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Unidad1 Fase2 Grupo 208046 41 PDF
Unidad1 Fase2 Grupo 208046 41 PDF
PRESENTADO POR
JHON GILBERTO GUTIERREZ
WOLFANG ROJAS
DIANA PATRICIA CASTRO BARRERA
DANILO ANDRES MOLANO
DANYS JESUS MENDIVELSO
TUTOR
DIEGO ALBERTO GOMEZ
GRUPO
208046_41
ALGEBRA LINEAL
Este trabajo se realizó con el fin de dar a conocer conceptos básicos sobre vectores,
matrices y determinantes, utilizándolos en el desarrollo de ejercicios y dándoles
correcta solución; de igual forma pondremos en práctica el software Geogebra para
comprobar los resultados de cada uno.
DESARROLLO ACTIVIDAD
𝒃
MAGNITUD: |𝑢| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 DIRECCION DE CADA VECTOR: 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒂)
𝒖 = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟒𝒋 |𝒖| = 𝟐 + 𝟒
𝑢 =2+4 𝟒 𝟕𝝅𝟐
|𝑢 | = 2 + 4 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ) = 𝟔𝟑° → 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒔
𝟐 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
|𝑢| = √(2)2 + (4)2 = √4 + 16 = √𝟐𝟎 = 𝟒
𝒃
MAGNITUD: |𝑢| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 DIRECCION DE CADA VECTOR: 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒂)
𝒗 = −𝒊 − 𝟐𝒋 |𝒗| = −𝟏 − 𝟐
𝑣 = −1 − 2
|𝒗| = −𝟏 − 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟕𝝅
𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (−𝟏) = 𝟔𝟑° → 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒔
𝟐𝟎
|𝑢| = √(−1)2 + (−2)2 = √1 + 4 = √5 = 𝟐
𝑢. 𝑣 = (2 ∗ 4 ) + ((−1) ∗ (−2)) = 𝟏𝟎
𝒖. 𝒗
D) El ángulo entre los dos vectores : 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = |𝒖| .|𝒗|
−𝟏𝟎
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = = −𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐
𝟒 . √𝟓
𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (−𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐) = 𝟏𝟓𝟑. 𝟒𝟑°
4 −2 1 4 3
3 5
𝐴=| | 𝐵 = |5 0 | 𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
1 4
4 2 6 −2 0
Calcule si es posible:
A. C.B.A
Solución:
1 4 3 4 −2 1 4 3 4 −2 36 4
|4 1 −2| . |5 0 | . |3 5| = |4 1 −2 . 5 0 = 13 −12| =
| | | |
1 4
6 −2 0 4 2 6 −2 0 4 2 14 −12
36 4 112 196
3 5
|13 −12| . | | = | 27 17 |
1 4
14 −12 30 22
B. DET(C)*DET(A)*B
𝟏 𝟒 𝟑
Hallar el determinante de 𝑪 = |𝟒 𝟏 −𝟐|
𝟔 −𝟐 𝟎
4 1 1 4 1 4
3| |+ 2| | + 0| |
6 −2 6 −2 4 1
El determinante de 3 |4 1
|es -42
6 −2
1 4 1 4
3((4)(−2) − 6.1) + 2 | |+ 0| |
6 −2 4 1
1 4 1 4
3(−8 − 6) + 2 | | + 0| |
6 −2 4 1
Simplificar la expresión.
1 4 1 4
3. −14 + 22 | | +0| |
6 −2 4 1
1 4 1 4
−42 + 2 | | +0| |
6 −2 4 1
El determinante 2 |1 4
| es -52.
