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Cosmos. Vistas desde la nave Tierra / Cosmos. Views from spaceship Earth
V I S TA S D E S D E L A N AV E T I E R R A
Cosmos. Views from spaceship Earth
Ayuntamiento de Granada
Diputacin Provincial de Granada
Universidad de Granada
Fundacin Caja Rural de Granada
Fundacin CajaGRANADA
Consejera de Empleo
Fondos FEDER
CATLOGO DE
LA EXPOSICIN
Cosmos. Vistas desde la nave Tierra
orilla csmica, un registro de los ecos que nos llegan, unas veces desde los cer- The Cosmos: Views from Spaceship Earth exhibition
canos mundos de nuestro Sistema Solar, otras desde regiones fuera de nuestra goes a little beyond that cosmic shoreline, offering an
insight into the echoes which reach us from beyond our
galaxia, plasmados en fotografas que nos ofrecen una perspectiva ampliada, own planet, sometimes from nearby worlds in our own
y reunidas en una exposicin, realizada ntegramente por la Sociedad Astro- Solar System, sometimes from regions beyond our own
nmica Granadina, con una clara vocacin didctica y divulgativa. galaxy. These echoes have been captured in photogra-
phic format, and the resulting photos have been brought
Para la obtencin de estas imgenes se han utilizado equipos y tcnicas muy together by the Granada Astronomy Society (Sociedad
Astronmica Granadina), to create an informative,
diversas, desde la fotografa tradicional en soporte qumico, hasta cmaras educational exhibition.
CCD astronmicas de ltima generacin, desde modestos telescopios semima-
The images on show have been captured using a wide
nuales, hasta los asistidos por ordenador, fotografa en el rango espectral del range of different equipment and techniques, from
visible o el filtrado en banda estrecha, etc., pero siempre desde la perspectiva traditional photography using chemical developing
del astrnomo amateur. techniques to the latest CCD astrophotography came-
ras, and from modest semi-automatic telescopes to
La muestra, compuesta en un principio por ms de 42 imgenes celestes, ser computer-assisted telescopes. The collection includes
photos taken in the visible spectrum as well as photos
llevada durante el 2009 por distintos centros e instituciones, como una de las taken using narrow band filtering techniques. However,
principales actividades de la Sociedad Astronmica Granadina cara al Ao one thing that all of the pictures have in common is that
Internacional de la Astronoma, complementada, siempre que sea posible, con they were all taken by amateur astronomers.
conferencias y salidas de observacin pblicas. The exhibition, which is initially made up of 42 celestial
images, will be shown in different centres and institu-
Un trabajo de esta ndole esconde detrs muchos aos de paciente observa- tions over the course of 2009, as one of the key activities
cin astronmica, noches en blanco, desplazamientos, fro para extraer, en carried out by the Granada Astronomy Society as part
of the International Year of Astronomy 2009. Wherever
las condiciones ms puras posibles, momentos perdidos en el espacio-tiempo, possible, complementary activities will be run alongsi-
que si son mirados adecuadamente, seguro nos acercarn, aunque solo sea un de the exhibition, such as talks and public outings to
poquito, al Cosmos. observe the stars.
Exhibition website
www.astrogranada.org/expo
COSMOS 6 VISTAS DESDE LA NAVE TIERRA COSMOS 7 VISTAS DESDE LA NAVE TIERRA
Pgina anterior
COSMOS 12 VISTAS DESDE LA NAVE TIERRA COSMOS 13 VISTAS DESDE LA NAVE TIERRA
Luna llena
Fotografa obtenida momentos antes del comienzo
del eclipse total de Luna del 3 de Marzo de 2007
En la foto podemos observar como en torno a los crteres lunares aparecen los
denominados "rayos": lneas rectas que parten del crter en forma radial.
Dichos rayos estn producidos por la cada del polvo lunar que se ha elevado
en la NO atmsfera, como consecuencia del impacto del blido que ha produ-
cido el crter.
