ( 1.60 *1.50) = 11.66KN/m + 2.40KN/m = 14.06KN/m
 Span BC = (1.40 * 19.62)+ (1.60 * 1.50) = 27.47KN/m + 2.40KN/m = 29.87KN/m
 Span CD = (1.40 * 6.60) + (1.60 * 1.50) = 9.24KN/m + 2.40KN/m = 11.64KN/m
 Span DE = (1.40 * 5.25) + (1.60 * 1.50) = 7.35KN/m + 2.40 KN/m = 9.75 KN/m
 Span EF = (1.40 * 7.97) + (1.60 * 1.50) = 11.16KN /m + 2.40KN/m = 13.56KN/m
 Span FG = (1.40 * 20.72) + (1.60 * 1.50) = 29.01KN/m + 2.40 KN/m = 31.41KN/m
 16

4.2.7. Calculation of bending moments and shear forces using CROSS’s Moment
Distribution Method (MDM)

4.2.7.1. Calculation of Fixed End Moment (FEM)

a) FEM for span AB and BA

14.06KN/m
Mx Mx

- L1=3.20m +

𝑊𝐿12 +𝑊𝐿12
𝑀𝑥 − = 𝑀𝑥 + =
12 12
−14.60∗3.20∗3.20 +14.6∗3.20∗3.20
𝑀𝑥 − = 𝑀𝑥 + =
12 12
𝑀𝑥 − = −12.00𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑥 + = +12.00𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

b) FEM for span BC and CB

29.87KN/m
Mx Mx

- L2=1.90m +

𝑊𝐿22 +𝑊𝐿22
𝑀𝑥 − = 𝑀𝑥 + =
12 12
− −29.87∗1.90∗1.90 + +29.87∗1.90∗1.90
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑀𝑥 =
12 12
𝑀𝑥 − = −8.99𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑥 + = +8.99𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

c) FEM for span CD and DC

11.64KN/m
Mx Mx

- L3=3.10m +

𝑊𝐿32 +𝑊𝐿32
𝑀𝑥 − = 𝑀𝑥 + =
12 12
−11.64∗3.10∗3.10 +11.64∗3.10∗3.10
𝑀𝑥 − = 𝑀𝑥 + =
12 12
𝑀𝑥 − = −9.32𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑥 + = +9.32𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
 17

d) FEM for span DE and ED

9.75KN/m
Mx Mx

- L4=1.50m +

𝑊𝐿42 +𝑊𝐿42
𝑀𝑥 − = 𝑀𝑥 + =
12 12
− −9.75∗1.50∗1.50 + +9.75∗1.50∗1.50
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑀𝑥 =
12 12
𝑀𝑥 − = −1.83𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑥 + = +1.83𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

e) FEM for span EF and FE

13.56KN/m
Mx Mx

- L5=4.40m +

𝑊𝐿52 +𝑊𝐿52
𝑀𝑥 − = 𝑀𝑥 + =
12 12
− −13.56∗4.40∗4.40 + +13.56∗4.40∗4.40
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑀𝑥 =
12 12
𝑀𝑥 − = −21.88𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑥 + = +21.88𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

f) FEM for span FG and GF

31.44KN/m
Mx Mx

- L6=3.50m +

𝑊𝐿62 +𝑊𝐿62
𝑀𝑥 − = 𝑀𝑥 + =
12 12
− −31.44∗3.50∗3.50 + +31.44∗3.50∗3.50
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑀𝑥 =
12 12
𝑀𝑥 − = −32.06𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑥 + = +32.06𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

4.2.7.2. Calculations of Distribution Factors (DF)

Considering that:
- Joints A and G are rigid, so that moments at these points are zero
- Joint B attaching span BA and span BC
- Joint C attaching span CB and span CD
- Joint D attaching span DC and span DE
- Joint E attaching span ED and span EF
- Joint F attaching span FE and span FG
 18

According to formulas for calculation of DF and K value below:

𝐾(𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒) 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
𝐷𝐹 = Σ𝐾(𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛, where K is relative stiffness

