1 6 -4 A P ltC A C I N 0 5 1 M T O D O 0 5 L A R 1G I052 P A R A 5 L A N LISIS D 5 M A R C O S

EJEMPLO 1 6 .2

D e t e r m i n e la s c a r g a s e n lo s e x t r e m o s d e c a d a e l e m e n t o d e la e s t r u c
t u r a q u e s e m u e s tr a e n la f ig u r a 1 6 -5 a . C o n s id e r e q u e / = 6 0 0 p u l g 4, 3 k /p ie
A = 1 2 p u lg 2 y E = 2 9 (1 0 3 ) k s i p a r a c a d a e le m e n to .
rmrm
S O L U C I N
15 p ie s

N o ta c i n . P a r a l le v a r a c a b o u n a n lis is m a t r ic ia l. la c a r g a d i s t r i
b u id a q u e a c t a s o b r e e l e le m e n t o h o r i z o n t a l s e r r e e m p la z a d a p o r
m o m e n to s y fu e r z a s c o r t a n t e s e q u iv a le n t e s e n lo s e x tr e m o s c a lc u la
d o s c o n b a s e e n la e s t tic a y e n la t a b la q u e s e e n c u e n tr a e n e l in t e r io r
d e la c o n tr a p o r ta d a . ( T e n g a e n c u e n ta q u e n o h a y n in g u n a fu e r z a e x
le r n a d e 3 0 k o m o m e n t o d e 1 2 0 0 k . p u lg u b ic a d o s e n p u e s to q u e
t a s r e a c c io n e s e n lo s n m e r o s d e c d ig o 8 y 9 d e b e n s e r d e s c o n o c id o s
e n l a m a t r iz d e c a r g a .) D e s p u s , m e d ia n te s u p e r p o s ic i n , lo s r e s u lta
d o s o b te n id o s p a r a e l m a r c o d e la f ig u r a 1 6 -5 b s e m o d if ic a r n p a ra
e s te e l e m e n t o c o n b a s e e n la s c a r g a s m o s t r a d a s e n la f ig u r a 1 6 -5 c .
C o m o s e m u e s t r a e n la f ig u r a 1 6 - 5 6 , lo s n o d o s y lo s e le m e n t o s e s t n
n u m e r a d o s y e l o r ig e n d e l s is t e m a d e c o o r d e n a d a s g lo b a le s s e c o lo c a
e n e l n o d o <5. C o m o d e c o s t u m b r e , l o s n m e r o s d e c d i g o s e e s p e c i f i
c a n c o n n m e r o s a s ig n a d o s p r i m e r o a lo s g r a d o s d e l ib e r t a d n o r e s
t r in g id o s . P o r lo t a n t o .

0 4

0 5
o
0 6
D * = Q * = -3 0
0 7
-1 2 0 0 0
0 8
(b )
0 9

+
M a tr iz d e r ig id e z d e la e s tr u c tu ra
3 k /i
E l e m e n t o 1:

A E 1 2 ( 2 9 ( 1 0 , )1
1 1 6 0 k / p u lg J r (3 )(2 0 )* - 1 0 0 k pie*'l) p,<* 1 0 0 k p ie
L 2 5 (1 2 )
(1200 k p u lg ) <1200 k p u lg )

127 1 2 ( 2 9 ( 1 0 3) | 6 0 0
7 .7 3 k / p u lg (c)
O [2 5 (1 2 )J 3

6EI 6 [ 2 9 ( 1 0 3 )J 6 0 0
1160 k
[2 5 ( 1 2 )]2

AE1 4 |2 9 ( 1 0 3 )1 6 0 0
2 3 2 { 1 0 3 ) k p u lg
L 2 5 (1 2 )

2E l 2 |2 9 ( 1 0 3 )J 6 0 0
116{ 103 ) k p u lg
L 2 5 (1 2 )

2 0 - 0
A , 0 .6
= 25 = 0 '8 A' 25
6 0 6 C a p i t u l o 1 6 A n l i s i s d e m a r c o s p l a n o s u t i l i z a n o o e l m t o d o d e l a r i g i d e z

EJEMPLO 1 6 .2 ( C o n tin u a c i n )

A l a p li c a r la e c u a c i n 1 6 - 1 0 , s e t ie n e

4 5 6 1 2 3
7 4 5 .1 8 5 5 3 .0 9 -6 9 6 -7 4 5 .1 8 -5 5 3 .0 9 -6 9 6 4

5 5 3 .0 9 4 2 2 .5 5 928 -5 5 3 .0 9 -4 2 2 .5 5 928 5
- m 928 2 3 2 (1 0 3) 696 -9 2 8 1 1 6 ( 10 3) 6