Full Moon
In this photo, we can see what are known as rays around the lunar craters. These straight radial
streaks come out of the crater creating an effect not unlike the spokes of a bicycle wheel. Rays
are created by falling lunar dust which has risen up in the Moons non-atmosphere following the
impact of the projectile which created the crater
The Moon
Despite how it may seem, making out details on the surface of the full Moon (craters, mountains,
valleys, etc) is more complicated than doing so during other phases (except, of course, the new
Moon phase).
When light reaches the Moon from the side - in other words, when it is waxing or waning the
relief of different geographical landforms is easier to see, basically because of the shadows that
those landforms produce.
In these photos, we can clearly see how the areas between the lightest and darkest parts of the
Moon are those with the most obvious relief (which seems to vary depending on the angle of
incidence of the light). These areas are therefore the most useful when it comes to analysing the
Moons geography.
Waxing Moon
Picture of the surface of the Moon created using 40 digitally assembled photographs
Highly sensitive or expensive specialist equipment is usually required in order to take high resolu-
tion astronomical photographs. However, it is possible to take high resolution photographs using
normal cameras (compact digital cameras, or even webcams). To do this, you need to assemble
smaller, partial photographs of the object in question using a computer.
This process has been used to create the picture of the Moon shown here. This photograph is
actually made up of 40 smaller photographs taken with a normal compact digital camera and a
telescope. The photographer then rotated and moved the photographs and adjusted the bright-
ness of the images to create a high resolution final composition.
This sequence of photos shows how the Moon is gradually hidden by the Earths shadow during
the lunar eclipse. The intensity of the reddish colour seen at the maximum point of the eclipse
(when the Moon is completely covered by the Earths shadow) varies depending on the contents
of the Earths atmosphere at the time of the eclipse, especially if there has been an intense volca-
nic eruption, if there are large Saharan dust clouds, etc
Durante un eclipse total de Luna es usual que nuestro satlite presente un co-
lor rojizo. Dicho color depende directamente de las condiciones atmosfricas
en el momento del eclipse en la Tierra (polvo atmosfrico, nubes), ya que la
cantidad y color de la luz refractada por nuestra atmsfera hacia la Luna vara
dependiendo de dichos parmetros. Esto provoca que cada eclipse lunar pre-
sente unas condiciones de color e iluminacin distintas.
En la foto que se presenta se pueden distinguir con facilidad varias estrellas en
torno a la Luna eclipsada. Este hecho es especialmente difcil de captar puesto
que normalmente el intenso brillo de la Luna nos imposibilita distinguir las
estrellas -mucho ms dbiles- que la rodean.
Photograph taken at the point of maximum darkness during the total lunar eclipse
on the 3 rd of March 2007
It is normal for our Moon to look a reddish colour during a total lunar eclipse. The exact colour
directly depends on the atmospheric conditions on Earth at the moment the eclipse takes place
(atmospheric dust, clouds, etc..), as the quantity and colour of light refracted towards the Moon
by our atmosphere depends on these factors. This means that each lunar eclipse has different
characteristics in terms of colour and light.
In this photo, you can easily make out several stars around the eclipsed Moon. This detail is
particularly difficult to capture because the intense light given off by the Moon usually makes it
impossible to make out the (much less bright) stars that surround it.
Not many people know that comets can develop more than one tail
when their orbit takes them close to the Sun, and that those tails
can be of different types. Comet Hale-Bopp has been found to have
3 different tails.
In this photograph, you can clearly see two of the comets tails. The
blue one, which is formed by the comets gas emissions, is pointing
directly towards the Sun. The yellowish tail, which is made up of
dust, follows the curve of the comets orbit.
The comets third tail, which is much weaker and made up primarily
of sodium, is not visible in this photograph, as it appeared a few
months later when the comet got close to the Sun.