𝐼
𝐾 = 𝐿, where I= Moment of Inertia and L=Length of relevant span
𝐼 1
EI is taken as constant therefore I=1 and 𝐾 = 𝐿 = 𝐿 in the case of far end fixed

a) DF of span BA
𝐼 1
3.20 3.20 0.31 0.31
𝐷𝐹 = 𝐼
= = = = 0.369
+ 𝐼
3.20 1.90
1
+ 1
3.20 1.90
0.31 + 0.53 0.84

b) DF of span BC
1
1.90 0.53 0.53
𝐷𝐹 = 1
= = = 0.631
+ 1
1.90 3.20
0.53 + 0.31 0.84

c) DF of span CB
1
1.90 0.53 0.53
𝐷𝐹 = 1
= = = 0.624
+ 1
1.90 3.20
0.53 + 0.32 0.85

d) DF span CD
1
3.10 0.32 0.32
𝐷𝐹 = 1
= = = 0.376
+ 1
3.10 1.90
0.32 + 0.53 0.85

e) DF of span DC
1
3.10 0.32 0.32
𝐷𝐹 = 1
= = = 0.323
+ 1
3.10 1.50
0.32 + 0.67 0.99

f) DF of span DE
1
1.50 0.67 0.67
𝐷𝐹 = 1
= = = 0.677
+ 1
1.50 3.10
0.67 + 0.32 0.99

g) DF of span ED
1
1.50 0.67 0.67
𝐷𝐹 = 1
= = = 0.744
+ 1
1.50 4.40
0.67 + 0.23 0.90

h) DF of span EF
1
4.40 0.23 0.23
𝐷𝐹 = 1
= = = 0.256
+ 1
4.40 1.50
0.23 + 0.67 0.90
 19

i) DF of span FE
1
4.40 0.23 0.23
𝐷𝐹 = 1
= = = 0.442
+ 1
4.40 3.50
0.23 + 0.29 0.52

j) DF of span FG
1
3.50 0.29 0.23
𝐷𝐹 = 1
= = = 0.558
+ 1
3.50 4.40
0.29 + 0.23 0.52

4.2.7.3. Calculation of distribution moment or balanced moment (BM) and carryover

of moment (COM)
See on Moment Distribution Table below)
4.2.7.4. Calculation of Direct Shears (DIRV) and Auxiliary Shears (AUXV)
See on Moment Distribution Table below)
4.2.7.5. Calculation of TOT Moments (TOTM), Total Shears (TOTV) and Reactions at
Supports (RXNS)
See on Moment Distribution Table below)

4.2.7.6. Moment Distribution Table using balanced Method

A 3.20 m B 1.90 m C 3.10 m D 1.50 m E 4.40 m F 3.50 m G

SPAN AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
DF 1 0.369 0.631 0.624 0.376 0.323 0.677 0.744 0.256 0.442 0.558 1
FEM -12.00 +12.00 -8.99 +8.99 -9.32 +9.32 -1.83 +1.83 -21.88 +21.88 -32.06 +32.06
Bal #1 +12.00 -1.11 -1.90 +0.21 +0.12 -2.42 -5.07 +14.92 +5.13 +4.50 +5.68 -32.06
Com#1 0 +6.00 +0.11 -0.95 -1.21 +0.06 +7.46 -2.54 +2.25 +2.57 -16.03 0
Bal #2 -2.25 -3.86 +1.35 +0.81 -2.43 -5.09 +0.22 +0.07 +5.95 +7.51
Com#2 0 0 +0.68 -1.93 -1.22 +0.41 +0.11 -2.55 +2.98 ++0.04 0 0
Bal #3 0 -0.25 -0.43 +1.97 +1.18 -0.17 -0.35 -0.32 -0.11 -0.02 -0.02
Com#3 0 0 +0.99 -0.22 -0.09 +0.59 -0.16 -0.18 -0.01 -0.06 0 0
TOTM 0 +14.39 -13.40 +9.57 -9.57 +5.36 -4.93 +11.48 -11.48 +34.89 -34.89 0
DIRV= 22.50 28.38 28.38 18.04 18.04 14.62 14.62 28.93 28.93 54.97 54.97
22.50
4.50 2.02 1.36 1.36 4.37 5.32 5.32 9.97
AUXV= 4.50 2.02 4.37 9.97
TOTV 18.00 27.00 30.40 26.36 19.40 16.68 10.25 19.99 23.61 34.25 64.94 45.00