6 −2
1 4
−42 + 2(−2 − 24) + 0 | |
4 1
1 4
−42 + 2. (−26) + 0 | |
4 1
1 4
−42 − 52 + 0 | |
4 1
Hallar la determinante de 𝑨 = |𝟑 𝟓|
𝟏 𝟒
(3)(4) − 1.5 = 12 − 5 = 7
DET(C)*DET(A)*B
4 −2
(−94). 7. |5 0 |
4 2
4 −2
−658. |5 0 |
4 2
−2632 1316
DET(C)*DET(A)*B = | −3290 0 |
−2632 −1316
C. C*B+B*A
1 4 3 4 −2
C*B = |4 1 −2| . |5 0 |
6 −2 0 4 2
1 . 4 + 4 . 5 + 3 . 4 1 . (−2) + 4. 0 + 3. 2
= (4 . 4 + 1 . 5 + (−2). 4 4 (−2) + 1. 0 + (−2) . 2)
6.4 + (−2). 5 + 0. 4 6 (−2) + (−2) . 0 + 0. 2
36 4
= |13 −12|
14 −12
4 −2
3 5
B*A = |5 0 | . | |=
1 4
4 2
4. 3 + (−2). 1 4 . 5 + (−2). 4 10 12
|5 . 3 + 0. 1 + 5. 5 + 0 . 4 | = |15 25|
4. 3 + 2. 1 4. 5 + 2. 4 14 28
36 4 10 12 46 16
C*B+B*A = |13 −12| + |15 25| = |28 13|
14 −12 14 28 28 16
3. Sea la matriz:
1 2 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0 )
0 1 −4
Halle:
a) El determinante
b) La matriz inversa empleado en método de Gauss Jordan
c) La matriz adjunta
d) Compruebe todas las respuestas en Geogebra
Solución
a) El determinante
1 2 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0)
0 1 −4
4 0 2 −1 2 −1
1| |− 3| | + 0| |
1 −4 1 −4 4 0
4 0
𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 1 | | 𝑒𝑠 − 16
1 −4
El determinante de −3 |2 −1| es 21
1 −4
3 4 0 0 1 0
1 2 −1 ⋮ 1 0 0 𝑓1 𝑥 𝑓2 3 4 0 ⋮0 1 0 𝑓2− 1𝑓1 2 ⋮ 1
3
(3 4 0 ⋮ 0 1 0) ⇒ |1 2 −1⋮1 0 0| ⇒ |0 0 ⋮1 − 0|
0 1 −4 ⋮ 0 0 1 0 1 −4⋮0 0 1 3 ⋮ 3
0 1 −4 0 0 1
3 4 0 0 1 0
⋮
𝑓2 𝑥 𝑓3 0 1 −4 0 0 1
⇒ | 2 ⋮ 1 |
0 −1⋮1 − 0
3 3
2 3 4 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0
𝑓3 − 𝑓2 ⋮ 3 4 0⋮
3 0 1 −4 0 0 1 𝑥 5𝑓3 0 0 1
⇒ | 5 ⋮ 1 2 | ⇒ |0 1 −4⋮3 1 2|
0 0 ⋮1 − − 0 0 1⋮ − −
3 3 3 5 5 5
48 21 12 16 7 4
0 1 0 − −
5 5 5 1 5 5 5
𝑓2 +4𝑓3 3 4 0⋮12 − 4 3
− | 𝑓1 −4𝑓2
|3 0 0⋮ 12 4 3| 𝑥 3𝑓1 |1 0 0⋮ 12 4 3|
⇒ |0 ⇒
| 1 0⋮ 5 5 5| 0 1 0⋮ − − ⇒ 0 1 0⋮ − − =
0 0 1⋮ 3 1 2 |0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5| |0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5|
− − 3 1 2 3 1 2
5 5 5 − − − −
5 5 5 5 5 5
16 7 4
− 5 5 5 −3.2 1.4 0.8
12 4 3
𝐴 −1
= || 5
−
5
− || = 𝐴−1 = | 2.4 −0.8 −0.6|
5
3 1 2 0.6 −0.2 −0.4
5
−5 −5
c) La matriz adjunta
1 2 −1 −𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟑
𝐴 = (3 4 0) = 𝑨𝒅𝒋𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒂 = | 𝟗 −𝟒 −𝟏|
0 1 −4 𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐
FASE 1:
1 2 −1
4 0
𝐴 = (3 4 0) 𝑐11 = + | | = +((4)(−4) − (1)(0)) = +(−16 − 0) =
1 −4
0 1 −4
−16
-
1 2- −1
3 0
𝐴 = (3 4 0 ) 𝑐12 = − | | = −((3)(−4) − (0)(0)) = −(−12 − 0) =
-1 −4 0 −4
0
12 -
+
1 2 −1
3 4
𝐴 = (3 4 0 ) 𝑐13 = + | | = +((3)(1) − (0)(4)) = +(3 − 0) = 3
0 1
0 1 −4
FASE 2:
-
-
1 2 −1
𝐴 = (3- 4 0 ) 𝑐21 = − |
2 −1
| = −((2)(−4) − (1)(−1)) = −(−8 − 1) =
1 −4
0- 1 −4
9
1 2 −1
1 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0 ) 𝑐22 = + | | = +((1)(−4) − (0)(−1)) = +(−4 − 0) =
0 −4
0 1 −4
−4
-
-
1 2 −1
1 2
𝐴 = (3 4 0- ) 𝑐23 = − | | = −((1)(1) − (0)(2)) = −(1 − 0) = −1
0 1
0 1 −4
-
FASE 3:
1 2 −1
2 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0) 𝑐31 = + | | = +((2)(0) − (4)(−1)) = +(0 − (−4)) =
4 0
0 1 −4
4
-
1 2- −1
1 −1
𝐴 = (3 4- 0 ) 𝑐32 = − | | = −((1)(0) − (3)(−1)) = −(0 − (−3)) =
3 0
0 1- −4
−3
+
1 2 −1
1 2
𝐴 = (3 4 0 ) 𝑐33 = + | | = +((1)(4) − (3)(2)) = +(4 − 6) = −2
3 4
0 1 −4
−𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟑
𝑨𝒅𝒋𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒂 = | 𝟗 −𝟒 −𝟏|
𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐
𝑑→ = 𝑑→
𝐴𝑃 𝐶𝑃
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9 = 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 36
6𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 18 = −10𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 61
6𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 18 − 10𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 61 = 0
−4𝑥 + 18𝑦 + 79 = 0
𝐸𝑐1 = −4𝑥 + 18𝑦 + 79 = 0
𝑑→ = 𝑑→
𝐵𝑃 𝐶𝑃
(𝑥 − 5)2 = (𝑥 + 4)2
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16
−10𝑥 + 25 + 8𝑥 + 16 = 0
−2𝑥 + 41 = 0
𝐸𝑐2 = −2𝑥 + 41 = 0
Simplificar
−𝟒𝒙+𝟏𝟖𝒚+𝟕𝟗=𝟎
𝑬𝒄𝟏 = −𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖𝒚 + 𝟕𝟗 = 𝟎 ; = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗𝒚 + 𝟑𝟗. 𝟓
𝟐
−𝟒𝟏
𝑬𝒄𝟐 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟎 ; −𝟐𝒙 = −𝟒𝟏 ; 𝒙 = = 𝒙 = −𝟐𝟎. 𝟓
𝟐
|𝑢| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
|𝑢| = √22 + 42
|𝑢| = √2 + 16
|𝑢| = √20
|𝑢| = 4.47
Dirreccion
𝜑=𝜃
Hallamos la 𝜃
𝑏
𝜃 = tan−1 | |
𝑎
4
𝜃 = tan−1 | |
2
𝜃 = 63.43°
Entonces 𝜑 = 𝜃
𝜑 = 63.43°
Valores para el vector V
Magnitud
|𝑣| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
|𝑣| = √5
|𝑣| = 2.23
Dirección
𝜑=𝜃+𝜋
Hallamos 𝜃
2
θ = tan−1 | |
1
𝜃 = 63.43°
Entonces
𝜑=𝜃+𝜋
𝜑 = 63.43° + 180°
𝜑 = 243.43°
b. el vector suma U+V y el vector resta U-V
Suma
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (𝑢1 + 𝑣1 ). ((𝑢2 + 𝑣2 )
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (2 + (−1)). (4 + (−2))
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (1). (2)
𝑢+𝑣=2
Resta
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (𝑢1 − 𝑣1 ). ((𝑢2 − 𝑣2 )
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (2 − (−1)). (4 − (−2))
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (3). (6)
𝑢 − 𝑣 = 18
c. el producto escalar U*V
𝑢 ∗ 𝑣 = (𝑢1 ∗ 𝑣1 ) + ((𝑢2 ∗ 𝑣2 )
𝑢 ∗ 𝑣 = (2 ∗ (−1)) + (4 ∗ (−2))
𝑢 ∗ 𝑣 = (−2) + (−8)
𝑢 ∗ 𝑣 = −10
d. Ángulo entre vectores
𝑢∗𝑣
cos 𝜃 =
|𝑢||𝑣|
−10
cos 𝜃 =
√20. √5
−10
cos 𝜃 =
10
cos 𝜃 = −1
𝜃 = cos −1 −1
𝜃 = 180°
2. Dadas las matrices
4 −2 1 4 3
3 5|
𝐴=| 𝐵 = |5 0 | 𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
1 4
4 2 6 −2 0
Calcule
a. C*B*A
debemos ver que el numero de columnas de la primera matriz sea igual al numero
de filas de la segunda matriz
1 4 3 4 −2
𝐶 = |4 1 −2| * 𝐵 = |5 0|
6 −2 0 4 2
Celda 11= f1C * c1B= (1)(4) + (4)(5) + (3)(4) = 36
Celda 12=f1C* c2B= (1)(−2) + (4)(0) + (3)(2) = 4
Celda 21= f2C*c1B= (4)(4) + (1)(5) + (−2)(4) = 13
Celda 22=f2C*c2B=(4)(−2) + (1)(0) + (−2)(2) = −12
Celda 31=f3C*c1B= (6)(4) + (−2)(5) + (0)(4) = 14
Celda 32=f3C*c2B=(6)(−2) + (−2)(0) + (0)(2) = −12
36 4
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12|
14 −12
36 4
3 5|
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| * 𝐴 = |
1 4
14 −12
Celda 11= f1B*c1A= (36)(3) + (4)(1) = 112
Celda 12 =f1B*c2A = (36)(5) + (4)(4) = 196
Celda 21= f2B*c1A= (13)(3) + (−12)(1) = 27
Celda 2.2 =f2B*c2A=(13)(5) + (−12)(4) = 17
Celda 31= f3B*c1A= (14)(3) + (−12)(1) = 30
Celda 3.2 = f3B*c2A= (14)(5) + (−12)(4) = 22
112 196
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = | 27 17 |
30 22
3 5|