Cometa Hale-Bopp
Autor: Guido Montas Castillo
ptica: Objetivo de 50mm
Cmara: Rflex analgica
Tiempo de exposicin: 30 segundos
Pelcula: Fuji 800
Comet Hale-Bopp
Most comets have very eccentric elliptical orbits, and this means that they gradually get closer to
the Sun over a long period of time (several years). Unlike asteroids, comets are solid bodies made
up of materials which sublimate as they approach the Sun. When they get close enough to the
Sun, although still some distance away (between 5-10 AU), they develop an atmosphere which
envelops the nucleus. This is called the coma. This coma is made up of gas and dust. As the co-
met approaches the Sun, the solar wind blows against the coma, creating the characteristic tail.
The tail is made up of dust and the gas from the ionised coma.
This photograph shows Comet Hale-Bopp, and was taken from the Sierra Nevada mountains
outside the city of Granada. Interestingly, the comets proximity to Earth caused some concern
amongst certain groups, as comets had not been seen for many decades.
Comet Hale-Bopp
Comets (from the Latin cometa and Greek kometes, meaning "long
hair) are celestial bodies made up of water, dry ice, ammonia, me-
thane, iron, magnesium and silicates which follow highly elliptical
orbits around the Sun. They form part of the Solar System, just like
asteroids, planets and satellites. They come from two main places:
the Oort Cloud, which is between 50,000 and 100,000 AU away
from the Sun, and the Kuiper Belt, which lies beyond the orbit of
Neptune.
JPITER: Similar sistema al anterior, JUPITER: A system similar to the one outli-
con ocasin del anuncio de una alte- ned above was used here to take photos at
a time when the planets atmosphere was
racin de su atmsfera, ocasionada affected by a solar storm.
por una emisin de tormenta solar.
MOON: South pole of the Moon and its
LUNA: Polo sur de la Luna y sus craters.
crteres.
As well as the pure pleasure of taking the pictures, photographing planets helps us to study the
evolution of their atmospheres and record any natural events which take place in them.
We can see the movements of Jupiters stormy atmosphere, the speed at which its cloud bands
rotate, and the orbits and eclipses of its main satellites.
It is very interesting to watch the freeze/thaw process of Marss polar ice caps and, occasionally,
the planets dust storms.
Every year, we can also watch the change in plane of Saturns rings, and even see disturbances in
its gaseous atmosphere, as well as the movement of one of its satellites.
Sunspots 1
Some sunspots are so big that they are visible to the naked eye
from Earth, although of course it is important to wear proper
sunglasses which prevent the intense sunlight from damaging the
retina.
Sunspots appear and disappear from the Suns surface with a cer-
tain regularity, and there are a series of sunspot frequency cycles
which last around 11 years.
Manchas en la superficie del Sol 2
Manchas en el disco solar
This composition shows the gradual eclipse and reappearance of the Sun during a total
solar eclipse.
The central photograph, taken at the moment of full eclipse, shows the solar corona,
which is usually invisible because of the brightness of the Sun. In this photograph, we can
see an arch in the solar corona. This arch is an artefact or error in the picture caused
mainly by reflected light in the photographic objective used.
Durante los minutos de mxima Total solar eclipse on the 11th of august
1999 (TSE 990811)
ocultacin del sol en un eclipse total
de Sol es posible distinguir estruc- Picture taken in Balatonlelle (Hungary).
Granada Astronomy Society TOTAL 99
turas que en otros momentos son
expedition
indistinguibles dada la luminosidad
de nuestro astro. En la fotografa de Photographer: Jess Cano Fernndez
Telescope: 90 mm Maksutov-Cassegrain f/13.8
la izquierda podemos distinguir la Camera: Reflex analogical
Corona Solar: es la "atmsfera" de Film: Positive 100 ASA
"fotones" que rodea al Sol y que se Tracking: Equatorial motorised.
esparce alrededor de toda la esfera In the minutes when the Sun is completely
solar. En la segunda se aprecian las hidden during a total solar eclipse, it is
denominadas perlas de Baily y varias possible to see structures which are usually
indistinguishable because of the brightness of
protuberancias solares. our star. In the photograph on the left, we can
clearly see the solar corona, the atmosphere
Las perlas de Baily aparecen al paso of photons which surrounds the Sun and
de la luz a travs de los crteres y which is scattered around the solar sphere.
entre montaas de la Luna que tapa In the second photograph, we can see Bailys
beads and several solar protuberances.
el Sol.