RXN’S

18.00 57.40 45.76 26.93 42.60 99.19 45.00

 20

4.2.8. Calculation of bending moments at midspan

𝑊𝐿12 14.06∗3.20∗3.20
a) 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = = = 18.00𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
𝑊𝐿22 29.87∗1.90∗1.90
b) 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = = = 13.48𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
𝑊𝐿32 11.64∗3.10∗3.10
c) 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = = = 13.98𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
𝑊𝐿42 9.75∗1.50∗1.50
d) 𝑀𝐷𝐸 = = = 2.74𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
𝑊𝐿52 13.56∗4.40∗4.40
e) 𝑀𝐸𝐹 = = = 32.82𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
𝑊𝐿62 31.44∗3.50∗3.50
f) 𝑀𝐹𝐺 = = = 48.15𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
8 8

4.2.9. Chart of shears forces

3.20m B 1.90m C 3.10m 1.50m E 4.40m 3.50m

A D F G
m
3.20 m 1.90 m 3.10 m 1.50 m 4.40 m 3.50 m
18.00KN 57.40KN 45.76KN 26.93KN 42.60KN 99.19KN 45.00KN
 21

4.2.10. Bending moments and shears forces diagrams

a) Shear forces diagram

b) Bending moment diagram

SUMMARY
Maximum hogging moment = Maximum moment at support = Mmax-=34.89KN.m
Maximum Sagging moment = Maximum moment at midspan = Mmax+ = 48.15KN.m
Maximum shear force = Vmax = 99.19 KN

4.2.11. Required steel reinforcement in the beam type

 Effective depth (ho) =50cm-3.00cm=47.00cm

a) Required steel at the top or support reinforcement

∝ 𝑚 = Mmax- 34.89 * 100

Rb *b * ho2 = 1.40 * 30 * 47 * 47 = 0.038

∝ 𝑚 = 0.038 ξ = 0.04 and η = 0.980

ξ = 0.03 < ξ R = 0.559 The T section is singly reinforced

Thus x = ξ * ℎ𝑜 = 0.03 * 47 < 29 cm = (ℎ𝑡 − ℎ𝑓) = 0.47 – 0.15
 22

Where ℎ𝑓 is the thickness of the flange of the 𝑇 section? For that the compression area is
reinforced, we have :
- -
As = Mmax 34.89 * 100
-
𝜂 * 𝑅𝑆 * ℎ𝑜 = 0.980 * 40 * 47 = 1.894 cm2 = 2 Ø12

Because of the minimum bar in the beam is Ø 12, we must take

Provide = 3 Ø 14 = 4.62cm2
b) Required steel at the bottom or mid span reinforcement
+
∝ 𝑚 = Mmax 48.15 * 100
𝑅𝑏 ∗ 𝑏𝑓 ∗ ℎ𝑜 2 1.40 * 160 * 47 * 47 = 0.010

∝ 𝑚 = 0.010 ξ = 0.01 and 𝜂 = 0.995

ξ = 0.01 < ξ R = 0.559 The T section is singly reinforced
Thus * = ξ * ℎ𝑜 = 0.01 * 47.00 < (ℎ𝑓 − ℎ𝑓 = 15 cm ) ; The compression area is
reinforced
As = 48.15 * 100
0.995 * 40 * 47 = 2.57 cm2
Provide 3 Ø 16 = 6.03 cm2

c) Design of stirrups or shear reinforcement

Vmax (Maximum shear force) = 99.19 KN
qsw = shear force carried by stirrups
qsw = (Vmax)2
4φ𝑏𝑓 ∗ 𝑅𝑏𝑡 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ ℎ𝑜2
Where φ𝑏𝑓 = 1.50

𝑅𝑏𝑡 = 0.09 KN/cm2

(99.19)2 9838.6561
𝑞𝑠𝑤 = = = 0.275𝐾𝑁/𝑐𝑚2
4 ∗ 1.50 ∗ 0.09 ∗ 30 ∗ 47 ∗ 47 35785.80
 Set us use stirrups of Ø 8 Asw = 50.3 mm2 = 0.503 cm2
Rsw = 0.8 * Rs = 0.8 * 40 KN / cm2 = 3.20 KN / cm2

 Distance between stirrups ( S)

S = Rsw * Asw x n, where n = number of legs for stirrup
qsw
S = 0.8 * 40 * KN/cm2 * 0.503 cm2 x 2 = 117.06 cm
0. 275 KN/Cm2

Note: The distance between stirrups must be lesser than the three following values
 23

