CU2+ Cr3+ Fe3+

pH pCu pH pCr pH pFe

0 -9.41 0 -11 0 -3.4
8 6.59 3.8 0.4 3 5.6
14 12.59 5.9 4.6 3.3 6.2
14 12.7 14 16.9

Al3+ Ni2+ Ag+

pH pAl pH pNi pH pAg
0 -9.66 0 -13.3 0 -6.29
5.675 7.365 9.4 5.5 11.7 5.41
14 -0.96 14 10.1 12.7 5.41
12.8 5.31
14 2.91
 16.9

pH VS pM
15

12.7
12.59

10.1
10
Cu2+
CuOH
Cr3+
7.365
CrOH
6.59 CrOH2
6.2
5.6 Fe 3+
5.5
pM

5.41 5.41
5.31 FeOH
5 4.6 FeOH2
Ni 2+
Ni OH
Ag+
AgOH
Ag(OH)2
Ag(OH)3
0.4 Al 3+
Al (OH)4
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 -0.96
14

-3.4

-5

pH
 pH vs pM
15

10.1
10

7.365

5.5 5.41 5.41

pM

5.31
5

2.91

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 -0.96
14

-5

pH