ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggvalen

te de la excavacin;
De = luz librggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggge (ancho o alto del
tnel) / ESR
donde:
ESR est valorado para diferentes tipos de excavacin:

- Excavacin temporal para minera ESR = 3 a 5

- Excavacin minera permanente, tneles de aduccin de agua
(excepto tnel a presin), tnel piloto ESR = 1.6
- Tneles menores para camino o ferrocarril, tnel de acceso ESR = 1.3
- Central hidroelctrica, tneles importantes para carretera o ferrocarril ESR = 1.0
- Central nuclear subterrnea, estacin de ferrocarril, fbricas ESR = 0.8

3 Longitud de los clavos:

L = (2 + 0.15 b) / ESR (m)

rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrb) Mtodo de Bieniawski.-
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRUJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

Para el clculo de la carga actuante sobre el tnel, recomienda usar la siguiente frmula:
Altura de la carga de roca en el techo:

Hp = ((100 - RMR) / 100) b

Carga equivalente sobre el techo:

PV = Hp g

donde: b = ancho del tnel (m)

g = peso especfico de la roca (ton/m3)