1) Smax = 0.75 φbf * Rbt * b * ℎo2

Vmax
= 0.75 * 1.50 * 0.09 * 30 * (47)2 = 6709.84 = 67.65 cm
Vmax 99.19
2) The width of the beam web = bw =30 cm
3) 30 cm
Thus S = Min 67.65 cm; 30 cm; 30 cm = 30 cm provide : Ø 8 @30 cm

4.2.5. Arrangement of steel reinforcement in the beam type

a) Longitudinal section
Column Column A

≤ 5 cm
≤ 5 cm 30 cm, 30 cm, 30 cm ≤ 5 cm 30 cm 30 cm

Beam E-E

A
a) Cross section a- a

3 Ø 14 HR

8 Ø 30 (Stirrup)
15 cm

35 cm

2 Ø 12
(Construction bars)

3 Ø 16 HR

Note: In order to respect the homogeneity and architectural appearance, all the beam have to
maintain the same cross section like above one.
 24

3. DESIGN OF TIE BEAM (see RCDI)

Without doing calculation, the theory assumes that the cross section of the tie beam (plinth
beam) have to be in the following range.
𝐿 𝐿
a) ℎ = 15 ~ 10 where L=greatest span beam
b) 𝑏 ≥ 20𝑐𝑚 where b=width of the tie beam
c) 𝐴𝑠 =
1% 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒:
4.40 4.40
a) ℎ = 15 ~ 10 ≫ ℎ = 0.29𝑚~0.44𝑚
Taken h=0.30m
b) b≥20cm
Taken b=0.25
c) As=1%*25cm*30cm=7.5cm2 (minimum value)
As =7.50cm2 =5Ø14
Provide 6 Ø14=9.24cm2
SKECTH

Ø8@20cm 30cm

25cm
25cm
4.4. DESIGN OF THE LINTEL BEAM
Without calculation, the theory assumes that the cross section of the lintel beam have to be
in following range.
a) h>20cm
b) b=thickness of the wall maconery
c) As=1% of the cross section of the lintel beam.
Therefore, cross section characteristics are:
a) h=20cm
b) b=20cm
c) As=1%*20cm*20cm=4cm2
SKECTH
4Ø12
20cm

20cm
 25

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESING

Ref Calculation Output

4.3. COLUMN DESIGN ANALYSIS C21 (see on structural
plan)

Clear height of ground floor column = 300 cm (see

architectural plan)

End conditions

Condition at top
End of column is connected monolithically to beams on
either side and are at least as deep at the overall

BS 8110 Condition at bottom

Page 134 End of column is connected monolithically to beams or to
footing on either side and are at least as deep as the
overall
Dimension of the column (minimum cross section of
column Ab = 25 * 25 cm)
a= 250 mm b = 250 mm
𝛽 = 0.7 ( braced column)
H = Total height of column
Effective height of column = ℓo = 𝛽 * H
ℓo = 0.70 * 3.0m = 210 cm
λ ( slenderness ratio) = ℓo = 210 cm = 8.40≈ 8
a 25 cm
φ = 0.91 if λ = 8 ( page 25 on table of φ values in
RCD I)
Hence column is to be designed as short braced axially
loaded column ( short column )
Let us do design analysis of two internals columns type.
4.3.1. Design analysis of column C21
4.3.1.1. Loads on the column nº C21
4.40 3.20 3.20 3.50 3.50 1.70 1.70 4.40
a) Column loading area =( 2 ∗ 2 ) + ( 2 ∗ 2 ) + ( 2 ∗ 2 ) + ( 2 ∗ 2 ) = 9.68𝑚2
b) Slab (permanent load) =1.40*0.15m*24KN /m3 * 9.68m2 = 48.79 KN
c) Live load from the slab = 1.50 KN / m2 * 1.60 * 9.68 m2 *= 23.23 KN
d) Load from beam =1.40 * 0.30 * 0.375 * 6.40 * 24 =24.19 KN
Load from the wall maconery = 1.40*0.20*2.65*18=56KN
TOTAL=24.19KN+56KN=80.19KN (see the page 17)
e) On floor of column = 1.40 * 0.25 * 0.25 * 3.00 * 24 = 6.30 KN

f) Load from the light roof ≅ Permanent load from slab = 48.79KN = 24.40KN
2 2
 26

