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2 1
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 6 ( < $ % & ( /
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8 #

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={ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ }
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! "= ! = "= $
! − " = ! %" $ ! − %" = ! %" $ ! (" = $**
! "= ! = "= = ! %" = (%
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8 1
#

E #

= ! "= ! = "
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: $ ( + % $ + $** + (% =

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 ()* +* ), )

1 ' " & " " '%' " '%'

3 ! " −∞ < < ∞ ! "= ! ≤ "= ! = "= !"
≤ ≤

$%& #

G = $ ! = "= ! = "=
(
! = $" = / 1 1
$

'

! "= ! = "=

! "= ! = "+ ! = "= + = =

( ( $
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( $

:
! &" = ! ≤ &" = ! ≤ "= ! = "=

! D" = ! ≤ D" = ! = "+ ! = "=

$
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1 1 #

<

≤ <
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Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 H$
H

$
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8 1 #
" ≤ ! "≤ −∞ < <∞
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" ! "=
→ −∞

! "=
→∞
/ 3 0
7 0 3

" ≤ $ ! "≤ ! $"

$

$ 0
$

"/ 0 ! " ! "= +

!"
→

/ ' " & ""# ' " '%' " #

F 9 1
#

# ! > "= − ! ≤ " ! > "= − ! "

: = ! > "∪! ≤ " ! "= ! > "+ ! ≤ " 6
9 ! > "= − ! ≤ "= − ! "

# < $ ! < ≤ "= !

$ ≤ $" − ! ≤ "
! < ≤ $" = ! $" − ! "

&
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 ! $" = ! ≤ $"
! "= ! ≤ " I J
! < ≤ $"
$

#0 ! < "= −
!"
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A 9
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#1 ! = "= +
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→ → −

K ! = "= ! ≤ "− ! < "= ! "− ! < " "

1 %
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$G ! " ! " /
3 #
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'

"8 # 3 8 ! "
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Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 $

% %
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% %
$

% %

8 1 #

E 3

= ! "= ! = "

(%
D
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D $) $)
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"8 1 #

! "= ! ≤ "= ! = "=

(%
D
! "= ! ≤ "= ! = "+ ! = "= + =
(% (% (%
D $) )
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(% (% (% (%
) $)
! "= ! ≤ "= ! = "+ + ! = "= + =
(% (%

8 1 1 #

)
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 <

≤ <
(%
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)
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(%
≥

"8 1 1 #

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DH(%

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Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
: 1 #

D
! = "= − =
(% (% (%
(% ) $)
! = "= − =
(% (% (%
! =− "= ! = %" =

- 2 *3 )*

1 ! " #& 4 #& "

% "

! "= ! "= ! = "

$%& #

G/ 6 $
7 B #
C
'
E #

= ! "= ! = "
' $ (
' % $
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! "= ! "=− ! = − " + !− " ! = − "+ ! = "+ ! = "

= − ! $ (" − ! % $" + ! $**" + ! (%" = − (

8 6 − ( 8 9

# /

5 % # & #& " " ' 6

M 7
3 7 N ( 8

/ 0 (
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 0 9

$ G2 1 7 O 1 D O
7 1 1 P 7 1
P& 7

'

# 7
=− &
! "=
! "= D

8 N 7 1 & 8
#
! "= ! "=− ! = − "+& ! = &"

=− ! "+& ! "=− ! " + &! D" = % %

* . 3 1
. . ! "<∞

* . 1 ! " !! " 1
1 #

R ! ! "Q = !! " ! "

- - -

1 ! "

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K ? ! "= ! + " ! "= ! "+ ! "

= ! "+ ! "= ! "+ ♦

# . = ! "=

%
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
$G $ ( ) < $

= ( )
= =

8 4 ! "=µ ! "=µ
#
" #! "= [( −µ )( −µ )]
1

[( −µ )( −µ )] = ( − µ −µ +µ µ )
= ! " − ! "µ − µ ! " + µ µ
= ! "−µ µ −µ µ +µ µ

" #! "= ! "−µ µ

# ./ 7 % 6
6 1 ⊥ " #! "=
⊥ ! "= ! " ! "

! "= ! "= ! " ! "

! "= ! " ! "= ! " ! "=µ µ

" #! "= ! "−µ µ = ! " ! "−µ µ =

*3 )*

. µ 4 " 1 $! " = ! − µ"$

# #
G8 3

$ G:
#

$! " = ! − µ"$ = ( $
− $µ + µ $ = ) ( ) − $µ
$
! " + µ$ $! " = ( )− µ
$ $

%
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 G8
2 >

% G8 $! " =σ $
0 6
6 7 "# #/ "
σ = $! " = σ $

- - *3

G8 < $! " =
$! " = ( )− R
$
! "Q =
$ $
− $
= ♦

$ G8
$! "= $
$! "

