Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
323
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Tratamiento de Agua
de Formacin
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
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325
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
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326
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
INICIO
Drenaje de agua
en tanques
Inyeccin qumica
clarificante
Separacin en
separadores API
Separacin en
Tanques
desnatadores
Separacin Inducida
Filtracin
Almacenamiento
Crudo
en agua en NO
especificacin
si
Bombeo
FIN
NOTAS:
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327
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
9 SEPARACION MECNICA:
Separadores API, separadores de placas paralelas
y separadores de placas corrugadas.
Tanques desnatadores
NOTAS:
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328
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
SEPARACION TERCIARIA:
Remocin del contenido slidos suspendidos y disueltos
y gases cidos.
9FILTRACIN:
9 DESAEREACIN:
Separacin mecnica.
Separacin Qumica.
COPYRIGHT@ RESET C.A 2006
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329
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Inyeccin de
qumica clarificante UNIDADES
API FOSA
. . .. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . DE CARGA
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agua . .. .. . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .
.
.. .
. .. . . .. . . . . .
drenada FOSA
PRIMARIA
.
FOSA
Hacia entrada de RECOLECCION UNIDADES
produccin DE CRUDO DESNATADORAS
UNIDADES DE
FLOTACION
UNIDADES DE
FILTRACION
Inyeccin de
FOSA
DE BOMBEO qumica clarificante
Agua tratada . .
.
. . SISTEMA DE
DESAEREACIN
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330
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
SISTEMA GENERAL PROCESO DE CLARIFICACIN
TRATAMIENTO PRIMARIO
SEPARADORES API
Unidades mecnicas destinadas para la separacin del Crudo
separado por la accin de qumica clarificante, mediante la
aplicacin de un tiempo suficiente de reposo, el cual permite la
decantacin del crudo (hacia la superficie) y la sedimentacin de los
slidos suspendidos en el fondo del mismo.
Salida
de
agua
Agua
cruda
Crudo
recuperado
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331
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
SEPARADORES API
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332
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
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333
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
NOTAS:
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334
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
C
B
F F
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335
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
NOTAS:
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336
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
NOTAS:
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337
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
PLACAS CORRUGADAS
NOTAS:
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338
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Entrada Crudo
De recuperado
agua
Salida
De
LAMINA INFERIOR DE SEPARACION
agua
NOTAS:
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339
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
SISTEMAS DE FLOTACION
Unidades mecnicas
destinadas para inducir
mediante la inyeccin de
aire o gas, la flotacin de
las partculas de
crudo de poco tamao, a
fin de logras llevarlas a
la superficie y aglomerarlas
para su recoleccin.
NOTAS:
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340
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
NOTAS:
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341
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
C o n te n id o d e
c ru d o e n (5 0 - 100) (5 0 - 100) (5 0 - 200) (1 0 - 50)
e flu e n te
E fe c to d e lo s
s o lid o s en la
e fic ie n c ia d e N o a fe c ta N o a fe c ta
su re m o c i n
d e l c ru d o
R e q u e rim ie n t
N o a p lic a (0 ,0 5 -0 ,1 )m 3 s t /m 3 a g u a
o s d e G as
S e n s ib ilid a d a
tu rb u le n c ia e n C o n d ic io n e s d e f lu jo c o n s ta n te s C o n d ic io n e s d e f lu jo c o n s ta n te s
o p e ra c i n
A d itiv o s N o re q u ie re
Tomado del manual:Deshidratacin de crudo y Tratamento de aguas efluentes,Autor Ender Aez, PDVSA, 1998.
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342
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
FOSA
Hacia entrada de RECOLECCION UNIDADES
produccin DE CRUDO DESNATADORAS
UNIDADES DE
FLOTACION
UNIDADES DE
FILTRACION
Inyeccin de
FOSA
DE BOMBEO qumica clarificante
Agua tratada . .
.
. . SISTEMA DE
DESAEREACIN
NOTAS:
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343
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
NOTAS:
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344
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
ENTRADA
ENTRADA
DISTRIBUIDOR
ANTRACITA
ARENA
SISTEMA GRANATE
COLECTOR
CONCRETO
SALIDA
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345
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
VACIO
SALIDA
AGUA
NOTAS:
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346
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
NOTAS:
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347
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
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348
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
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349
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
NOTAS:
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350
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Pruebas de Jarra
Mezcla Rpida
0,5 a 3 minutos y entre 80 a 150 rpm.
Mezcla Lenta
3 a 10 minutos y entre 30 a 60 rpm.
Sedimentacin
5-30 minutos y entre 0 a 20 rpm.
COPYRIGHT@ RESET C.A 2006
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351
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Proceso de Clarificacin
Diagrama Causa - Efecto
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352
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Deficiencia tratamiento
Inefic. producto
clarificante
Baja dosis de
tratamiento Inef.
Productos
Bajo rend. Inef. producto quimico
Prod. floculante
quimicos Reemulsin Obstruccion Bombas
por exceso Dosif. sediment Tqs
Tratam.
Hurtos
Lote fuera de especif, Fallas
Baja calidad Sist.
Falta mant.
Prod. quimicos boquillas inyeccion
Decantacion quimico Fallas
en tanque dosificador aun elect. o gas Alto
aprobado C/Calidad combustible % crudo
en agua
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353
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Infraest. inadec.
Coaguladores, Sistemas de
Floculadores induccion
Falta
Limp. Arrastre
Separadores API equipos interfase de
tanque Hacia
sist. De clarif.
Recoleccin
inad. De
Iny. Quim. por goteo los
Saturacin con
sistemas
Baja crudo de
coalescencia equipos de sep.
Deficiencia en el
Inad. ubic. Alto
ptos inyecc. trat. deshidratante
% crudo
en agua
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354
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Recurso Humano
Falla Comunic.
sobre cambios
sistema
No encend. iny. refuerzo
posterior eventual.
Inad. control/ajustes
dosis de tratamiento
Falta de
Adiestramiento
Alto
% crudo
en agua
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Alto
% crudo
Dismin. de
Bajo Capac. reposo Ineficiencia iny. en agua
tiempo Aire-gas
Reposo
en equipos
separacion Baja
Increm. recoleccion
Varios
produccion en equipos de
tanques
drenando Induccion por
Mantenim. por gas-aire
simultaneamente
Increm. equipos de
Volumen separacion Excesiva
Mant. sistemas
agua formacin
de recoleccin
a tratar de espuma
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356
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Alto
% crudo
Inadec. toma de (condiciones de simulacin en agua
muestra (niveles) no actualizadas), Variacin
Inad. parmetros operac. Y
aforo propiedades del crudo
en tqs
Aplicacin Propi.
Temperatura agua
metodo
agua
tramitancia Uso Tiempo
Elaboracin solvente Dosis de reposo
Curvas de
simulacin Inadec.
calibracin
Contol Cal.
Falla a productos
determ. qumicos
Determ.
crudo en nica de Inad. realizacin
agua conc. De pruebas de jarra
Calibracin Inad. rompe-
activos
de equipos emulsin
Inef. Mtodos
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
Agentes Incorp.
emulsionantes aguas Lavado
Acidificacion Solidos fosa a prod. pozos
de pozos provenientes
del crudo Alto
separado aporte
Incorp. sedimentos
Otros Recuperacion
crudos fosas
Estabilidad de emulsiones
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358
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
EMULSIONES INVERSAS
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