4.3.2. Ground floor part of the column

N1 = (48.79KN + 23.23KN + 80.19KN) * 1 + (6.30KN * 2) + 24.40KN
N1 =152.21KN + 12.60KN+ 24.40KN = 189.21KN

4.3.3. Required steel reinforcement

ℓo = 0.7 * 3.00 = 2.10

λ = 2.10 = 8.40 < 14.3 short column (see RCDI, page 46

0.25
If λ = 8.40 ≈ 8 φ = 0.91( see RCDI, Page 25)
N1 – Rb * Ab 189.21 KN – 1.40 * 625
1
φ 0.91
AS = =
RS 40

AS = 207.92– 875 = - 16.68cm2

40

Negative sign indicate that compression steel reinforcement is not required because AS < 0
Therefore the theory assumes that the minimum percentage of steel reinforcement must be
evaluated as follows:
Asmin = 0.004 Ab
Asmin = 0.004 * 25 * 25 = 2.5 cm2
Taken = 4Ø 12 = 3.14 cm2
But, because of the minimum diameter of bar in the column is assumed as Ø 12, we must
use 6 Ø12
Thus we arrange the same steel up to the top floor
 Smin = distance between stirrups = 1 / 4 * 12 mm = 3mm
 Smax = 12 * Ø max = 12 * 12 = 144 mm ~ 15 cm
 S= 300mm
Taken 15cm
 27

Ref Calculation Output

Taken S = 15 cm
Thus we use Ø 8 @ 15 cm
CROSS SECTION OF THE COLUMN C21
25 cm

8 @15cm
6 Ø 12

25 cm
 28

4.4. DESIGN OF PAD FOUNDATION footing nº1 (F1)

( Voir page 115 in B.S 8110)

4.4.1. Soil bearing capacity

We assume that PS = 200 KN /m2

4.4.2. Characteristic load transmitted to the foundation

NC = 48.79 + 23.23 + 8.19 * 1 + + 6.30 * 2
1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40
+ 24.40
1.40

NC = ( 34.85 + 14.52 +57.28) * 1+ 9.00 + 17.43

NC = 106 + 9.00 + 174.3
NC = 133.08 KN

4.4.3. Weight of the foundation

NC = 133.08KN = 13.31KN
10 10

4.4.4. Foundation base dimensions

Af = Area of footing = NC + NC / 10 = 133.08+ 13.31
PS 200
Af = 0.73m 2

af * bf = √0.73𝑐𝑚2 = 0.86m
af = bf = 0.86m Af = 90cm * 90cm = 0.81cm2
because of sismic zone, provide 1.20m*1.20m

4.4.5. Checking of the punching shear

 Condition of no punching shear:
Qf = Nf - ∆q ≤ Rbt * Ab
Where : Qf : Punching shear force
N1 = Nf = load transmitted by the column to the foundation
∆q = Balanced soil pressure
Ab = Average lateral area of the punching pyramid
Um : Average perimeter of the punching pyramid
Rbt = Concrete tensile design strength = (0,09 KN / cm2 )
P = pressure = Force = F = N1 = 189.21KN=
Area A Af 14400cm2
P = 0.013KN/ cm2
af = bf = sides of footing
ac = bc = dimensions of cross section of column
ℎ𝑜 = Effective depth of footing
 Let us take ℎ𝑓 = 30 cm ℎ𝑜 = ℎ𝑓 - 5 cm ( it is recommended to take
minimum value of ℎ𝑓 with respect the equilibrium of 𝑄𝑓 formula below)
ℎ𝑜 = 30 cm – 5 cm =25 cm
𝑈𝑚 = 2 (𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐 + 2 ℎ𝑜) = 2 (25 + 25 + 2 ∗ 25)
𝑈𝑚 = 200 cm
 29

𝐴𝑏 = 𝑈𝑚 ∗ ℎ𝑜 = 200 cm * 25cm = 5000 cm2

∆q = 𝑃( 𝑎𝑐 + 2 ℎ𝑜 )( 𝑏𝑐 + 2 ℎ𝑜)
∆q = 0.013 𝐾𝑁/𝑐𝑚2 ( 25 + 2 𝑥25) ( 25 + 2 * 25)
∆q = 0.013 ∗ 75 ∗ 75
∆q = 73.13 𝐾𝑁
Thus : 𝑄𝑓 = 𝑁𝑓 − ∆q ≤ 𝑅𝑏𝑡 ∗ 𝐴𝑏
=189.21 KN – 73.13 KN ≤ 0.9 * 5000
𝑄𝑓 = 116.08 𝐾𝑁 < 4500𝐾𝑁
The condition is satisfaction ; thus no punching shear