𝐷𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = | = 12 − 5 = 7
1 4
Det (C) * Det (A) * B
4 −2
−94 ∗ 7 ∗ |5 0 |
4 2
4 −2 −2632 1316
−658 ∗ |5 0 | = |−3290 0 |
4 2 −2632 −1316
c. C*B+B*A
4 −2
3 5|
|
𝐵= 5 0| * 𝐴=|
1 4
4 2
10 12
𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |15 25|
14 28
La suma de las matrices es A+B = (aij)+(bij)
36 4 10 12 46 16
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |15 25| = |28 13|
14 −12 14 28 28 16
3. Sea la matriz
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
a. Halle el determinante
1 2 −1 1 2
det 𝐴 = |3 4 0 3 4| = −16 + 0 − 3 − 0 − 0 − (−24) = −16 − 3 + 24 = 5
0 1 −4 0 1
16 7 4
−
5 5 5
| 12 4 3|
𝐴−1 = − −
| 5 5 5|
3 1 2
− −
5 5 5
c. La matriz adjunta de
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
4 0
|3 4 0 |=| | = −16
1 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
3 0
|3 4 0 | = −| | = 12
0 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
3 4
|3 4 0 |=| |=3
0 1
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
2 −1
|3 4 0 | = −| |=7
1 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 −1
|3 4 0 |=| | = −4
0 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 2
|3 4 0 | = −| | = −1
0 1
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
2 −1
|3 4 0 |=| |=4
4 0
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 −1
|3 4 0 | = −| | = −3
3 0
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 2
|3 4 0 |=| | = −2
3 4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1 −16 12 3
∗
𝐴 = |3 4 0 | = 𝐴 = | 7 −4 −1|
0 1 −4 4 −3 −2
𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
|𝐴 | = | 3 𝑎
| = |𝐴| = (3)(4) − (−𝑏)(𝑎) = 12 + 𝑏𝑎
−𝑏 4
Entonces
1
𝐴−1 = ∗ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴)
|𝐴 |
4 𝑎
1 4 𝑎
𝐴−1 = ∗| | = |12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏 |
|12 + 𝑎𝑏| 𝑏 3 𝑏 3
12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
Método definición
3 𝑎
𝐴=| |
−𝑏 4
𝐴 ∗ 𝐴−1 = 𝐼
3 𝑎 1 0
𝐴=| | ∗ 𝐴−1 = | |
−𝑏 4 0 1
Como nuestra incógnita es 𝐴−1 reemplazamos por letras
3 𝑎 𝐴 𝐶 1 0
𝐴=| |∗| |=| |
−𝑏 4 𝐵 𝐷 0 1
3𝐴 + 𝑎𝐶 3𝐵 + 𝑎𝐷 1 0
𝐴=| |=| |
−𝑏𝐴 + 4𝐶 −𝑏𝐵 + 4𝐷 0 1
Igualamos cada termino según nuestra I
3𝐴 + 𝑎𝐶 = 1
−𝑏𝐴 + 4𝐶 = 0
Despejamos una de las incognitas por métodos de adición
3𝐴 + 𝑎𝐶 = 1 (−4)
−𝑏𝐴 + 4𝐶 = 0 (𝑎)
12𝐴 − 4𝑎𝐶 = −4
−𝑏𝐴𝑎 + 4𝑎𝐶 = 𝑎
12𝐴 − 𝑏𝐴𝑎 = −4𝑎
Despejamos A
4
𝐴=
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Reemplazamos A en −𝑏𝐴 + 4𝐶 = 0
4
−𝑏 + 4𝐶 = 0
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Despejamos C
𝑏
𝐶=
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Ahora repetimos los pasos para nuestra segunda columna de A^-1
3𝐵 + 𝑎𝐷 = 0 (−𝑏)
−𝑏𝐵 + 4𝐷 = 1 (3)
−3𝐵𝑏 − 𝑎𝐷𝑏 = −𝑏
3𝐵 − 𝑏 + 12𝐷 = 3
−12𝑎𝐷𝑏 = −3𝑏
Despejamos D
3
𝐷=
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Reemplazamos D en
3𝐵 + 𝑎𝐷 = 0
3
3𝐵 + 𝑎 =0
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Despejamos B
𝑎
𝐵=
12 + 𝑎𝑏
Colocamos los términos obtenidos en A^-1
𝐴 ∗ 𝐴−1 = 𝐼
3 𝑎 𝐴 𝐶 1 0
𝐴=| |∗| |=| |
−𝑏 4 𝐵 𝐷 0 1
4 𝑎
3 𝑎 12 + 𝑎𝑏| = |1 0|
𝐴=| | ∗ |12 + 𝑎𝑏
−𝑏 4 𝑏 3 0 1
12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
EJERCICIO 1.
Se tienen los vectores u = 2𝑖 + 4𝑗 y v = −𝑖 − 2𝑗
Halle:
a) La magnitud y la dirección de cada vector respecto al eje x y represéntelo
en una gráfica.