$! "= ( $ $
)− R ! "Q $ = $
{ ( )− R $
}
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$! " ♦

G $! + " = $ ! " + $ ! " + $" #! "

$! + " = R! + " Q − ! + " $ $

= $
(
+ $ +$ − R ! " + ! "Q$ )
= ( $ )+ ( $ )+ $ ! " − $ ! " − $ ! " − $ ! " ! "
=R $
( )
− $ ! "Q + R $
( )
− $ ! "Q + $R ! " − ! " ! "Q
= $ ! " + $ ! " + $" #! " ♦

" #! "=

$! + " = $ ! " +$ ! "

$! + + " = $ R! + " + Q = $ ! + " + $ ! " + $" #R! + " Q

= $ ! " + $ ! " + $ ! " + $R" #! " + " #! " + " #! "Q

K " #R! + " Q = R! + " Q − ! + " ! "

= ! + "− ! " ! "− ! " ! "
= R ! " − ! " ! "Q + R ! " − ! " ! "Q
= " #! " + " #! "

%$
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 " #! " = " #! " = " #! "=
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/ $ = $( )+ $ " #( % )
= = <%

! − "
: 9 9
$
0

L $

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= =

$%&
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R ! − "Q = µ ! µ − " + σ $

'

R ! − "Q = ( $
− ) = ( )− ! "
$

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! " ∴ ( )=$! " + $! "
$

/ R ! − "Q = σ $ + µ $ − µ = σ $ + µ ! µ − " ♦

0 ()* +* 7 * , , * )*

! "=µ & 1
#
G&'9 1 µ& = ( )=
& &
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µ& = [( −µ )& ] = ( −µ )& ! "

# #
"8
µ =µ

"8
σ $ = µ$

%
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 1 1 1 #

ψ !"= ( ) = ! "

# #
" 1 <
ψS ! = " = [ ( )] =
= ( ) =
= ( ). = = ( ! "
)= ! "

ψS ! = " = ! " = µ

/ 0 0
#
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/ #
ψS ! = " = ! "
! "= ! "= ! "=µ

$" 8 '9 1 '9

8 1 0 0

- - 8%

G 1 ψ !" = +
ψ ! "= ψ ! "

K ψ !"= ( )= ( ! + "
)= ( )= ( )= ψ ! "

$G $ 1 ψ !" < $

= 1 ψ ! " = ∏ψ ! "
= =

K ψ !"= ( )= =
= ∏ =∏ ( ) = ∏ψ !"
= = =

$%& #

G ! "= ( )= $
$
( )= & A

'

%%
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
µ = [! − µ" ] = ( − $
µ+ µ$ − µ )= ( )− µ ( )+ $
µ −µ

µ = & − ! $" + $ =

$G A 1
ψ !"=
%
( + −
) −∞ < < ∞
'
8 1
#
ψS ! = " =
%
( − −
) =
=
%
! − "=
$
=µ

ψ SS ! = " =
%
( + −
) =
=
%
! + "=
$

$! " = ( )− µ $ $
= −
$
=
%

G µ σ$ ψ !" 1 −∞ < <∞

Rψ ! " − Q
1 ψ ! "= −∞ < < ∞ A
1
'

Rψ ! " − Q
µ =ψ S ! = " = ψS ! " = ! − "
µ= µ
=

K ψ ! "= ( )∴ψ ! "= ( )= ! "=

ψ ! "
ψS ! " = −
ψS ! "

ψ SS ! " = −
[ ψ ! "
ψ S S ! " +ψ S ! " ψ ! "
ψ S ! "]

ψ SS ! " = −
[ ψ ! "
ψ SS ! " + µ $ ψ ! "
]
= −
( ψ SS ! " + µ $ )
= ψ SS ! " + $
µ$
ψ SS ! " = ( )=$! " + !
$ $
" =σ $ + µ$

/ ψ SS ! " = (σ + µ ) + µ $ $ $ $

$! " = ( )− ! " = $ $
σ $ + µ$ + $
µ$ − $
µ $ = (σ $ + µ $ )

%&
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 $
$
%G ψ ! "= + + / " " " 1
( ( (

'

% $
D +%+D % )
" ψS ! = " = + + = = ∴µ =
( ( ( =
( (
+ * + $)
( )= (
$
* $) (
" ψ SS ! = " = + + = = ∴ $