Bailys beads appear when the light passes
Las protuberancias solares son emi- over the craters and between the mountains
siones de plasma solar que vuelven of the Moon, which is covering the Sun.
a regresar a la superficie del Sol por Solar protuberances are plasma emissions
efecto de la gravedad. which come back to the Suns surface due to
gravitational forces
Debido a que la distancia entre el Sol y el sistema Tierra - Annular solar eclipse on the 3 rd of october 2005
Luna no es constante (ofrece pequeas variaciones) algu- Top left: bottom edge of the Moon showing
nos eclipses solares toman la forma de eclipse anular. Esto irregular lunar relief
Top right: eclipse sequence
quiere decir que aunque la Luna llegue a interponerse Bottom: Earth darkening sequence
completamente entre el Sol y la Tierra, parte del sol sigue
vindose, formndose un "anillo" que da nombre a esta Photographer: Aniceto Porcel Rosales.
Earth darkening sequence: Cristbal Marn Molina
tipologa de eclipse. En la secuencia de fotografas de la Telescope: 120mm f/7.5 refractor
derecha podemos comprobar como efectivamente la Luna Camera: Digital SLR
va oscureciendo paulatinamente el Sol, pero cuando se Tracking: Motorised
encuentra perfectamente alineado con l, el borde ms As the distance between the Sun and the Earth-Moon system is not
externo de nuestra estrella contina siendo visible. constant (it varies slightly), some solar eclipses are what are known
as annular eclipses. This means that even if the Moon is positioned
Las fotografas de la izquierda se corresponden con deta- directly in between the Sun and the Earth, part of the Sun is still
visible, forming the ring or annulus which gives this eclipse type its
lles ampliados de la anterior secuencia. En ellas podemos name. In the sequence of photos on the right, we can see how the
ver ciertas "irregularidades" en el anillo que forma el Sol. Moon gradually covers the Sun, but even when it is completely in
Dichas irregularidades se corresponden con accidentes del line with it, we can still see the outermost edge of the star.
terreno lunar (crteres, montaas) que impiden que pase The photographs on the left show enlarged details of the main
la luz del Sol en ciertos lugares concretos del anillo. eclipse sequence. Here we can see certain irregularities in the
ring formed by the Sun. This jagged quality is caused by craters or
La secuencia de fotos inferior muestra la variacin de mountains on the Moons landscape which prevent sunlight from
getting through certain parts of the ring.
luminosidad ambiente (bastante notable) en el lugar del
eclipse. Durante el tiempo de la totalidad del eclipse, una The sequence of photos at the bottom shows the (quite noticeable)
experiencia completamente impresionante, se encienden variation in the amount of sunlight which reaches Earth during the
different stages of the eclipse. When the eclipse reaches totality,
las luces de las ciudades y los animales, como por ejemplo streetlights come on in towns and cities, and animals, such as wild
las aves del campo, regresan a sus nidos asustadas y des- birds, go back to their nests, frightened and disconcerted by the
concertadas por la ausencia repentina de luz. sudden lack of light. This is a truly unforgettable experience.
Summer triangle
This picture shows a rich area of stars in our own galaxy, the Milky
Way. The brightest stars in this area are Vega (top), Altair (right)
and Deneb (bottom and slightly to the left). These three stars form
what is known as the Summer Triangle, because it is during this
season that they are at their highest point in the zenith. The three
stars are the brightest in their respective constellations (Lyra, Aquila
and Cygnus).
This shot shows bright areas of high star density and matter in the
form of emission nebulas, as well as other areas which absorb the
light, producing dark patches. All of this material is concentrated
in a disk, which has a highly schematic shape made up of a nucleus
and spiral arms (galaxy). However, because we are located in the
same galaxy, our view of the Summer Triangle makes it look like a
band across the sky.