-7 4 5 .1 8 -5 5 3 .0 9 696 7 4 5 .1 8 5 5 3 .0 9 696 1
-5 5 3 .0 9 -4 2 2 .5 5 -9 2 8 5 5 3 .0 9 4 2 2 .5 5 -9 2 8 2

-6 9 6 928 1 1 6 (1 0 3) 696 -9 2 8 2 3 2 ( 1 0 ') . 3

E le m e n to 2 :

A E 1 2 [ 2 9 ( 1 0 3 )J
1 4 5 0 lc /p u lg
L 2 0 (1 2 )

12 E l 1 2 [ 2 9 ( 1 0 ') ] 6 0 0
= 1 5 .1 0 k / p u lg
O (2 0 (1 2 )]3

6E l 6 [ 2 9 ( l ') ] 6 0 0
= 1 8 1 2 .5 0 k
Lz [2 0 (1 2 )]?

4EI 4 J 2 9 ( 1 0 3 )J 6 0 0
= 2 .9 0 ( 1 0 5 ) k p u lg
L 2 0 (1 2 )

1EI 2 [ 2 9 ( 1 0 3) ] 6 0 0
= L 4 5 1 0 3) k p u lg
L [2 0 (1 2 )]

4 0 - 2 0 15 - 15
A, 0
20 7 20

f \ > r lo t a n t o , la e c u a c i n 16-10 s e c o n v ie r te e n

1 2 3 7 8 9

1450 0 0 -1 4 5 0 0 0 1
0 1 5 .1 0 1 8 1 2 .5 0 0 -1 5 .1 0 1 8 1 2 .5 0 2

0 1 8 1 2 .5 0 2 9 0 ( 1 0 ') 0 -1 8 1 2 .5 0 1 4 5 (1 0 3) 3

-1 4 5 0 0 0 1450 0 0 7

0 -1 5 .1 0 -1 8 1 2 .5 0 0 1 5 .1 0 -1 8 1 2 .5 0 8

0 1 8 1 2 .5 0 1 4 5 (1 0 3 ) 0 -1 8 1 2 .5 0 2 9 0 ( 1 0 ') _ 9
 1 6 -4 A P L IC A C I N 0 5 1 M T O D O 0 5 L A R lG lO EZ P A R A 5 L A N LISIS D 5 M A R C O S 607

L a m a tr iz d e r ig id e z d e la e s tr u c tu r a , in c lu id a e n Q = KD , se c o n
v ie r te e n

1 I 3 4 5 6 7 8 8

0 ~ 21*5.18 553.0 m -7 4 5 .1 8 -5 5 3 .0 6 96 -1 4 5 0 0 0 D.
-3 0 553.0 437.65 884.5 -5 5 3 .0 -4 2 1 5 5 -9 2 8 0 - 15.10 181250 Ih
-1 2 0 0 646 804.5 2 ( 1 0 ') 6 928 nodo* 0
.......
181250 t>

(? . -7 4 5 .1 8 -5 5 3 0 8 66 745.18 55X 0 696 0 0 0

Q, - 553.0 422.55 828 553.09 42255 878 0 0 0 0

C. (M -8 2 8 1 1 6 (1 0 ') -0 8 6 828 232(1#*) 0 0 0 0

-1 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1450 0 0 0
O
0 - 1 5 .1 0 - 1 8 1 2 .5 0 0 0 0 0 15.10 -1 8 1 2 5 0 0
<?.
0 .-
0 1812.50 145J101) 0 0 0 0 -1 8 1 2 5 0 2 9 0 (1 0 ^ . -

D e s p la z a m ie n to s y c a rg a s . S i s e e x p a n d e p a r a d e t e r m in a r lo s d e s
p la z a m ie n t o s , y s e r e s u e lv e , r e s u lt a

o' " 2 1 9 5 .1 8 5 5 3 .0 9 696 _0 > ' "o "

-3 0 = 5 5 3 .0 9 4 3 7 .6 5 8 8 4 .5 0 2 + 0

.-1 2 0 0 . 696 8 8 4 .5 5 2 2 (1 0 *) _ _ 0 3 . _o

'0 . ' 0 .0 2 4 7 p u lg "

02 = - 0 . 0 9 5 4 p u lg

_03_ _ -0 .0 0 2 1 7 ra d _

A p a r t i r d e e s to s r e s u lt a d o s , la s r e a c c io n e s e n lo s s o p o r t e s s e d e t e r
m in a n c o n b a s e e n la e c u a c i n ( 1 ) d e la s ig u ie n t e m a n e r a :