b) El vector suma de u+v y el vector resta u-v
c) El producto escalar u.v
d) El ángulo entre los dos vectores
Solución:
|𝒖| = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
Y para hallar la dirección usamos:
−𝟏
𝒃
𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 | |
𝒂
Entonces para el vector u tenemos:
Magnitud:
|𝑢| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
|𝑢| = √(2)2 + (4)2
|𝑢| = √4 + 16
|𝑢| = √20
|𝒖| = 𝟒
Dirección:
4
𝜃 = tan−1 | |
2
𝜃 = tan−1(2)
𝜽 = 𝟔𝟑, 𝟒𝟑°
Ahora hallamos para el vector V = -i-2j
Magnitud:
|𝑣| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
|𝑣| = √(−1)2 + (−2)2
|𝑢| = √1 + 4
|𝑢| = √5
|𝒖| = 𝟐, 𝟐𝟑
Dirección:
2
𝜃 = tan−1 | |
1
−1 ( )
𝜃 = tan 2
𝜽 = 𝟔𝟑, 𝟒𝟑°
b) El vector suma de u+v y el vector resta u-v
𝑢 = 2𝑖 + 4𝑗
𝑣 = −𝑖 − 2𝑗
𝒖∗𝒗
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
|𝒖||𝒗|
−10
cos 𝜃 =
√20 ∗ √5
−10
cos 𝜃 =
10
cos 𝜃 = −1
𝜃 = cos −1 −1
𝜽 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
EJERCICIO 2.
Dadas las matrices:
4 −2 1 4 3
3 5|
𝐴=| 𝐵 = |5 0 | 𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
1 4
4 2 6 −2 0
Calcule si es posible:
a) C*B*A
Para poder solucionar las matrices debemos tener en cuentas que el número de
columnas de la primera matriz sea el mismo número de filas de la segunda matriz.
Entonces tenemos:
1 4 3 4 −2
𝐶 = |4 1 −2| X 𝐵 = |5 0 |
6 −2 0 4 2
Ahora C*B*A
36 4
3 5|
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| * 𝐴 = |
1 4
14 −12
Celda 1.1 = 𝑓1𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐1𝐴 = (36)(3) + (4)(1) = 112
Celda 1.2 = 𝑓1𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐2𝐴 = (36)(5) + (4)(4) = 196
Celda 2.1 = 𝑓2𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐1𝐴 = (13)(3) + (−12)(1) = 27
Celda 2.2 = 𝑓2𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐2𝐴 = (13)(5) + (−12)(4) = 17
Celda 3.1 = 𝑓3𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐1𝐴 = (14)(3) + (−12)(1) = 30
Celda 3.2 = 𝑓3𝐶𝐵 ∗ 𝑐2𝐴 = (14)(5) + (−12)(4) = 22
b) DET(C)*DET(A)*B
1 4 3
𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
6 −2 0
Para hallar el determinante de C debemos repetir las 2 primeras columnas y
realizar una multiplicación cruzada, es decir:
1 4 3 1 4
𝐷𝐸𝑇(𝐶) = |4 1 −2 4 1|
6 −2 0 6 −2
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐶 ) = 0 − 48 − 24 − 18 − 4 − 0
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐶 ) = −94
Hacemos lo mismo con A
3 5|
𝐴=|
1 4
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐴) = 12 − 5
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐴) = 7
DET (C)*DET(A)*B
4 −2
(-94) *7* 𝐵 = |5 0|
4 2
4 −2
-658* 𝐵 = |5 0 | multiplicamos cada uno de los elementos de la matriz por -658
4 2
−𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟔
𝑫𝑬𝑻(𝑪) ∗ 𝑫𝑬𝑻(𝑨) ∗ 𝑩 = |−𝟑𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝟎 |
−𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟐 −𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟔
c) C*B+B*A
36 4
Como 𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| entonces hallamos B*A
14 −12
4 −2
3 5
𝐵 = |5 0| ∗ 𝐴=| |
1 4
4 2
36 4 10 12
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |15 25|
14 −12 14 28
𝟒𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝑪 ∗ 𝑩 + 𝑩 ∗ 𝑨 = |𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟑|
𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟔
EJERCICIO 3:
Sea la matriz:
a) El determinante:
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
1 2 −1 1 2
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐴) = |3 4 0 3 4|
0 1 −4 0 1
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (𝐴) = −16 + 0 − 3 − 0 − 0 + 24
𝑫𝑬𝑻(𝑨) = 𝟓
b) La matriz inversa empleado en método de Gauss Jordan
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
3 4 0 ⋮0 1 0
1 2 −1 ⋮1 0 0 𝐹1∗𝐹2 3 4 0 ⋮0 1 0 𝐹2−1𝐹1 2 1
3
|3 4 0 ⋮0 1 0| ⇒ |1 2 −1 ⋮1 0 0| ⇒ |0 0 ⋮1 − 0|
0 1 −4 ⋮0 0 1 0 1 −4 ⋮0 0 1 3 ⋮ 3
0 1 −4 0 0 1
3 4 0 0 1 0 2 3 4 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0
⋮ 𝐹3− 𝐹2 ⋮ ∗ 𝐹3 3 4 0 ⋮
𝐹2∗𝐹3 0 1 −4 0 0 1 3 0 1 −4 0 0 0 5 0 0 1
⇒ | 2 ⋮ 1 |⇒ | 5 ⋮ 1 2 ⇒ |0
| 1 −4 ⋮3 1 2|
0 −1 ⋮1 − 0 0 0 ⋮1 − − 0 0 1 ⋮ − −
3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5
48 21 12 16 7 4
0 1 0 − −
5 5 5 1 5 5 5
𝐹2+4𝐹3 3 4 0⋮12 − 4 3
− | 𝐹1−4𝐹2
|3 0 0⋮ 12 4 3| ∗ 3𝐹1 |1 0 0⋮ 12 4 3|
⇒ |0 ⇒
| 1 0⋮ 5 5 5| 0 1 0⋮ − − ⇒ 0 1 0⋮ − −
0 0 1⋮ 3 1 2 |0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5| |0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5|
− − 3 1 2 3 1 2
5 5 5 − − − −
5 5 5 5 5 5
16 7 4
−
5 5 5 |
|1 0 0 ⋮ 12 4 3
𝐴−1 = 0 1 0⋮ − −
|0 0 1⋮ 5 5 5|
3 1 2
− −
5 5 5
−𝟑. 𝟐 𝟏. 𝟒 𝟎. 𝟖
−𝟏
𝑨 = | 𝟐. 𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟖 −𝟎. 𝟔|
𝟎. 𝟔 −𝟎. 𝟐 −𝟎. 𝟒
c) La matriz adjunta:
Fila 1:
Eliminamos la primera fila y la primera columna.
