2016

Preguntas de repaso
2da. Unidad
Geología General

Ing. Carmen Román Arce

Universidad Privada de Tacna
19-5-2016
 Carmen Román Arce
Ingeniero Geólogo - Geotécnico

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RESPONDA LAS SIGUIENTES
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PREGUNTAS
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Mineral ________________________________________________________

1. Defina el término roca ________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________ 6. Las definiciones siguientes están relacionadas con

________________________________________________________ términos que describen las texturas de las rocas

________________________________________________________ ígneas. Para cada una de ellas, identifique el

2. Explique la diferencia entre el término silicio y término apropiado.

silicato a) Aperturas producidas por los gases que

________________________________________________________ escapan_______________________________________________

________________________________________________________ b) La obsidiana tiene esta textura_____________________

________________________________________________________ c) Una matriz de cristales finos que rodea a los

________________________________________________________ fenocristales__________________________________________

d) Los cristales son demasiado pequeños para verse a

Roca ígnea simple vista____________________________________________

3. ¿Qué es un magma? e) Una textura caracterizada por dos tamaños de

________________________________________________________ cristales claramente diferentes________________________

________________________________________________________ f) Grano grueso con cristales de tamaños

________________________________________________________ aproximadamente iguales____________________________

________________________________________________________ g) Cristales excepcionalmente grandes que superan 1

centímetro de diámetro_______________________________

4. ¿Cómo influye la velocidad de enfriamiento en el 7. ¿En qué se diferencian el granito y la riolita? ¿En

proceso de cristalización? qué se parecen?

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5. Además de la velocidad de enfriamiento, ¿qué 8. Compare y contraste cada uno de los siguientes

otros dos factores influyen en el proceso de pares de rocas:

cristalización? 8.1. Granito y Diorita

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 Carmen Román Arce
Ingeniero Geólogo - Geotécnico

________________________________________________________ 11. ¿Cuál de los factores formadores del suelo es más

________________________________________________________ importante? Explíquelo.

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8.2. Basalto y Gabro ________________________________________________________

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8.3. Andesita y Riolita ________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________ 12. Explique los tipos de meteorización física o

________________________________________________________ mecánica

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Suelo y Meteorización ________________________________________________________

9. Un granito y un basalto están expuestos ________________________________________________________

superficialmente a una región cálida y húmeda: ________________________________________________________

a) ¿Qué tipo de meteorización predominará? ________________________________________________________

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b) ¿Cuál de estas rocas se meteorizará más ________________________________________________________

deprisa? ¿Por qué? ________________________________________________________

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10. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el suelo y el regolito? ________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________ 13. Explique los tipos de meteorización biológica

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2

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14. Explique los tipos de meteorización química
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15. Explique los horizontes del suelo
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Carmen Román Arce
Ingeniero Geólogo - Geotécnico
________________________________________________________
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Roca Sedimentaria
16. Enumere tres cementos comunes para las rocas
sedimentarias. ¿Cómo puede identificarse cada
uno?
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17. ¿Cómo están relacionados el grado de selección y
la redondez con el transporte de los granos de
arena?
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18. Tipos de rocas sedimentarias. Explique cada uno
de ellos y de un ejemplo.
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19. Explique el proceso de formación de una roca
sedimentaria detrítica
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20. Explique el proceso de formación de una roca
sedimentaria orgánica
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21. ¿Cómo se clasifica los sedimentos?
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Carmen Román Arce
Ingeniero Geólogo - Geotécnico
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Roca Metamórfica
22. ¿Qué es metamorfismo? ¿Cuáles son los agentes
que transforman las rocas?
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23. ¿Por qué se considera el calor el agente más
importante del metamorfismo?
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24. Distinga entre el metamorfismo de contacto y el
metamorfismo regional. ¿Cuál crea la mayor
cantidad de rocas metamórficas?
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25. Explique ¿cuáles son los minerales indicadores?
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26. Explique los tipos de metamorfismos y de un
ejemplo de cada una.
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Carmen Román Arce
Ingeniero Geólogo - Geotécnico
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Defina los siguientes términos
Mineral
1.1. Brillo de mineral
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1.2. Dureza del mineral
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1.3. Color del mineral
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1.4. Mineral
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Roca Ígnea
1.5. Cristalización
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1.6. Extrusivo
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1.7. Félsico
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1.8. Fenocristal
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1.9. Roca ígnea
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1.10. Lava
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1.11. Textura
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1.12. Volcánico
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1.13. Fusión parcial
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Suelo y Meteorización
1.14. Erosión
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1.15. Suelo
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1.16. Regolito
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1.17. Humus
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Carmen Román Arce
Ingeniero Geólogo - Geotécnico
1.18. Horizonte
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1.19. Lajeamiento
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1.20. Meteorización
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Roca sedimentaria
1.21. Compactación
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1.22. Diagénesis
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1.23. Evaporita
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1.24. Sedimento
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1.25. Cementación
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1.26. Evaporita
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 Carmen Román Arce
Ingeniero Geólogo - Geotécnico

Roca Metamórfica
1.27. Metamorfismo
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1.28. Aureola de contacto

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1.29. Bandeado gnéisico

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1.30. Textura
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1.31. Foliación
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