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Formulario

Otoño, 2001

mZ 2 e4
   
Ley Stefan: 1 1 1 1 1
νn,m = − 2 , = Z 2R − 2
Z ∞
2h~2 m 2 n λ m 2 n
c
RT = σT 4 = ρT = ρT (ν)dν 2π 2 me4
4 0 Rydberg R = = 109677, 576cm−1
ch3
Ley Plank:
Franck-Hertz: Hg 4, 9eV, λ = 2536Å
8πν 2 hν 8πhc 1
ρT (ν) = , ρT (λ) =
c3 e
hν
kT −1
hc
λ e kλT − 1 Moseley (r. X):
 
Fotoeléctrico: 1 2 1 1
= R(Z − 1) 2
− 2
λKα 1 2
h φ
T = hν − φ → ν0 = φ/h , corte V0 = ν −
e e Sommerfeld:
Compton:
µe4 ~ = l~
E= , Lz = m~ , |L|
h 2~n2
λ0 = λ + (1 − cos θ)
mc
h E ~ ~
(hc/λ)2

h

θ λ= , ν= , ∆E∆t ≥ , ∆x∆p ≥
K= , cotg ϕ = 1 + tg p h 2 2
hc mc2 mλc 2
λ + 1−cos θ
Ecuación de Schödinger
Rutherford:
∂ψ(x, t) ~2 ∂ 2 ψ(x, t)
β KqQ i~ =− + V (x)ψ(x, t)
tg = , dn = N b db dϕ = N σ(β)dΩ ∂t 2m ∂x2
2 2bE
~2 d2 X(x)
Secc. eff.: − +V (x)X(x) = EX(x) , ψ(x, t) = X(x)e−iE/~t
 2 2µ dx2
KqQ
σ(β) = sin−4 (β/2) ∂ p2 ~2 ∂ 2
4E p → −i~ , E= +V →− +V
∂x 2µ 2µ ∂x2
r
qQ KqQ m β ∂
Z
L = mbv0 , rmı́n =K b= cotg E → i~ , hEi = ψ ∗ (x, t)Eψ(x, t)dx
E 2E µ 2 ∂t
Bohr: X
L2 (n~)2 n2 a0 hE l i = |an |2 Enl , ∆E 2 = hE 2 i − hEi2
r= = = ,
µZe2 mZe2 Z
Pozo infinito (0, a) :
a0 = ~2 /me2 = 0,529 Å
µZ 2 e4 2 E1 me4 h2 n2 p nπx
En = − = Z , E1 = − = −13,6 En = 2
, ϕn (x) = 2/a sin
2n2 ~2 n2 2~2 8µa a

1
(−l, l) : Dispersión en un pozo

~2 n2 π 2 nπ 2µ 2µ
k 02 = (V0 − E) , k 2 = 2 E
p
En = 2
, ϕn (x) = 1/l sin (x + l) ~ 2 ~
8µl 2l
 2
F  4k 2 k 02
Pozo V0 (−a/2, a/2) : k 2 = 2µ E , α2 = T =   = 2
~2 A (k − k 02 ) sin2 ka + 4k 2 k 02
2µ
~2
(V0 − E)  2
Pares
B  (k 2 − k 02 ) sin2 ka
R =   = 1 − T = 2
p A (k − k 02 ) sin2 ka + 4k 2 k 02
ka α 2/a
tg = , A= q Barrera de potencial V0 (−a/2, a/2) :
2 k 1 + sin ka + 2 cos2 ka
ka αa 2
2µ 2µ
 β 2 = −k 02 = (V0 − E) , k 2 = E
A cos k|x| si |x| ≤ a/2 ~ ~
X(|x|) = ka −α|x−a/2|
A cos 2 e si |x| ≥ a/2
4k 2 β 2
Impares (E ≤ V0 ) T = , R = 1−T
(k 2 + β 2 )2 sinh2 βa + 4β 2 k 2
4k 2 k 02
p
ka k 2/a (E ≥ V0 ) T = , R = 1−T
tg =− , C= q (k 2 − k 02 )2 sin2 k 0 a + 4k 02 k 2
2 α 1− sin ka
+ 2
sin2 ka
ka αa 2
 2 
~ 2 ~

C sin k|x| si |x| ≤ a/2 − ∇ + V (~r) X(~r) = EX(~r) , p~ → −i~∇
 2µ
X(x) = C sin ka −α(x−a/2) si |x| ≥ a/2
2 e  
∂ ∂
−X(−x) si x < 0

Lx = i~ sin ϕ − cotg θ cos ϕ
r ∂θ ∂ϕ
µV0 a2 2~2 2 θ 2
 
ka 
∂ ∂

θ= , θ0 = , V0 = θ , E = V 0 Ly = i~ − cos ϕ
2 2~2 µa2 0 θ0 ∂θ
+ cotg θ sin ϕ
∂ϕ
s 
θ0 2 ∂ 1 ∂2 1 L2
p) tg θ = −1 , Lz = −i~ , ∇2 = 2 2 r − 2 2
θ ∂ϕ r ∂r r ~
1 ∂2
   
s 
2 2 1 ∂ ∂
θ0 L = −~ sin θ +
imp) cotg θ = − −1 sin2 θ ∂θ ∂θ sin2 θ ∂θ2
θ p
L± = Lx ±iLy , L± Yl,m = l(l + 1) − m(m ± 1)~Yl,m±1
Oscilador armónico V (x) = 12 kx2 = 12 µω 2 x2 Armónicos esféricos y Legendre
r  
2µω 1
s
α= , En = n+ ~ω 2l + 1 (l − m)! m
~ 2 Ylm (θ, ϕ) = P (cos θ)eimϕ
4π (l + m)! l
√ !−1/2  
2π n − 14 ξ 2 ξ (−1)m 2 m/2 d
l+m
Xn (x) = 2 n! e Hn √ , Plm (z) = (1 − z ) (z 2 − 1)l
α 2 2l l! dz l+m
ξ = αx Cuantización

Hermite: L2 Y = l(l + 1)~2 Y , Lz Y = m~Y , |m| ≤ l

dn −z 2
 2 2
l(l + 1)~2

Hn (z) = (−1)n ez
2
e ~ d
dz n − + V (r) + Rnl (r) = En Rnl (r)
2µ dr2 2µr2

2
Átomos con un electrón (l = 0, 1, . . . n − 1)

R(r) ~ µZ 2 e4 1
X(x) = Y (θ, ϕ) , a = , E = −
r µZe2 2~2 n2
 2 
d l(l + 1) 2 1
− + − R(r) = 0 , ξ = r/a
dξ 2 ξ2 ξ λ2
s
 2l+3  
(n − l − 1)! 2 l+1 2l+1 2ξ
Rnl (r) = ξ Ln+l e−ξ/n
2na[(n + l)!]3 n n
Laguerre
dq dp p −z
Lqp (z) = Lp (z) Lp (x) = ez (z e )
dz q dz p

h = 6, 626 × 10−34 Js = 4,136 × 10−15 eVs

~ = 1, 055 × 10−34 Js = 6, 582 × 10−16 eVs
1 e2
|E1 | = [4π0 ] 2a
= 13, 61eV
2
a0 = [4π0 ] m~e e2 = 0,529 Å
λC = mhe c = 0, 0243 Å
me c2 = 0,511MeV , mp = 1836me