La Va Lctea
Dos vistas de la Va Lctea en la zona de Sagitario
Two magnificent shots of part of the centre of our galaxy, looking towards the south, taken
outside the city on a cloudless night away from streetlights. Both shots are of the same area but
were taken using different fields and zoom levels. The pictures show the centre or nucleus of our
galaxy, the brightest part, and the Lagoon Nebula, the Trifid Nebula and the Omega Nebula, as
well as the constellation Scutum.
The Dumbbell Nebula takes its name (which means small bell) from its shape, as it contains a dark
cloud which looks like the clapper on the inside of the bell. It has a diameter of 3 light years. Ove-
rall, it is very bright, but because it is so large its average brightness is very low, so long-exposure
photography techniques must be used to capture it.
It has been assigned the code M27, but is also included in the New General Catalogue with num-
ber NGC 6853.
Las estrellas, al igual que los seres vivos, nacen, viven un periodo de tiempo
y finalmente mueren. Solo las estrellas mucho ms grandes que nuestro Sol,
acaban sus das explotando en forma de supernova. Sin embargo, las estre-
llas de una masa algo menor o mayor a nuestra estrella, terminan su vida
formando una nebulosa planetaria como la que muestra la fotografa. Estas
espectaculares formaciones gaseosas, se producen cuando la estrella agota
el hidrogeno (el combustible que las hace brillar a lo largo de toda su vida) y
comienzan a fusionar otros elementos ms pesados. La estrella se vuelve ines-
table y expulsa las capas ms externas al espacio, formando bellas burbujas de
gas quedando el ncleo al desnudo y formndose en el centro de la nebulosa
una enana blanca.
Estos objetos son, posiblemente, los ms estticos cuando se observan a travs
de un telescopio, dada la gran variedad de formas y texturas que presentan
cada una de ellas.
Esta fotografa muestra la nebulosa planetaria de Dumbell y es visible con pe-
queos telescopios o prismticos en la constelacin de Vulpcula.
Stars, just like living beings, are born, live for a period of time and eventually die. Only stars
which are much bigger than our Sun end their days exploding in the form of a supernova. Howe-
ver, stars which are slightly smaller or bigger than our star end their days by forming a planetary
nebula like the one shown in this photograph. These spectacular gaseous formations are created
when a star runs out of hydrogen (the fuel that makes them shine throughout their lifetime) and
other, heavier elements begin to fuse together. The star becomes unstable and its outer layers
are expelled into space, forming beautiful gas bubbles and leaving behind a naked nucleus. A
white dwarf then forms in the centre of the nebula.
These are perhaps some of the most beautiful objects to look at through a telescope, given the
wide variety of different shapes and textures you can see.
This photograph shows the Dumbbell planetary nebula, which can be seen through small telesco-
pes or binoculars in the Constellation Vulpecula.
This picture shows a detail of the Rosette Nebula, number NGC 2239. You can
see wispy dust patches which absorb the light given off by the nebula.
In the top left of the picture, you can also see a cluster of young stars (NGC
2244), which explains the smaller amount of stellar gas and dust present in
the centre of the nebula (the intense radiation given off by those stars has
forced the gas out of the area).
NGC 6992-6960
Nebulosa del Velo
NGC 6992-6960
Because its delicate wisps are not very bright, long exposure pho-
tography techniques need to be used to capture all the details of
this nebula.
Nebulosa de Orin
Autor: Jess Miguel Rios Palacios
ptica: Newton 200mm f/4
Cmara: DSLR
Exposicin: 26' 30''
Guiado: manual con telescopio gua en paralelo
Orion nebula
This nebula, also known as M42, can be seen during the winter
months in the Constellation Orion, also known as The Hunter.
The nebula is 1500 light years away from Earth, and is considered
to be one of the most brilliant nebulas in the sky, even to the naked
eye. It has a diameter of 16 light years, making it a real star factory.
