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Capítulo 3
• FILTRO.
• CARGAS.
o CARGA 1.
o CARGA 2.
o CARGA 3.
3.2 Cálculos.
3.2.1 Filtro.
P = 500 kW
P = 3 ·VL · I L · cos ϕ
P 500000
IL = = = 760 A
3 ·VL · cos ϕ 3 · 420 · 0.95
di VDC ∆i V
• L· = − V primario (t ) ⇒ L · = DC
dt 2 ∆t 2
VDC · ∆t
• L= → {VDC = 640 V } ⇒ L ≈ 0.4 mH
2 · ∆i
P = 500 kW
P = 3 ·VL · I L · cos ϕ
P 500000
IL = = = 760 A
3 ·VL · cos ϕ 3 · 420 · 0.95
760
8 LÍNEAS : = 95 A
8
X
X ≈ 0.25 · R ⇒ L = = 7.686 ·10 −8 H / m
2πf
∆U 4
·100 = ·100 = 0.95 %
U 420
20000 N1
m= = 82.48 ; m= → N 1 = 82.48 · 50 = 4124
420 N2
3
S = 3 ·V L · I L
S2 1000 ·10 3
I 2L = = = 1374.64 A
3 V2 L 3· 420
S1 1000 ·10 3
I 1L = = = 28.86 A
3 V1L 3· 20000
Ensayo de vacío :
1700
P0 = V2 N · I 0 · cos ϕ 0 → cos ϕ 0 = = 0.3922
420
·17.87
3
420
V2 V2 3
RFe = = = = 34.6 Ω
I Fe I 0 · cos ϕ 0 17.87 · 0.3922
l = 0.6 m ; r = 0.07 m ; S = 0.0154 m 2
l 0.6
ℜ= → µ r = 500 ( Núcleo de hierro); →ℜ = = 62008.42 H −1
µ ·S 500 · 4 ·π ·10 · 0.0154
−7
−7 H
µ 0 = 4 · π ·10
m
N 2 · I 0 50 ·17.87
N ·i = ℜ ·Φ ⇒ Φ 0 = = = 0.0144 Wb
ℜ 62008.42
Ensayo de cortocircuito :
V2 ccL 6 · 420
ε cc = ·100 = 6 →V2 ccL = = 25.2 V
V2 N 100
25.2
V1ccF = m ·V2 ccF = 82.48 · =1200 V
3
Pcc 10500
Pcc = 3 ·V1ccL · I 1NL · cos ϕ cc ⇒ cos ϕ cc = = = 0.175
3·V1ccL · I 1NL 3 ·1200 · 28.86
senϕ cc = 0.9845
X cc
X cc = X 1 + X 2' ; X 1 = X 2' = = 35.45 Ω → L1 = 0.1128 H
2
X 2' 35.45
X2 = 2 = = 5.21 mΩ → L2 =16.58 uH
m 82.48 2
Cálculos:
VL = 20 kV LONG. = 2 km
P = 1 MW cos ϕ = 0.9
1·10 6
P = 3 VL · I L · cos ϕ ⇒ I L = = 32 A
3 20 ·10 3 · 0.9
Re sistencia R
1.03 1.03 Ω
Rca = = = 0.245
K Ts · S 28 ·150 km
Re ac tan cia X
Ω 0.123 H
− Catálago General Cable : X L = 0.123 ⇒L = = 3.915 ·10 −4
km 100·π km
− Tresbolillo
D
L ( H / km) = 2·10 −4 · ln 1.28 ·
R
13.9 mm
R= ; D = 30.9 mm; L = 3.477 ·10 − 4 H / km; X L = 2 · π · f · L = 0.109 Ω / km
2
uF
Catá log o General Cable : C = 0.179
km
LONG = 2 km