4.4.6. Required steel reinforcement for the foundation

𝑃∗ 𝑎𝑓 𝑏𝑓− 𝑏𝑐 2
𝑀𝑎𝑓 = 𝑀𝑏𝑓 = ( ) ( )
2 2
Where: 𝑀𝑎𝑓 : Bending moment about side 𝑎𝑓 of the
Footing
𝑀𝑏𝑓 : Bending moment about side bf of the footing
0,013 𝑥 120 120− 25 2
Thus : 𝑀𝑎𝑓 = 𝑀𝑏𝑓 =( )*( )
2 2
= 0.78 * 2256.25 = 1759.88KN.cm
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 1759.875 𝐾𝑁.𝑐𝑚
As = = = 1.96 cm2
0.9∗ 𝑅𝑠∗ ℎ𝑜 0.90∗ 40∗ 25
As = 1.96 cm2, because of sismic zone
Provide : 7 Ø 12/m provide Ø 12 @ 20 cm

 Cross section
af= 120cm

bf = 120cm Ø 12 @ 20 cm
 30

4.4.7. Steel Reinforcement Arrangement

Stirrup
Dowels
15

15
15
25
Lap length 15
15
15

25

30

7 Ø12
120 cm

4.3.2. Design analysis of column C43

4.3.2.1. Load Design analysis of column nºC43 at intersection of I-I and

2-2 axis on structural plan

a) Column loading are:

S1=0.60*1.60=0.96cm2
S2=1.60*1.35=2.16cm2
S3=1.35*1.46=1.97m2
S4=1.46*0.60=0.88m2
s/total =5.97m2
b) Slab (permanent load)=1.40*0.15*24KN/m3*5.97m2=30.09KN
c) Live load from the slab=1.50KN/m2*1.60*5.97m2=14.33KN
d) Load from beams=0.30m*(0.50-0.125)*5.01m*24KN/m3*140
=0.30*0.375m*5.01m*24KN/m3*1.40
= 18.94KN
e) Load from maconary wall=1.40*0.20m*3.95m*2.65m*18KN/m 3=52.76KN
f) One floor of column=1.40*0.25m*0.25m*3.00m*24Kn/m 3=6.30KN
g) Load from the light roof=permanent load from slab = 30.09KN =
15.05Kn 2 2
 31

4.3.2.2. Ground floor part of the column

N1=(30.09KN+14.33KN+52.76KN+18.94KN)+(6.30KN*2)+15.05KN
N1=116.12KN+12.60KN+15.05KN=143.77KN

4.3.2.3. Required steel reinforcement

Lo =07.*3.00=2.10m
2.10𝑚
𝜆= = 8.40 < 14.3 ⟹ 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
0.25𝑚
If 𝜆 ≈ 8.40 = 8 ⟹ 𝜑 = 0.91 (see RCDI, page 25)
𝑁1 143.77
−𝑅𝑏∗𝐴𝑏 −1.40∗625 157.99−875
𝜑 0.91
𝐴𝑠 = = = = −17.93cm2
𝑅𝑠 40 40

Negative sign indicates that compression steel reinforcement is not required because
AS<0.
Therefore the theory assumes that the minimum percentage of steel reinforcement
must be evaluated as follows.

Asmin=0.004*Ab
Asmin=0.004*25*25=2.5m2
Taken 6Ø12=6.79cm2
Thus, we arrange the same steel up to the top floor.

Smin=distance between stirrup=1/4*12mm=3mm

Simax=12*Ømax=12*12mm=144mm2≈15cm
S=300mm
We choose S=15cm and we use Ø8@15cm

Cross section of the column C43 is

6𝜙12 25

25
4.5. DESIGN OF PAD FOUNDATION FOOTING Nº2
4.5.1. Soil bearing capacity
we assume that Ps=200KN/m2

4.5.2. Characteristic local transmitted

𝟑𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟑 𝟕𝟏. 𝟕𝟎 𝟔. 𝟑𝟎 ∗ 𝟐 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟓
𝑵𝑪 = ( + + )∗𝟏+ +
𝟏. 𝟒𝟎 𝟏. 𝟔𝟎 𝟏. 𝟒𝟎 𝟏. 𝟒𝟎 𝟏. 𝟒𝟎
NC=21.49+8.96+51.21+9+10.75
NC=101.41KN
 32