Inside, there are interstellar dust clouds, numerous stars in different
stages of development, and even protoplanetary disks. In about
100,000 years time, most of the gas and dust will be expelled, and
the only thing that will be left will be an open cluster similar to the
Pleiades.
Nebulosa Rosseta en Monoceros, NGC 2237
Autor: Guido Montas Castillo
ptica: Telescopio de 130mm
Seguimiento: Manual
Cmara: Rflex analgica
Tiempo de exposicin: 2 x 40 minutos
Pelcula: negativo Kodak 400
La nebulosa Roseta NGC 2237, en Monoceros, alrededor del cmulo NGC 2244,
es uno de los objetos ms bellos del cosmos. Debe su nombre a su forma evi-
dente de una rosa.
NGC 2244 es un cmulo abierto de estrellas laxo que puede distinguirse a
simple vista y resolverse en sus estrellas componentes con unos buenos pris-
mticos. Presenta unas 24 estrellas dentro de un rea de un dimetro de unos
40 minutos de arco.
Alrededor de este cmulo abierto est la nebulosa Roseta, que es bastante
grande (un grado de dimetro), aunque es muy difcil de localizar.
Presenta un brillo rojizo debido a la emisin roja procedente del hidrgeno y
no es visible a travs de telescopio, slo resulta visible gracias a fotografas de
larga exposicin.
The Rosette Nebula NGC 2237-37, in the Constellation Monoceros, around cluster NGC 2244, is
one of the most beautiful objects in the cosmos. Its name is derived from its clear rose-like shape.
NGC 2244 is a relaxed open cluster of stars which is visible to the naked eye. The individual stars
that form it can be seen with a good pair of binoculars. It is made up of 24 stars in an area with a
diameter of about 40 minutes of arc.
Around this cluster is the Rosette Nebula, which is quite large (diameter of 1 degree), but difficult
to find.
It has a reddish glow because of the red emissions originating from hydrogen gas. It is not visible
through telescopes, and can only be seen using long exposure photography techniques.
The Trifid Nebula (at the top of the photo), has a small bluish area,
a sign that large quantities of ionised hydrogen can be found there.
Nebulosa de la Laguna, M8
Nebulosa de emisin en la constelacin
de Sagitario
The Horsehead Nebula (IC 434) is in the Constellation Orion. It stretches downwards from the
star furthest left on Orions belt. The horsehead shape is formed by a dark, absorbent dust and
gas cloud which obscures the light from the emission nebula behind it, whose bright red glow
originates from hydrogen gas. To the northeast of the Horsehead, lies the nebula NGC 2023,
which is also covered by the same cloud of stellar dust.
The pretty Horsehead Nebula is not visible through a telescope, and can only be seen by taking
long-exposure photographs.
The brightest star in this picture (top left) is Alnitak, the second in the line of three stars which
make up Orions Belt.
The brightness of this nebula is caused by a collection of newborn stars which light up the ma-
terial in the area, which spans several dozen light years. The dark nebula in the shape of a chess
horsehead is made up of cosmic dust, mainly remnants of a supernova.
The black and white photograph is not unlike what we are able to see when we look at this area
of the sky through a telescope.
The Pleiades
The Pleiades is an open star cluster some 450 light years away from
Earth. It is about 30 light years across. It is the most famous open
cluster that can be seen with the naked eye.
An open cluster is a group of stars that were all formed from the
same cloud of material. As such, we could say that they are sister
stars. This particular cluster is so young (100 million years) that
remnants of that mother cloud can still be seen amongst the stars.
These objects are scattered within the galaxys plane and, sooner or
later, they will disperse due to gravitational interactions with other
objects in their path as they rotate around the centre of the galaxy.
