Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
TRANSPORTE DE SEDIMENTOS
(C-704)
INTRODUCCION A LA
PROTECCION DE ESTRUCTURAS
HIDRAULICAS
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CONCEPTOS BASICOS
El tipo y magnitud de
dichos procesos determina
el grado de daño sobre la
estructura.
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PROCESOS QUE
OCASIONAN DAÑO
PROCESOS HIDRAULICOS
- Remansos
- Aceleración del Flujo
- Flujo Vorticoso
PROCESOS MORFOLOGICOS
- Erosión Lateral, Vertical y Local
- Degradación y Agradación
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PRINCIPIOS DE PROTECCIÓN
Proteger a la estructura
de los efectos del
proceso.
Atenuar o Impedir
evolución del proceso.
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MEDIDAS DE PROTECCION
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Migración de Meandros
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Protección contra la Migración de Meandros
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UNA SELECCIÓN
ADECUADA
DEL SITIO DE CRUCE
1 Ubicación no
recomendada
puente en confluencia.
2 Puente colocado en
curva
fuerte.
3 Puente en tramo de
curva suave.
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Protección contra la Migración de Meandros
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Protección contra la Migración de Meandros
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4. A fin de asegurar un ingreso de las aguas perpendicular a la
abertura del puente considerar la construcción de Muros Guías
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5. No es conveniente emplear estructuras rígidas
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Degradación del Cauce
Degradación del lecho del río Rimac en el tramo Puente del Ejercito – Puente
Bella Unión
Fuente: Estudio Conceptual de Control de Degradación del lecho del Río Rímac – Perú Hydraulics, 2016
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Efectos de la Degradación
Regresiva en el río Rimac
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Efectos de la Degradación de Cauces
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Protección contra la degradación
del lecho
Minimizar la porción de la
estructura ubicada en el
lecho y proveerla de
profundidades adecuadas de
cimentación.
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Traviesas para control de degradación
Las traviesas son estructuras transversales al lecho que se constituyen en puntos fijos
que contrarrestran los efectos de la degradación regresiva.
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http://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2099.1/3306/54984-7.pdf?sequence=5
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Protección de Coraza Protectora del Lecho
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Limitar extracción de agregados del lecho
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AGRADACION DEL
CAUCE
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Protección contra la agradación
del lecho.
En el caso de lechos aluviales se recomienda el
dragado del material depositado.
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En el caso de cauces muy anchos donde el dragado no
sea económico habrá que considerar sobre-elevar los
encauzamientos.
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La constricción del cauce por medio de diques y/o espigones con
el fin de incrementar las velocidades del flujo también ha sido
utilizada.
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Tratamiento de Cuencas y Quebradas
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Erosión Local
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Protección contra la erosión local
Proteger posible zona de posible erosión
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Proveer de Estructuras de Disipación y de
Protección
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Proporcionar aberturas
adecuadas para evitar
desbordamientos.
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Aliviadero de la Presa Poechos – Piura- Perú
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Erosión en Puentes
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Protección contra la erosión
Proveer cimentaciones profundas para la
estructura.
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Cimentación Profunda Cimentación Ancha
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Proveer de forma
hidrodinámica a elementos
de estructura.
Erosión en Pilares: (Fórmula de Richardson)
E=2k1k2B0.65y10.35Fr10.43
donde:
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Enrocados de Protección
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Disipadores de Vórtices
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Proveer un alineamiento adecuado a los Pilares
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Sistema de autollenado de rip-rap
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MEDIDAS DE EMERGENCIA
Colocación de
Rip-Rap
Colocación de Sacos de
Arena
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Tablestacados
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PROTECCIÓN DE LOS ESTRIBOS DE PUENTE MEDIANTE CAJAS DE GAVIONES
DISTRIBUCIÓN TÍPICA PUENTE EN USA.
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Efectos de Constricción Local
remanso. del Lecho
Efectos de Constricción
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Protección contra efectos de remanso.
Diseñar estructuras que minimicen efectos de remanso.
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Proveer diques de protección para salvaguardar
zonas críticas contra inundaciones.
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Diseñar las
estructuras de
cruce para evitar
ser afectadas por
el remanso.
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Obras de Desvío
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Otros Problemas
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Percolación
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Fuerza de Arrastre
La fuerza de arrastre es la resultante de las fuerzas que
actúan en dirección del flujo.
Se calcula como:
Donde:
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Abrasión
El material sólido transportado por la
corriente pude erosionar las paredes de la
infraestructura en contacto con las aguas.
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Abrasión en
Bocatoma
Huachipa
http://larepublica.pe/impresa/sociedad/711846-contraloria-investigara-mal-estado-de-
planta-de-tratamiento-de-agua
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Abrasión en
Bocatoma
Chavimochic
http://www.pepevasquez.com/hidro.html
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Investigaciones
Necesarias
Monitoreo
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Mediciónes
de Socavación
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Modelación Física
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Sedimentación de Embalses
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Utilización de Corrientes de Densidad
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Dragado de Reservorios
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Flushing
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