( ( ( =
( (

$! " = ( )−
$ $
! " = ( − !) H " $ = ( −
%D &
D D
=

" ψ !"= ( )= ! = "=

(
+
$ $
(
+
(

8 1 #

' ! "' ! ' "

(
$
$
(

$
: + + =
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&G & $
3 3 #
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"T
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" 9 # 3 /

%(
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 6 =
! $" $
! "
! %" %
! &" &
!$ "
!$ %" %
!$ &" &
! %" %
! &" &
!% &" &
8 1 #
= ! "= ! = "

$
$

%
%
&

−
: 1 ! "= =$ %

"
= ! "= ! = " ! " $
! "

$ $ %
$ ( *
% $ %*
& % $

&
8 ! "= ! "= $+ (+ $+$ = %
=$

( )=
&
$ $
! "= %+ *+% *+ = )
=$

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! " = ) − ! %" $ =

"8 1 3 1 #
( )=
&
ψ !"= ! = "= $
+ $ + %
+ % &

=$

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Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 &
: ψ !"= ! − "
=$

" 1 ! "= ! ≤ "

1

! $" = ! ≤ $" = ! = $" =

! "= ! ≤ "= ! = $" + ! = "= + $=

!%" = ! ≤ %" = ! = $" + ! = "+ ! = %" = (
!&" = ! ≤ &" = ! = $" + ! = "+ ! = %" + ! = &" =

<$
$≤ <
! "= ≤ <%
( %≤ <&
≥&

1 ) +* * ) 2 * ,

; 0 6
9 1
9 6
/ # 9 #" ' :
9 ;<
# !( "' ! "= − = )

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8 * U <
1 9 F U
−
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/ U # ( )= $ $
+ $
= ! "=
A #
$! " = ( )−$ $
! "= − $
= ! − " $! " =
8 8% #
ψ !"= ( )= ! "
! "+ ! "
!"= ! = "+ ! = "= +
ψ = +

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Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
V 0 3
7

) +* * ,

2 % #
" U
"8 9
# 3 9
< $
W ! ? " 1
−
! ? "= ! = "= =

: $ U
= + $ + +
= 1
1
1 ψ ! " = ∏ψ ! " ψ ! "=( + )
=
#& 4 1 #

ψS ! = " = ( + ) −
.= = ( + ) −
= ! + " −
∴ ! "=

2
U

! "= = ( )=
= =

4
1 #

ψ SS ! = " = [( + ) −
+ ! − " + ( ) −$
] =

= [( + ) −
+ ! − " + ( ) −$
]
= R +! − " Q= ! + − "= ! + "= + $ $

∴ $ = ( )− $ $
! "= + $ $
− $ $

8 $ =

%D
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
8 U 9 0 0

U
$! " =$ = $( )=
= =

' " & " " '%' "

−
! "= ! ≤ "= 8
=

% . $ & & W ! ? " < $ &

&
/ = + $ + + & =
=

% #
8%

ψ ! " = ∏ψ ! " = ( + )( ) ( ) ( )
&
&
+ + = +
$ &
=

ψ ! "=( + )
&
=
=

&
: 1 = 9
=
$%& #

G2 ( B
3 C

'
# V3
W ! ? =D = ("
# V3

! "< ! = "+ ! = $" + ! = %" + ! = (" + ! = *"

D D D D D
= ! (" ! %" D + ! (" $ ! %" ) + ! (" % ! %" & + ! (" ( ! %" + ! (" * ! %"
$ % ( *
< $($ X $ $ (X ()$ & X $& *$$( X ( %(( < %DD ≈ )&

&
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
$ GF 0 + U +
9 U & 9
*
$
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"B 3 C
'

# V3 +
$# V3 U
# V3
# V3

< $< & <$

= $ = =
* % $
W ! ? " = $
"/ 3 3 > +
3 > U 3
>

= + $ +

! "= ( + $ + )= ( )=
= =

+ +* $
! "= +& +$ = = = $ ($&
* % $ * *

"8
)
$! " = $( )= = +& +$
= * = % * % $ $
$ & $ +( + $
= + + = = = )((
(% ( $ (% (%

G8 1 %
& 0 7 1 B #
" C
" * C
" &C
'

# V3

&
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 < % < ( < &
W ! ? = & = %"

/
" ! ≥ " = − ! < " = − ! ≤ D" = − !D" = − D(($ = *
" ! ≤ ≤ *" = !*" − !$" = D & − $) = *))D
" ! = &" = !&" − !%" = % $ − $ ) = *&D

% G8 0
A $ %
%

'

# V3
= = <%
% %
W ? =% =
%
$ $
% %@ D &% $)
! = $" = = = $
= = $
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& G2 1 + U
6 8 + U
& 0 1 B