Nebulosas de Norteamrica y
del Pelcano en el Cisne
Autor: Guido Montas Castillo
ptica: Telescopio de 130mm
Seguimiento: Manual
Cmara: Rflex analgica
Tiempo de exposicin: 2 x 40 minutos
Pelcula: negativo Kodak 400
The North America Nebula, NGC 7000, so-named because of its resemblance to the continent,
glows red because of the red light originating from hydrogen gas. The dark dust absorbs the
light in the area resembling the Gulf of Mexico. The Pelican Nebula, IC 5067-70, is next to it.
These nebulas are in the Constellation Cygnus, near the bright star Deneb, and although they
are difficult to see with a telescope, long-exposure photography techniques can be used to
reveal them.
Note the large numbers of stars in this area this is because it is in the middle of our galaxy,
the Milky Way.
NGC 7000: The North America Nebula, so-named because of its resemblance to the continent
(top left).
IC 5070: The Pelican Nebula, separated from the North America Nebula by a dark molecular dust
cloud (top right).
IC 5068: An emission nebula close to the Pelican and North America Nebulas (bottom right).
IC 1805
This photo is of the nebula IC 1805, also known as the Heart Nebu-
la. It is made up of the remnants of a supernova.
IC 1805
The reddest areas of the image are areas where sulphur is present,
the green areas indicate the presence of hydrogen, and the bluish
areas indicate the presence of oxygen. In addition to being beau-
tiful to look at, these photographs help us to find out a little more
about the chemical composition of the object we are looking at.
IC 1318, IC1311, NGC 6888. Mosaico zona Sard
Autor: Javier Algarra
ptica: Takahashi Epsilon 160
Cmara: Artemis 11002
Montura: Losmandy G11
Procesado: PHG, Maxim DL, Photoshop CS
Exposicin: 7 x 900'' subexpos. H 7nm
Fecha: Agosto 2008
Lugar: Sierra de Segura, Pontones (Espaa)
IC 1318: Butterfly Nebula, which spans an area more than 100 light
years across.
Discovered by William Herschel in 1784. Also known as the Christmas Tree, this nebula is 2,600
light years away from Earth. It is the brightest nebula in a nebula complex made up of a large
cloud of molecular gas in the Orion Arm.
It spans approximately 40 light years, and its brightness is associated with a quadruple star sys-
tem, 15 Monocerotis. This star system gives the nebula its bluish hue, visible thanks to scattered
interstellar dust, as a result of the ultraviolet radiation emitted by the hot, young and very ener-
getic stars in the centre.
M33 es una galaxia espiral que forma parte del Grupo Local de galaxias (las
30 galaxias ligadas gravitacionalmente entre las que se encuentra nuestra Va
Lctea).
Aunque fue Messier el que la catalog el 25 de Agosto de 1764, existen indi-
cios de que Giovanni Batista Hodierna (un astrnomo de la corte del Duque
de Motechiaro) ya la haba descubierto en el ao 1654.
M33
M33 is a spiral galaxy which forms part of the Local Group of galaxies (the group of 30 galaxies
joined together by gravitational forces, and which includes our galaxy, the Milky Way).
Although Messier catalogued it on the 25th of August 1764, records suggest that Giovanni Ba-
tista Hodierna (an Italian astronomer of the court of the Duke of Montechiaro) discovered it as
early as 1654.
IC 405, IC 410
This circular nebula complex is 5,200 light years away from Earth, in the Constellation Monoce-
ros. It is approximately 1 across (5 times the surface area of the Moon), and is associated with
the open cluster NGC 2244.
The radiation emitted by the young stars in the central cluster ionises the atoms in the molecular
hydrogen cloud, resulting in the characteristic rose shape which gives this emission nebula its
name.
One curious feature of this nebula is that the star cluster which lights up
the gases which form it is hidden amongst the gas and dust, making it
difficult to find.
Cometa Lulin
Autor: Javier Algarra
Telescopio: Astrgrafo Takahashi Epsilon 160
Cmara: CCD Artemis 1002
Exposicin: L 10x60'' BIN. 1x1 RGB 10x60'' BIN. 2x2, tiempo total 40'.