∆U Línea (V ) = 3 · 32 · 2 · (0.245 · 0.8 + 0.123 · 0.6) = 29.9 V < 100 V (0.5 %)
∆U 29.9
·100 = 100 = 0.15 %
U 20000
VL = 20 kV LONG. = 6 km
P = 3 MW cos ϕ = 0.9
3 ·10 3
P = 3 · I L ·V L · cos ϕ → IL = = 96.22 A
3· 20·10 3 ·0.9
LA110
Im ax. Adm = 313.4 A
S = 116.2 mm 2
R = 0.3066 Ω / km
D
L = 0.05 + 0.46 · ln 10 − 4 = 2.725 ·10 − 4
H
{D = 1904 mm, r = 5.67 mm }
r km
Ω
X L = 0.0856
km
LONG. = 6 km
e 312.52
x 100 = x 100 =1.56 %
V 20.000
66000 N1
m= = 5.715 ; m= → N 1 = 5.715 ·1088 = 6218
20000 N2
3
S = 3 ·V L · I L
S1 3000 ·10 3
I 1L = = = 26.24 A
3 V1L 3· 66000
S2 3000 ·10 3
I 2L = = = 86.6 A
3 V2 L 3 · 20000
Ensayo de vacío :
5100
P0 = V2 N · I 0 · cos ϕ 0 → cos ϕ 0 = = 0.1132
20000
·1.3
3
20000
V2 V2 3
RFe = = = = 78465.65 Ω
I Fe I 0 · cos ϕ 0 1.3 · 0.1132
l = 0.8 m ; r = 0.09 m ; S = 0.0254 m 2
l 0.8
ℜ= → µ r = 500 ( Núcleo de hierro); →ℜ = = 50127.54 H −1
µ ·S 500 · 4 · π ·10 · 0.0254
−7
H
µ 0 = 4 · π ·10 − 7
m
N2 · I0 50 ·1.3
N ·i = ℜ·Φ ⇒ Φ0 = = = 0.0129 Wb
ℜ 50127.54
Ensayo de cortocircuito :
V 2 ccL 8 · 20000
ε cc = ·100 = 8 → V 2 ccL = = 1600 V
V2 N 100
Pcc 31500
Pcc = 3 ·V1ccL · I 1NL · cos ϕ cc ⇒ cos ϕ cc = = = 0.1313
3·V1ccL · I 1 NL 3 · 5299.3 · 26.24
senϕ cc = 0.9913
X cc
X cc = X 1 + X 2' ; X 1 = X 2' = =173.385 Ω → L1 = 0.552 H
2
X 2' 173.385
X2 = = = 5.3085 Ω → L2 = 0.0169 H
m 2 5.715 2
3.2.7 Cargas.
3.2.7.1 Carga 1.
P = 0.8 MW
VL = 20 kV
cos ϕ = 0.87
Conexión en estrella
0.8 ·10 6
P = 3 ·VL · I L · cos ϕ → I L = = 26.545 A
3·20 ·10 3 · 0.87
P 0.8 ·10 6
P = 3· R · I 2 → R = = ≈ 378 Ω
3 · I 2 3 · 26.545 2
Z = R + jX ; tgϕ = 0.567;
Q
tgϕ =
P
Q 453600
Q = 3 · X L · I F2 ⇒ X L = 2
= ≈ 214.44 Ω
3· I F 3 · 26.545 2
XL 214.44
L= = ≈ 0.6826 H
2 · π · f 2 · π · 50
3.2.7.2 Carga 2.
P = 0.2 MW
VL = 20 kV
cos ϕ = 0.87
Conexión en estrella
0.2 ·10 6
P = 3 ·VL · I L · cos ϕ → I L = = 6.64 A
3·20 ·10 3 · 0.87
P 0.2 ·10 6
P = 3· R · I 2 → R = = ≈1514 Ω
3 · I 2 3 · 6.64 2
Z = R + jX ; tgϕ = 0.567;