1 2 −1
4 0
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀1.1 = (4)(−4) − (1)(0) = −16
1 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
3 0
𝐴 = |3 4 0| =| | = 𝑀1.2 = (3)(−4) − (0)(0) = −12
0 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
3 4
𝐴 = |3 4 0| =| | = 𝑀1.3 = (3)(1) − (0)(4) = 3
0 1
0 1 −4
Fila 2:
1 2 −1
2 −1
|
𝐴= 3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀2.1 = (2)(−4) − ((1)(−1)) = −7
1 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀2.2 = (1)(−4) − ((0)(−1)) = −4
0 −4
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 2
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀2.3 = (1)(1) − (0)(2) = 1
0 1
0 1 −4
Fila 3:
1 2 −1
2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀3.1 = (2)(0) − ((4)(−1)) = 4
4 0
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀3.2 = (1)(0) − ((3)(−1)) = 3
3 0
0 1 −4
1 2 −1
1 2
𝐴 = |3 4 0| = | | = 𝑀3.3 = (1)(4) − (3)(2) = −2
3 4
0 1 −4
Entonces la matriz adjunta de A es:
−𝟏𝟔 −𝟏𝟐 𝟑
𝑴𝑨 = | −𝟕 −𝟒 𝟏|
𝟒 𝟑 −𝟐
𝑦
tan 0 =
𝑥
4
𝜃𝑈 = tan−1
2
𝜃𝑈 = tan−1 (2) = 63.43
−2
𝜃𝑉 = tan−1
−1
𝜃𝑉 = tan−1 (2) = 63.43
𝑈 + 𝑉 = (2 + (−1)), (4 + (−2))
𝑈 + 𝑉 = (1,2)
𝑈 − 𝑉 = (2 − (−1)), (4 − (−2)
𝑈 − 𝑉 = (3,6)
b. Producto escalar de 𝑈 ∗ 𝑉
𝑈 ∗ 𝑉 = (2,4) ∗ (−1, −2)
𝑈 ∗ 𝑉 = (2 ∗ (−1)) + (4 ∗ (−2))
𝑈 ∗ 𝑉 = −10
c. El Angulo entre los vectores 𝑈, 𝑉
𝑈 ∗ 𝑉 = −10
|𝑉 | = 𝑟√(−1)2 + (−2)2
𝑟 = √1 + 4
𝑟 = √5 = 2.23
𝑈∗𝑉
cos 0 =
|𝑈 | ∗ |𝑉 |
−10
cos 0 =
√20 ∗ √5
−10
cos 0 =
√100
−10
cos 0 =
10
0 = cos −1 (−1)
0 = 180°
2. dadas las matrices:
4 −1 1 4 3
3 5
𝐴= 𝐵=5 0 𝐶=4 1 −2
1 4
4 2 6 2 0
Calcule si es posible:
a. C*B*A
C*B
1 4 3 4 −2
𝐶 = |4 1 −2| 𝐵 = |5 0|
6 −2 0 4 2
36 4
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12|
14 −12
𝐶∗𝐵∗𝐴
36 4
3 5|
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |13 −12| 𝐴=|
1 4
14 −12
112 196
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = | 27 17 |
30 22
b. det|𝐶 | ∗ det|𝐴| ∗ 𝐵
1 4 3 1 4
𝐶 = |4 1 −2 4 1|
6 −2 0 6 −2
= [(1 ∗ 1 ∗ 0) + (4 ∗ −2 ∗ 6) + (3 ∗ 4 ∗ −2)] − [(6 ∗ 1 ∗ 3) + (−2 ∗ −2 ∗ 1) +
(0 ∗ 4 ∗ 4)]
= −72 − (22) = −94
|𝐶 | = −94
3 5| [
𝐴=| = 3 ∗ 4] − [ 1 ∗ 5] = 7
1 4
|𝐴 | = 7
(−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 4) (−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 2)
|𝐶 | ∗ |𝐴| ∗ 𝐵 = |(−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 5) (−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 0)|
(−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 4) (−94 ∗ 7 ∗ 2)
−2632 1316
|𝐶 | ∗ |𝐴| ∗ 𝐵 = |−3290 0 |
−2632 −1316
c. 𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴
1 4 3 4 −2
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = |4 1 −2| ∗ |5 𝑂 |
6 −2 0 4 2
((1 ∗ 4) + (4 ∗ 5) + (3 ∗ 4)) ((1 ∗ −2) + (4 ∗ 0) + (3 ∗ 2))
= | ((4 ∗ 4) + (1 ∗ 5) ∗ (−2 ∗ 4)) ((4 ∗ −2) + (1 ∗ 0) + (−2 ∗ 2))|