Filtros LRGB Trubalance Generacin 2
Procesado: Phdguiding, DSS, Maxim DL, Photoshop CS4
Comet Lulin
This was the first comet visible with just a simple pair of binoculars
in 2009. It was discovered in 2007 by a 19-year-old Chinese astro-
nomy enthusiast, Quanzhi Ye, as he compared images captured by
Chisheng Lin of Lulin Observatory in Taiwan.
El Parque de las Ciencias pone a disposicin de sus visi- Esta oferta se completa con otras actividades como cursos
tantes una amplia oferta para quien est interesado en de Astronoma, formacin del profesorado, observacin
acercarse al mundo de la Astronoma, ya sea por primera de fenmenos astronmicos, charlas, conferencias y
vez o para profundizar en sus conocimientos. exposiciones.
Sus dos Planetarios Burbuja permiten a los nios de 3 a 8 Para ms informacin y reservas:
aos tener un primer contacto con el cielo acompaados (34) 958 13 19 00 y www.parqueciencias.com
por monitores especializados. En los talleres didcticos de
instrumentos astronmicos, meteoritos, Sistema Solar o
lanzamiento de cohetes, pueden aprender de una forma Astronomy at the Parque de las Ciencias
sencilla cmo la humanidad ha ido descubriendo el Uni-
If you are interested in Astronomy, whether you are a total beginner or you want
verso. to deepen your knowledge of the subject, the Parque de las Ciencias offers a wide
range of exhibits to help you along the way. These include two Bubble Planetariums
El Jardn de Astronoma permite la prctica de la Astro- for children between the ages of 3 and 8, the Astronomy Garden, which gives you the
noma a plena luz del da. Con la ayuda de instrumentos chance to enjoy astronomy during daylight hours, interactive modules throughout the
astronmicos tan antiguos como el Plincton de Tolomeo museum, an Astronomical Observatory equipped with a 76-cm aperture telescope,
a digital Planetarium with seating for 30 people, and an opto-mechanical and digital
o el Gnomon, o utilizando los modelos y los distintos tipos Planetarium with seating for 83.
de relojes de Sol pueden encontrar respuesta a preguntas
como la sucesin de los das y las noches, las estaciones o
la variacin de la duracin de la noche y el da a lo largo
del ao.
Repartidos por el Museo hay mdulos como el Pndulo de
Foucault, la familia del Sol, la danza de los planetas, los
viajes de la nave Tierra, la campana de aluminizado y el
marcador de ortos y ocasos.
Para quien desee conocer de cerca el mundo de los Ob-
servatorios Astronmicos en el exterior del Museo hay
un Observatorio equipado con un telescopio de 76 cm de
abertura, donado por el Instituto de Astrofsica de Anda-
luca. Todos los meses se abre al pblico, previa cita, para
que participe en la actividad de Noches de Astronoma.
El Observatorio Astronmico tambin dispone de un
Planetario de 30 plazas equipado con un proyector digital
porttil, que habitualmente se utiliza para sesiones dirigi-
das a nios y a jvenes.
El Parque de las Ciencias cuenta tambin con un Plane-
tario optomecnico, que desde su inauguracin es uno
de los principales atractivos del centro. Con una cpula
de 10m de dimetro y 83 plazas, es capaz de reproducir
un cielo con ms de 6.500 estrellas. Recientemente se ha
equipado con las ltimas tecnologas de proyeccin digi-
tal a cpula completa y de simulacin del cielo, lo que le
convierte en un lugar de referencia para la divulgacin y
la enseanza de la Astronoma.
Cosmos. Vistas desde la nave Tierra / Cosmos. Views from spaceship Earth
V I S TA S D E S D E L A N AV E T I E R R A
Cosmos. Views from spaceship Earth
Ayuntamiento de Granada
Diputacin Provincial de Granada
Universidad de Granada
Fundacin Caja Rural de Granada
Fundacin CajaGRANADA
Consejera de Empleo
Fondos FEDER