" 1 +C
" 1 + UC
'

#
# V3 1 +
# V3 1 U
: #

' ' ' '

& * )
% D (
$ &
$ %
% $
& $
( D %
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&$
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 " W ! ? = & = &"
! ≥ " = − ! ≤ D" = − !D" = − *%D = &

" W ! ? = & = &"

! 1 U" = ! ≥ " = ! ≤ &" = !&" = &
/ ! ≥ ≤ &" = ! ≥ " + ! ≤ &" = & + & = $

= ) +* 7 ,>

8 9 U
9 3 16 8 9
3 0 9 8
< $ 9
! 9 " W +! ? " 1 1 #

−
+! ? " = ! = "= < $

8% #

( )= ( )= (+ )
∞
ψ !"= −
= + $
+ $
+ %
+ + $ $
+ +
=

( )
∞ ∞
= = =
= = −

∴ψ ! " =
−
∞
* .2 9 =
= −

, " 9 4

! " =ψ S ! = " =
( − ) − (− ) =
− $
+ $
= =
(− ) $
=
(− ) $
=
(− ) $ $

8 L 9 # ! "=

ψ SS ! = "=
(− ) $
+ $ − ( ) =
+$ $
=
$
! +$ "
=
+$
(− ) %
=
% % $

&
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 +$ +$ − $ −
$! " = ( )−
$ $
! "= $
− $
= $
= $

8 L 9 # $! " = $

(' " & " " '%' "

[+ ]= −
−
− − −
! "= ! ≤ "= = = + $
+ + + =
= = = −

8 1 9 ! "= −
+
−
* .2 9 =
= −

$%& #

G 0 8
1 P$&
1 P& + 7
< $&

'

8
# V3 0
W +! ? = $&"
"! " # 1
V 1 3 0
9
" ! " = $& +& ! − "= −&

R" ! "Q = ! "−& = −& = −& =P &

$&

$ G2 >7 0 7 8
D& B
1 C

'

/9 9 #

' !( "' ! "' &

' ! "' ! " ' D&

# V3 0 1
&%
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 W + ! ? = &"
! = &" = ! D&" % ! &" = % )

G8 >7 + 0
% 6

" B 0
9 C
" & BA 1 6C
" B
3 C

'

# V3 0
W +! ? = "
! "= = =

"! " # 1

"/ 1 3 "! " = +% ! − "=& −%

R" ! "Q = & ! "−% =& ! "−% = P%(

" / P%( Y P &

1 6

"/
"! " = & −%
/ R" ! " > Q = !& −% > "
= !& > % "
%
= > = ! > $ *" < − ! ≤$ "
&
= − !$ " = − ( − $ ) = ! D" $ = $ (

% GA 0 0 B
C

'

# V3
W +! ? = &"

/
( ≥ $ > )= ( ≥ $ > )= ( ≥ $)
=
− ! "
= =
( > ) ( > ) − ! "
&&
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
- & " ". 9

! ≥ + . > "= ! ≥ "

/ 1 9

% #

: # ! ≥ "= − ! ≤ − "
= − ! − "
= − − ( −
)= −

K
! > ≥ + " ! ≥ + " − ! ≤ + − "
! ≥ + . > "= = =
! > " − ! ≤ " − ! "

=
− ! + − "
=
− − ( + −
)= + −
= −
= ! ≥ "
− ! " − − ( )
+7 6 9
?
! ≥ $. > "= ! ≥ $" = − ! " = −! − " =
$

&G 9 9 #
" ! > "=
" ! > + . > "= ! > "
'

" ! > "= − ! ≤ "= − ! "= − − ( )=

+
! > + "
" ! > + . > "= = = = ! > "
! > "

(G2 3 0 D >7
>7
"B
C
"B 9
C
"/ 3 0
C

'

&(
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 # V3
D
W+ ? =
$
D D
" ! = "= = = D

" ! > "= − ! "= = =

" ! "= = =
D

$! " = $
= = = $
* *
7 σ = $! " = &

? ) +* @ - 7 ,> 2 ) +* - *

0 6 + $ U
/ 3 6 = + $
> 9
# 3 6 +

/ A & 8 %; :
≤ ! "

$%& #

" < >

<& 0 & 6 +
/ 3 6 + &

" <( > (

<) 0 ) 6 +
/ 3 6 + ( >
)

A 3 6 U , 3
6 U − ≤ $ ∴ − $ ≤ 3
! − $" ≤ ≤ ! "

$%& #

" '( > (

&)
Profesora: Leticia Cañedo Suárez. ESCOM-IPN
 <) 0 ) 6 +
$ < & & 6 U 3 < $
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