((6 ∗ 4) + (−2 ∗ 5) + (0 ∗ 4)) ((6 ∗ 2) + (2 ∗ 0) + (0 ∗ 2))
36 4
= |13 −12|
14 −12
4 −2
3 5|
𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |5 0 | ∗ |
1 4
4 2
((4 ∗ 3) + (−2 ∗ 1)) ((4 ∗ 5) + (−2 ∗ 4))
= | ((5 ∗ 3) + (0 ∗ 1)) ((5 ∗ 5) + (0 ∗ 4)) |
((4 ∗ 3) + (2 ∗ 1)) ((4 ∗ 5) + (2 ∗ 4))
10 12
= |15 25|
14 28
36 4 10 12 (36 + 10) (4 + 12)
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |13 −12| + |15 25| = |(13 + 15) (−12 + 25 |
14 −12 14 28 (14 + 14) (−12 + 28)
46 16
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 + 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = |28 13|
28 16
3. Sea la matriz:
1 2 −1
𝐴 = |3 4 0|
0 1 −4
Halle:
a. Determinate.
1 2 −1 1 2
𝐴 = |3 4 0 |3 4
0 1 4 0 1
𝑑 = [(1 ∗ 4 ∗ −4) + (2 ∗ 0 ∗ 0) + (−1 ∗ 3 ∗ 1)]
−[(0 ∗ 4 ∗ −1) + (1 ∗ 0 ∗ 1) + (−4 ∗ 3 ∗ 2)] = −19 − (−24)
𝑑𝑒𝑡 = 5
𝐹2 = 3𝐹1 − 𝐹2 =
1 2 −1 1 0 0
|0 2 −3| |3 −1 0|
0 1 −4 0 0 1
𝐹2 = 𝐹2 − 𝐹3 =
1 2 −1 1 0 0
|0 1 1 | |3 −1 −1|
0 1 −4 0 0 1
𝐹1 = 2𝐹2 − 𝐹1 =
−1 0 3 5 −2 −2
| 0 1 1 | |3 −1 −1|
0 1 −4 0 0 1
𝐹3 = 𝐹3 − 𝐹2 =
−1 0 3 5 −2 −2
|0 1 1 | | 3 −1 −1|
0 0 −5 −3 1 2
1
𝐹3 = 𝐹3 =
5
5 −2 −2
−1 0 3
3 −1 −1
|0 1 1 || 3 1 2|
0 0 −1 −
5 5 5
𝐹1 = 3𝐹3 + 𝐹1 =
16 7 4
− −
−1 0 0 5 5 5
|0 1 1 | || 3 −1 −1 ||
0 0 −1 3 1 2
−
5 5 5
𝐹2 = 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 =
16 7 4
− −
5 5 5
−1 0 0 | 12 4 3|
|0 1 0| − −
0 0 −1 | 5 5 5|
3 1 2
−
5 5 5
4 0 3 0 3 4
𝐴11 | | = −16 𝐴12 | | = −12 𝐴13 | |=3
1 −4 0 −4 0 1
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
𝐴21 | | = −7 𝐴22 | | = −4 𝐴23 | |=1
1 −4 0 −4 0 1
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
𝐴31 | | = 4 𝐴32 | | = −3 𝐴33 | | = −2
4 0 3 0 3 4
−16 −(−12) 3
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = |−(7) −4 −(1)|
4 −(−3) −2
−16 12 3
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = | −7 −4 −1|
4 3 −2
𝑑𝐵𝑃 = 𝑑𝐶𝑃
2 2
(√(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 ) = (√(𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 )
( 𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 36 = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 36
−10𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 61 = 8𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 52
−10𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 12𝑦 + 61 − 52 = 0
−18𝑥 + 9 = 0
−𝟗
𝒙= = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝑬𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐
−𝟏𝟖
𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 2 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
𝟏𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓
16(0.5) − 22𝑦 − 27 = 0
−8 + 27
𝑦=
−22
𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟖 𝑬𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟑
