1.

Aplicar el Método de Taylor de orden dos a la ecuación y´ = Cos(xy),

con la condición inicial:
y(0) = 1 y usando h = 0.24.
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦)
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎
𝒚𝟎 = 𝟏
ℎ2
𝑦𝑘+1 = 𝑦𝑘 + 𝑦´𝑘 ℎ + 𝑦´´ 2! , 𝑘 = 0,1

Luego

𝑦´´ = (𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦))´ = −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑦). 𝑦´ = −𝑦´𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑦)

Entonces
𝑦´´ = − cos(𝑥𝑦) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑦)
Así reemplazando en 1
ℎ2
𝑦𝑘+1 = 𝑦𝑘 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑘 𝑦𝑘 )ℎ + (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑘 𝑦𝑘 )(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑘 𝑦𝑘 ) 2!

ℎ2
𝑦𝑘+1 = 𝑦𝑘 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑘 𝑦𝑘 )ℎ − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑘 𝑦𝑘 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑘 𝑦𝑘 ∗
2!
Reemplazando para k=0

ℎ2
𝑦1 = 𝑦0 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥0 𝑦0 )ℎ − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥0 𝑦0 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥0 𝑦0 ∗
2
(0,24)2
𝑦1 = 1 + (cos(0) (1))(0,24) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0)(1) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(0)(1) ∗
2
𝑦1 = 1 + 0,24 − 0 𝑥1 = 𝑥0 + ℎ
𝒚𝟏 = 𝟏, 𝟐𝟒 𝒙𝟏 = 0 + 0,24 = 𝟎, 𝟐𝟒

Reemplazando para k=1

ℎ2
𝑦2 = 𝑦1 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥1 𝑦1 )ℎ − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥1 𝑦1 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥1 𝑦1 ∗
2
0,242
𝑦2 = 1,24 + (cos(0,24)(1,24))(0,24) − cos(0,24)(1,24) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(0,24)(1,24) ∗
2
𝑦2 = 1,24 + (0,95)(0,24) − (0,95)(0,29)(0,0288)
𝑦2 = 1,468 − 7,93𝑥10−3 𝑥2 = 𝑥1 + ℎ
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟔 𝒙𝟐 = 0,24 + 0,24 = 𝟎, 𝟒𝟖

2. Solucionar el siguiente problema de valor inicial utilizando el Método

𝑑𝑦
de Runge-Kutta de orden 2. 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 0,9)(𝑦 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 2,005𝑥),
con:
y(0) = 3 y usando h = 0.44.
solución
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑘2 ℎ
𝑘1 = 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 )
1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 + ℎ + 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑘1 ℎ)
2 2
Primer iteración
𝑘1 = 𝑓(𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) = 𝑓 = (0,3)
𝑘1 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 0,9)(𝑦 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 2,005𝑥)
𝑘1 = 𝑓(0 + 0,9)(3 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛(02 + 2,005(0))
𝑘1 = 0

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓 (𝑥0 + ℎ + 𝑦0 + 𝑘1 ℎ)
2 2
1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓 (0 + (0,44) + 3 + (0)(0,44))
2 2
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.22,3)
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0,22 + 0,9)(3 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛((0,22)2 + 2,005(0,22))
𝑘2 = (1,12)(4,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛(0,4895)
𝑘2 = (1,12)(4,08)(0,4701)
𝑘2 = 2,1481
𝑦1 = 3 + (2,1481)(0,44)
𝑦1 = 3,9451

Segunda iteracción
𝑥1 = 𝑥0 + ℎ
𝑥1 = 0 + 0,44
𝑥1 = 0,44
𝑘1 = 𝑓(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = 𝑓 = (0.44,3.9451)
𝑘1 = 𝑓(0.44 + 0,9)(3.9451 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛((0.44)2 + 2,005(0.44))
𝑘1 = (1.34)(5.0251)(0.8799)
𝑘1 = 5.9249

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.44 + (0.44) + (3.9451 + (5.9249)(0.44))
2 2
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.66 + 5.248578)
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.66 + 0,9)(5.248578 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛((0.66)2 + 2,005(0.66))
𝑘2 = (1.56)(6.328578)(0.982360)
𝑘2 = 9.698429
𝑦2 = 3.9451 + 9.698429(0.44)
𝑦2 = 8.212408

Tercera iteracción
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 + ℎ
𝑥2 = 0,44 + 0,44
𝑥2 = 0,88
𝑘1 = 𝑓(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = 𝑓 = (0.88, 8.212408)
𝑘1 = 𝑓(0.88 + 0,9)(8.212408 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛((0.88)2 + 2,005(0.88))
𝑘1 = (1.78)(9.292408)(0.566945)
𝑘1 = 9.377545

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓 (𝑥2 + ℎ + 𝑦2 + 𝑘1 ℎ)
2 2
1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.88 + (0.44) + (8.212408 + (9.377545)(0.44))
2 2
𝑘2 = 𝑓(1.1 + 10.275467)
𝑘2 = (1.1 + 0,9)(10.275467 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛((1.1)2 + 2,005(1.1))
𝑘2 = (2)(11.355467)(−0.270495)
𝑘2 = −6.143194

𝑦3 = 8.212408 + (−6.143194)(0.44)
𝑦3 = 5.509402

𝑥3 = 𝑥2 + ℎ
𝑥3 = 0,88 + 0,44
𝑥3 = 1.32

Cuarta iteracción
𝑘1 = 𝑓(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) = 𝑓 = (1.32, 5.509402)
𝑘1 = 𝑓(1.32 + 0,9)(5.509402 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛((1.32)2 + 2,005(1.32))
𝑘1 = (2.22)(6.589402)(−0.948163)
𝑘1 = −13,870176

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓 (𝑥3 + ℎ + 𝑦3 + 𝑘1 ℎ)
2 2
1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(1.32 + (0.44) + (5.509402 + (−13,870176)(0.44))
2 2
𝑘2 = 𝑓(1.54 + 2.457963)
𝑘2 = (1.54 + 0,9)(2.457963 + 1,08)𝑠𝑒𝑛((1.54)2 + 2,005(1.54))
𝑘2 = (2.44)(3.537963)(−0.733790)
𝑘2 = −6.334537

𝑦4 = 5.509402 + (−6.3345374)(0.44)
𝑦4 = 2.722205

𝑥4 = 𝑥3 + ℎ
𝑥3 = 1.32 + 0,44
𝑥3 = 1.76

Vectores solución

X 0 0.44 0.88 1.32 1.76

Y 3 3.9451 8.212408 5.509402 2.722205