+1000 = - Thermal conductivity 1004. on < & = 2 104 3 2 81 5 For Metals Coramics and glasses Figure 4.1 A bar-chart showing thermal conductivity for families of solid. Each bar shows the range of conductivity offered by a material. some of which are labeled. 1000 100 10 Young's modulus, E (GPa) 04 0.01 Elastomers 1 10 Density (Mg/m3) Figure 4.2 The idea of a materials property chart: Young's modulus, E, is plotted against the density, 1p. on log scales. Each class of material oceupies a characteristic part of the chart. The log scales allow the longitudinal elastic wave speed v= (EJ)! to be plotted as a set of parallel contours.Table 4.1 Material families and classes Family Classes Short name Metals Aluminum alloys Al alloys (the metals and alloys Copper alloys Cu alloys of engineering) Lead alloys Lead alloys Magnesium alloys Mg alloys Nickel alloys Ni alloys Carbon steels Steels Stainless steels Stainless steels Tin alloys Tin alloys Titanium alloys Ti alloys Tungsten alloys Walloys Lead alloys Pb alloys Zine alloys Zn alloys Ceramics Alumina ALO; Technical ceramics Aluminum nitride AIN (fine ceramics capable Boron carbide B,C of load-bearing application) _Silicon Carbide Sic Silicon Nitride SisNq Tungsten carbide we Non-technical ceramics Brick Brick (porous ceramics of Conerete Conerete construction) Stone Stone Glasses Soda-lime glass Borosilicate glass glass Silica glass Glass ceramic Glass ceramic Polymers Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ABS. (the thermoplastics and Cellulose polymers CA thermosets of engineering) lonomers lonomers Epoxies Epoxy Phenolics Phenolics Polyamides (nylons) PA Polycarbonate PC Polyesters Polyester Polyetheretherkeytone PEEK Polyethylene PE Polyethylene terephalate PET or PETE Polymethylmethacrylate PMMA Polyoxymethylene (Acetal) POM Polypropylene PP Polystyrene Ps. Polytetrafluorethylene PTFE Polyvinylchloride PvcTable 4.1 (Continued) Family Classes Short name Elastomers Butyl rubber Butyl rubber (engineering rubbers, EVA EVA ratural and synthetic) Isoprene Isoprene Natural rubber ‘Natural rubber Polychloroprene (Neoprene) Neoprene Polyurethane PU Silicone elastomers Silicones Hybrids Carbon-fiber reinforced polymers CFRP ‘Composites Glass-fiber reinforced polymers GFRP SiC reinforced aluminum ALSIC Foams Flexible polymer foams Flexible foams Rigid polymer foams Rigid foams Natural materials Cork Cork Bamboo Bamboo Wood Wood oa Young's modulus - Density 1 100 o a 2. i 10 3 = 31 2 & o Piot 5 2 = 402 108 104 1 10 Density, p (Mim) Figure 4.3 Young’s modulus, E, plotted against density, p. The heavy envelopes enclose data for a given class of material. The diagonal contours show the longitudinal wave velocity. ‘The guidelines of constant Elp, E'/p and E"/p allow selection of materials for minimum weight, deflectionelimited, design.