Las coordenadas del punto P son P= (0.5, 0.8)
Danys Jesús Mendivelso
Halle:
𝑈 = 2𝑖 + 4𝑗
𝑢 = √(2)2 + (4)2
𝑢 = √4 + 16
𝑢 = √20
𝑢 = 4,4
4
𝑡𝑔∅ = =2
2
∅ tan−1 (2) = 63°
𝑉 = (−𝑖 − 2𝑗)
𝑣 = √(−1)2 + (−2)2
𝑣 = √1 + 4
𝑣 = √5
𝑣 = 2,2
2
𝑡𝑔∅ = − = −2
1
∅ tan−1 (2) = 63°
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (2𝑖 + 4) + (−𝑖 − 2)
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (2𝑖 + 𝑖 ) + (4 − 2)
𝑢 + 𝑣 = (1𝑖 + 2𝑗)
vector resta u-v
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (2𝑖 − 4𝑗) − (−𝑖 − 2)
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (2𝑖 + 𝑖 ) + (4𝑗 + 2𝑗)
𝑢 − 𝑣 = (3𝑖 + 6𝑗)
4 −2 1 4 3
3 5|
𝐴=| 𝐵 = |5 0| 𝐶 = |4 1 −2|
1 4
4 2 6 −2 0
Calcule si es posible:
a) C.B.A:
1 4 3 4 −2
3 5|
𝐶 = |4 1 −2| 𝐵 = |5 0| 𝐴=|
1 4
6 −2 0 4 2
C=3*3; b=3*2;a=2*2
1 ∗ 4 + 4 ∗ 5 + 3 ∗ 4 1 ∗ (−2) + 4 ∗ 0 + 3 ∗ 2
(4 ∗ 4 + 1 ∗ 5 + (−2) ∗ 4 4 (−2) + 1 ∗ 0 + (−2) + 2)
6 ∗ 4 + (−2) ∗ 5 + 0 ∗ 4 6(−2) + (−2) ∗ 0 + 0 ∗ 2
36 4
(13 − 12)
14 − 12
3 5
( )
1 4
36 ∗ 3 + 4 ∗ 1 36 ∗ 5 + 4 ∗ 4 112 196
( 13 ∗ 3 + (−12) ∗ 1 13 ∗ 5(−12) ∗ 4 ) = ( 27 17 )
14 ∗ 3 + (−12) ∗ 1 14 ∗ 5 + (−12) ∗ 4 30 22
b) DET(C)*DET(A)*B
1 4 3
3 5 4 −2
𝐷𝐸𝑇 (4 1 − 2) ∗ 𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( ) ∗ (5 0)
6 −2 0 1 4
4 2
1 4 3
𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( 1 − 2)
4
6 −2 0
1 −2 4 −2 4 1
= 1 ∗ 𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( ) − 4 ∗ 𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( 6 0 ) + 3 ∗ 𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( )
−2 0 6 −2
3 5 4 −2
= (−94)𝐷𝐸𝑇 ( ) ∗ (5 0 )
1 4
4 2
3 5
DET ( )=3∗4−1∗1 =7
1 4
4 − 2 −2632 1316
= (−94) ∗ 7 ( 5 0 ) ( −3290 0)
4 2 −2632 − 1316
c) C*B+B*A
1 4 3
4 −2 4 −2 3 5
(4 1 − 2) ∗ ( 5 0 ) + ( 5 0 ) + ( )
6 −2 0 1 4
4 2 4 2
1 4 3
4 −2
C ∗ B = ( 1 − 2) ∗ ( 5 0 )
4
6 −2 0
4 2
36 ∗ 3 + 4 ∗ 1 36 ∗ 5 + 4 ∗ 4 36 4
𝐶 ∗ 𝐵 = ( 13 ∗ 3 + (−12) ∗ 1 13 ∗ 5(−12) ∗ 4 ) = ( 13 − 12 )
14 ∗ 3 + (−12) ∗ 1 14 ∗ 5 + (−12) ∗ 4 14 − 12
4 −2 3 5 4 ∗ 3 + (−2) ∗ 1 4 ∗ 5(−2) + 4 10 12
𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 (5 0) ∗ ( )=( 5∗5+0∗1 5 ∗ 5 + 0 ∗ 4 ) = (15 25)
1 4
4 2 4∗3+2+1 4∗5+2∗4 14 28
3. Sea la matriz:
1 2 −1
𝐴 = (3 4 0)
0 1 −4
Halle:
a) Calculo determinante
1 2 −1
3 4 0
|0 1 − 4|
| |
1 2 −1
3 4 0
= (−16 − 3 + 0) − (−24 + 0 + 0)
= (−19) − (−24)
= −19 + 24
=5
1 4 −𝑎
= 3 𝑎 ( ( )
𝑑𝑒𝑡(−𝑏 4
) − −𝑏) 3
Calcular la determinante.
𝑎 𝑏
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ( ) = 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐
𝑐 𝑑
1 4 −𝑎
= ( )
12 + 𝑎𝑏 (−𝑏) 3
4 𝑎
−
12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
1 4 −𝑎 𝑏 3
= ( )= 12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
12 + 𝑎𝑏 (−𝑏) 3
( )
3 𝑎
𝐴=| |
−𝑏 4
Inversa de la matriz.
4 𝑎
12 + 𝑎𝑏 − 12 + 𝑎𝑏
𝑏 3
12 + 𝑎𝑏 12 + 𝑎𝑏
( )
CONCLUSIONES