Q
tgϕ =
P
Q 113400
Q = 3 · X L · I F2 ⇒ X L = 2
= ≈ 857.35 Ω
3· I F 3 · 6.64 2
XL 857.35
L= = ≈ 2.73 H
2 · π · f 2 · π · 50
3.2.7.3 Carga 3.
P = 1.5 MW
VL = 20 kV
cos ϕ = 0.87
Conexión en estrella
1.5 ·10 6
P = 3 ·VL · I L · cos ϕ → I L = = 49.77 A
3·20 ·10 3 · 0.87
P 1.5 ·10 6
P = 3· R · I 2 → R = = ≈ 202 Ω
3 · I 2 3 · 49.77 2
Z = R + jX ; tgϕ = 0.567;
Q
tgϕ =
P
Q 850500
Q = 3 · X L · I F2 ⇒ X L = 2
= ≈114.45 Ω
3· I F 3 · 49.77 2
XL 114.45
L= = ≈ 0.3643 H
2 · π · f 2 · π · 50
3.2.7.4 Carga 4.
P = 0.8 MW
VL = 20 kV
cos ϕ = 0.98
Conexión en estrella
0.8 ·10 6
P = 3 ·VL · I L · cos ϕ → I L = = 23.56 A
3·20 ·10 3 · 0.98
P 0.8 ·10 6
P = 3· R · I → R =
2
= ≈ 480 Ω
3 · I 2 3 · 23.56 2
Z = R + jX ; tgϕ = 0.2030;
Q
tgϕ =
P
Q 162400
Q = 3 · X L · I F2 ⇒ X L = 2
= ≈ 97.52 Ω
3· I F 3 · 23.56 2
XL 97.52
L= = ≈ 0.3104 H
2 · π · f 2 · π · 50
INPUT
Gate
OUTPUT
Rigbt
VAR
Ron[1..31]
Roff[1..19]
Rigbt
tup
toff
n
m
up
down
dt
INIT
Ron[1]:=1000
Ron[2]:=530
Ron[3]:=260
Ron[4]:=170
Ron[5]:=100
Ron[6]:=65
Ron[7]:=39
Ron[8]:=26
Ron[9]:=18
Ron[10]:=14
Ron[11]:=11
Ron[12]:=9
Ron[13]:=7
Ron[14]:=5.6
Ron[15]:=4.6
Ron[16]:=3.9
Ron[17]:=3.2
Ron[18]:=2.3
Ron[19]:=1.4
Ron[20]:=1.18
Ron[21]:=0.86
Ron[22]:=0.61
Ron[23]:=0.43
Ron[24]:=0.36
Ron[25]:=0.27
Ron[26]:=0.18
Ron[27]:=0.09
Ron[28]:=0.06
Ron[29]:=0.03
Ron[30]:=0.02
Ron[31]:=0.01
Roff[1]:=0.24
Roff[2]:=1.01
Roff[3]:=2.18
Roff[4]:=3.87
Roff[5]:=6.43
Roff[6]:=10.08
Roff[7]:=18.34
Roff[8]:=27.62
Roff[9]:=41.71
Roff[10]:=56.23
Roff[11]:=83.67
Roff[12]:=101.09
Roff[13]:=117.34
Roff[14]:=193.11
Roff[15]:=312.26
Roff[16]:=487.38
Roff[17]:=743.86
Roff[18]:=1822.76
Roff[19]:=100000000
Rigbt:=100000000
tup:=0
toff:=0
up:=0
down:=0
ENDINIT
EXEC
dt:=timestep
tup:=t
up:=1
down:=0
ENDIF
n:=(t-tup)/dt+1
IF n<=31 THEN
Rigbt:=Ron[n]
ELSE
Rigbt:=Ron[31]
ENDIF
ENDIF
toff:=t
down:=1
up:=0
ENDIF
m:=(t-toff)/dt+1
IF m<=19 THEN
Rigbt:=Roff[m]
ELSE
Rigbt:=Roff[19]
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDEXEC
ENDMODEL