4.5.3. Weight of the foundation

𝑁𝑐
𝑁𝑐 + 10 101.41 + 10.14
𝐴𝑓 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = =
𝑃𝑠 200
111.55
𝐴𝑓 = 200 = 0.56𝑐𝑚2
⟹ 𝑎𝑓 ∗ 𝑏𝑓 = √0.56 = 0.75𝑚, taken:1.00m * 1.00m
⟹ 𝑎𝑓 = 𝑏𝑓 = 1.00𝑚

4.5.4. Checking of the punching shear

Condition of no punching shear
𝑄𝑓 = ∆𝑞 ≤ 𝑅𝑏𝑡 ∗ 𝐴𝑏
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑄𝑓 = 𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑁1 = 𝑁𝑓 = 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
∆= 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
Ab= Average lateral area of the punching pyramid
Um=Average perimeter of the punching pyramid
Rbt=Concrete tensile design strength=0.09KN/cm2
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹 𝑁1 143.77𝐾𝑁
P=Pressure on the soil= 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑓 = 10000𝑐𝑚2
P=0.014KN/cm2

𝑎𝑓 = 𝑏𝑓 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐 = 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
ℎ𝑜 = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔

Let us take ℎ𝑓 = 25𝑐𝑚 = ℎ𝑜 = ℎ𝑓 − 5𝑐𝑚

ℎ𝑜 = 25𝑐𝑚 − 5𝑐𝑚 = 20𝑐𝑚
Um=2(ac+bc+2ho)=2(25+25+2*20)
Um=180cm
Ab=Um*ho=180cm*20cm=3600cm2
Δ𝑞 = 𝑃(𝑎𝑐 + 2ℎ𝑜)(𝑏𝑐 + 2ℎ𝑜)
0.14𝐾𝑁
Δ𝑞 = ∗ (25 + 2 ∗ 20)(25 + 2 ∗ 20)
𝑐𝑚2
Δ𝑞 = 0.014 ∗ 65 ∗ 65 = 59.15𝐾𝑁

Thus 𝑄𝑓 = 𝑁𝑓 − Δ𝑞 ≤ 𝑅𝑏𝑡 ∗ 𝐴𝑏 = 143.77𝐾𝑛 − 59.15𝐾𝑁 ≤ 0.9 ∗ 3600𝑐𝑚2

𝑄𝑓 = 84.62𝐾𝑁 < 3240𝐾𝑁
The condition is satisfaction; therefore no punching shear

4.5.4. Required steel reinforcement for the foundation

𝑃 ∗ 𝑎𝑓 𝑏𝑓 − 𝑏𝑐 2
𝑀𝑐𝑓 = 𝑀𝑏𝑓 = ( )( )
2 2
Where 𝑀𝑎𝑓=Bending moment about side 𝑎𝑓of the footing
𝑀𝑏𝑓=Bending moment about side 𝑏𝑓of the footing

0.014∗100 100−25 2
Thus:𝑀𝑎𝑓 = 𝑀𝑏𝑓 = ( )( ) = 0.70 ∗ 1406.25 = 984.375𝐾𝑛. 𝑐𝑚
2 2
 33

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 984.375𝐾𝑁. 𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = = = 1.37𝑐𝑚2
0.9 ∗ 𝑅𝑠 ∗ ℎ𝑜 0.90 ∗ 40 ∗ 20

Because of sismic zone, we provide 6Ø12/m

 Cross section

Ø12@20cm

𝑏𝑓 = 100𝑐𝑚 100cm

Af=100cm

4.5.5. Steel reinforcement arrangement

 34

Ref Calculation Output

4.6.DESIGN OF STAIR CASE (Reinforced
concrete)
Durability and fire resistance
Nominal cover for very moderate condition of exposure
BS8110
= 25mm
Provide
Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance =20mm
nominal
Since 25>20,provide nominal cover =25mm
Cover=2
Therefore durability and fire resistance are satisfactory
5mm

Preliminary sizing of staircase members

Height from ground floor slab to first floor
R=180m
slab=3000mm
m
Height from ground floor to landing=3000/2=1500mm
G=300m
m

a) Plan view

1.00

340

4.40
2.40

1.00

1.00 1.00

2.00
 35
b) Static calculation chart

Vertical cross section

1.50 m = H/2

=32º00’
L = 2.40m

1.00m 1.00m
L = 4.10m
P
C P1c c) Horizontal equivalent slab P1

2.40 1.00
1.00

L = 4.40m

4.6.1 Calculation of load P

- Tg∝ = H/2 = 150cm = 0.625 ∝ = 32º 00’

