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f ( x ) = xn ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = n ⋅ x n −1 (f + g )′ ( x ) = f ′ ( x ) + g ′ ( x )
1
f ( x ) = ln x ⇒ f ′( x) = Derivada de un producto de funciones :
x
f ( x ) = ex ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = ex ( f ⋅ g )′ ( x ) = f ′ ( x ) ⋅ g ( x ) + f ( x ) ⋅ g ′ ( x )
f ( x ) = sen x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = cos x
Derivada de un cociente de funciones :
f ( x ) = cos x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = − sen x
f ′ f ′ ( x ) ⋅ g ( x ) − f ( x ) ⋅ g′ ( x )
g ( x) =
g ( x )
2
1
f ( x ) = tg x ⇒ f ′( x) = = 1 + tg 2 x
cos 2 x Derivada de una composición de funciones :
(f g )′ ( x ) = f ′ ( g ( x ) ) ⋅ g ′ ( x )
f −1 ( x ) es la función inversa de f ( x ) ⇔ (f −1
f ) ( x) = ( f f −1 ) ( x ) = x
(f f −1 ) : x → f −1 ( x ) = y → f ( y) = x
−1
f f
(f f −1 )′ ( x ) = 1 ⇒ f ′ ( f −1 ( x ) ) ⋅ ( f −1 )′ ( x ) = 1 ⇒ f ′ ( y ) ⋅ ( f −1 )′ ( x ) = 1 ⇒ ( f )′ ( x ) = f ′1( y )
−1
Ejemplos :
La función f −1 ( x ) = arctg ( x ) es inversa de la función f ( x ) = tg ( x )
tenemos las funciones y = arctg ( x ) , x = tg ( y ) ⇒ x
arctg
→ arctg ( x ) = y
tg
→ tg ( y ) = x
( f )′ ( x ) = f ′1( y )
−1
⇒ y′ =
1
′
=
1
=
1
=
1
x ( tg y )′ 1 + tg y 1 + x 2
2
⇒ Si y = arctg ( x ) , y ′ =
1
1 + x2
( f )′ ( x ) = f ′1( y )
−1
⇒ y′ =
1
=
1
=
1
x′ ( sen y )′ cos y
=
1
=
1
⇒ Si y = arcsen ( x ) , y ′ =
1
1 − sen y
2
1 − x2 1 − x2
g( x) f ′( x)
y = f ( x ) ⇒ ln y = g ( x ) ⋅ ln f ( x )
derivando en ambos lados de la igualdad
→ ( ln y )′ = g ′ ( x ) ⋅ ln f ( x ) + g ( x ) ⋅
f ( x)
y′ f ′( x) f ′( x)
= g ′ ( x ) ⋅ ln f ( x ) + g ( x ) ⋅ ⇒ y ′ = g ′ ( x ) ⋅ ln f ( x ) + g ( x ) ⋅ ⋅ y
y f ( x) f ( x)
f ′( x) g( x)
y ′ = g ′ ( x ) ⋅ ln f ( x ) + g ( x ) ⋅ ⋅ f ( x )
f ( x)
Ejemplos :
y = ax
y′
ln y = ln a x ⇒ ln y = x ⋅ ln a ⇒ = ln a ⇒ y ′ = y ⋅ ln a ⇒ y′ = a x ⋅ ln a
y
y = ( x 2 + 1)
x
y′
ln y = ln ( x 2 + 1) ln y = x ⋅ ln ( x 2 + 1) = ln ( x 2 + 1) + x ⋅ 2
x 2x
⇒ ⇒ ⇒
y x +1
2x2 2x2 2
y ′ = ln ( x 2 + 1) + 2 y ′ = ln ( x 2 + 1) + 2 ⋅ ( x + 1)
x
⋅ y ⇒
x +1 x +1
y = x tg x
1
1
1 y′ 1 1 cos 2 x
ln y = ln ( tg x ) x ⇒ ln y = ⋅ ln ( tg x ) ⇒ = − 2 ⋅ ln ( tg x ) + ⋅ ⇒
x y x x tg x
1 1 1 ln ( tg x ) 1 x
y ′ = − 2 ⋅ ln ( tg x ) + ⋅ 2
⋅y ⇒ y′ = − + ⋅ tg x
x x tg x ⋅ cos x x 2
x ⋅ sen x ⋅ cos x
y = ( sen x )
cos x
y′ cos x
ln y = ln ( sen x ) ⇒ ln y = cos x ⋅ ln ( sen x ) ⇒ = − sen x ⋅ ln ( sen x ) + cos x ⋅
cos x
⇒
y sen x
cos x
y ′ = − sen x ⋅ ln ( sen x ) + cos x ⋅ ⋅y y ′ = − sen x ⋅ ln ( sen x ) + cos x ⋅ cotg x ⋅ ( sen x )
cos x
⇒
sen x