Q4 "-7 4 5 .1 8 -5 5 3 .0 9 -6 9 6 " "o" 3 5 .8 5 k

Qs -5 5 3 .0 9 -4 2 2 .5 5 928
U .U Z 4 /
0 2 4 .6 3 k

Qt> m 696 -9 2 8 1 1 6 1 0 3 )
-0 .0 9 5 4 +
0 = -1 4 5 .9 9 k - p u lg

Qi -1 4 5 0 0 0
-0 .0 0 2 1 7
0 -3 5 .8 5 k

Qs 0 -1 5 .1 0 -1 8 1 2 .5 0 0 5 .3 7 k

_Q>. 0 1 8 1 2 .5 0 1 4 5 (1 0 3 ) _ _o_ _ - 4 8 7 . 6 0 k - p u lg
6 08 C a p i t u l o 1 6 A n l i s i s d e m a r c o s p l a n o s u t i l i z a n d o e l m t o d o d e l a r i g i d e z

EJEMPLO 1 6 .2 ( C o n tin u a c i n )

L a s c a rg a s in te r n a s pueden d e t e r m in a r s e d e s d e la e c u a c i n 1 6 -7
a p lic a d a a lo s e le m e n t o s 1 y 2 . E n e l c a s o d e l e l e m e n t o l , q =
d o n d e k s e d e t e r m i n a a p a r t i r d e l a e c u a c i n 1 6 - 1 y T i c o n b a s e e n la
e c u a c i n 1 6 -3 . P o r l o t a n t o .

4 5 6 1 2 3

<74 11 6 0 0 0 -1 1 6 0 0 o ' ' 0 .8 0 .6 0 0 0 o' 0 4

*75 0 7 .7 3 1160 0 - 7 .7 3 1160 -0 .6 0 .8 0 0 0 0 0 5

76 0 1160 2 3 2 (1 0 * ) 0 -1 1 6 0 1 1 6 (1 0 * ) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 6

<7i -1 1 6 0 0 0 1160 0 0 0 0 0 0 .8 0 .6 0 0 .0 2 4 7 1

*7? 0 -7 .7 3 -1 1 6 0 0 7 .7 3 -1 1 6 0 0 0 0 -0 .6 0 .8 0 -0 .0 9 5 4 2

.73. 0 1160 1 1 6 (1 0 * ) 0 -1 1 6 0 2 3 2 (1 0 * )_ 0 0 0 0 0 1 . _ -0 .0 0 2 1 7 _ 3

A q u lo s n m e r o s d e c d i g o i n d i c a n la s f i l a s y c o lu m n a s d e l o s e x t r e
m o s c e r c a n o y l e ja n o d e lo s e le m e n to s , r e s p e c t iv a m e n t e ; e s d e c ir . 4 . 5 .
6 , y d e s p u s 1 , 2 , 3 , f ig u r a 1 6 - 5 6 . E n to n c e s ,
ta ik

<1* 4 3 .5 k

75 -1 .8 1 k

<76
- 1 4 6 k p u lg
a R e sp .
</\ -4 3 .5 k

<12 1 .8 1 k

<d> .< 7 3 _ - 3 9 8 k p u lg

E s t o s r e s u lt a d o s s e m u e s t r a n e n la f ig u r a 1 6 - 5 d .
P a r a e l e le m e n t o 2 s e r e a liz a u n a n lis is s im ila r . L o s r e s u lt a d o s s e
m u e s tr a n e n la p a r t e iz q u ie r d a d e la f ig u r a 1 6 -5 e . P a r a e s te e le m e n to
e s n e c e s a r io s u p e r p o n e r la s c a r g a s d e la f i g u r a 1 6 - 5 c .d e m o d o q u e lo s
r e s u lta d o s f in a le s d e l e le m e n to s 2 s e m u e s tr a n a la d e r e c h a .

3 k /p ie 3 k /p ie
537 k 3 0 k r r r r r r n 3 0 k M .6 k | | | | | i | 13 5 . 4 k
8 0 2 3 k - p u lg

3 5 .8 5 k + I |___________________ I I = - 1 * 1 --------3 5 . 8 5 k
3 5 .8 5 k I I 3 5 .8 5 k
4 8 7 .6 k - p u lg 1 2 0 0 k - p u lg 1 2 0 0 k - p u lg 3 9 8 k - p u lg 1 6 8 8 k - p u lg
537 k

(e)
Figura 16-5