L 240cm
- Thickness of horizontal equivalent slab

ℎ= dℓ + 2 𝐻 1 = 18 + 2 * 18.75 = 41.30cm

Cos∝ 3 0.625 3

Where dl = thickness of slab of stair case and h = waist of slab of stair case

- Self load = 1.40 * 0.413m *1m * 24KN/m3 = 13.88 KN/m

- Finishes = 1.40 * 1.50 = 2.10 KN /m

- Live load = 1.60 * 3KN/m2*1m = 4.80KN/m
 36

 Calculation of load P = 13.88 + 2.10 + 4.8 = 20.78KN /m

P = 20.78KN/m
P1 = 12.95KN/m

P 1= 12.95KN/m

4.6.2. Calculation of load P1

 Self weight = 1.40 * 0.18m* 1m* 24KN/m3 = 6.05 KN/m

 Finishes = 1.40 * 1.50 = 2.1 KN/m
 Live load = 1.60 * 3 = 4.80KN/m
Total load P1 = 6.05KN/m + 2.10KN/m + 4.80KN/m = 12.95KN/m

4.6.3 Calculation of Maximum Bending moment for beam P1 as simply supported, we

have to consider two cases

P1 = 12.95 KN/m

L = 4.40M

a) Mmax 1 = P1L2 = 12.95 * 4.40 * 4.40 = 31.34 KN.m

8 8

7.5.1. 4.Calculation of Maximum Bending moment for middle beam without

considering bending landing

P2 = 20.78KN/m – 12.95KN/m = 7.83KN/m

A 2.40 B

1.00 L/2 L/2 1.00

L= 4.40 m
 37

* RA = RB = PL = .7.83*2.40 = 9.40KN
2 2
MX

RA

MX – 9.40 X = 0 MX = 9.40X in the range (0 ≤ X ≤ 1.00)

MX

RA = 9.40 KN

Mx – RA * X + P2 ( X – 1.00)2
2
Mx = RA * X - P2 (x – 1.00)2 in the range ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 3.10)
2
Mx = 9.40 x – 7.83 ( x – 1.00)2
2
We know that d Mx = Tx ( Shear force) = 9.40 – 7.83 ( x – 1.00)
dx
= 9.40 – 7.83x 7.83
Tx = 17.23 – 7.83x -7.83x+17.23=0
x = 17.23 = 2.20m
-7.83

b) Mmax2 = RA * x – P2 ( x – 1.00)2 = 9.40* 2.20 – 7.83 * ( 2.20 -1.00)2

2 2
Mmax2= 20.68 – 7.83 * 0.36
Mmax2= 20.68 – 2.82 = 17.86KN.m

4.6.4 calculation of Mmax

Mmax = Mmax 1 + Mmax2
Mamx = 31.34KN.m + 17.86KN.m
Mmax = 49.20 KN.m
 38

4.6.5. Calculation of steel reinforcement in the stairs

Ho = h -2.5cm = 41.30m – 2.50m = 38.80m

∝m= Total Mmax = 49.20 *100 = 0.023

Rb * b x h2o 1.40 *100* 38.80 * 38.80

From the table of coefficients related to the design of members subjected to bending
moment
∝m = 0.023 n = 0.990

Main steel reinforcement

.
AsM = Total Mmax = 49.20 * 100 = 3.20cm2/m = 3 Ø 12
η * ho * Rs 0.990 * 38.80 * 40

Because of we have to use at least 5 Φ 12/ m in the slab, therefore we take the minimum
Provide 1 Φ12 @ 20cm as main steel reinforcement, it means 1 Ø14@20cm
Distribution steel reinforcement

AsD = AsM * ⅕ = 5.65 cm2 * ⅕ = 1.13 cm2

For the same reason, we choose the minimum such as 5 Φ 12 = 5. 65 cm2, thus,

Provide 1Φ12 @ 20cm as distribution steel reinforcement

 39

4.6.6. Steel reinforcement arrangement in the stairs

R=18cm

T=30 cm 5ø12

5ø14

5ø12
100 mm 240 mm 100 mm

R=Rise=18.75cm

T=Tread=30cm

W=Waist slab=41.30cm

Dl=Thickness of slab=18cm

Design by: Eng. Augustin NDIMUTO