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P. de Matematicas III. de Matematicas III
P. de Matematicas III. de Matematicas III
xn +1
FORMULA: x dx= n+1 + c
n
Se representa por: f ( x ) dx .
Se lee de f de x diferencial de x.
EJEMPLOS:
1- ) 1 dx=x +c
1+1 2
x 5 x
2- ) 5 x dx=5 x= 51+1 + c=
2
+c
3 x 1+1 3 x2
3- ) 3 x dx= 1+1
+ c=
2
+c
2+1 3
x 4x
4- ) 4 x 2 dx=4 x 2 dx =4 2+1 + c=
3
+c
5 x 3+1 5 x4
5- ) (5 x 3 +2)dx=5 x 3 +2= 3+1
+ 2 x=
4
+2 x +c
3 +1 1+ 1
6- ) ( 4 x 3+ 2 x +3 ) dx= 43+1
x
+
2x
1+ 1
+3 x+ c
4 x4 2 x2
+ +3 x+ c
4 2
x 4 + x 2+3 x +c
PRCTICA # 1
Integrales Indefinidas
2+1 3
x x
1 x 2 dx= +c= +c
2+1 3
1 x 2+ 1 x1 1
2 2 dx= x dx=
2
= + c= 1 + c
x 2+1 1 x
x3 +1 x4
3 x 3 dx= + c= +c
3+1 4
1 4
+1
4
3 (x) 3 x3 3 33
4 x dx= +c= + c= x 3 +c= x 4 +c
1 4 4 4
+1
3 3
5 4 3 2
5x 8x 9x 2x
5- ) ( 5 x 4 8 x3 +9 x 22 x+ 7 ) dx= + +7 x +c
5 4 3 2
5 4 3 2
x 2 x + 3 x x +7 x +c
1
1 3 2
6 x dx= ( x ) x+
2
( 1x ) dx= x + xx 2
3 1
x + x 2 2
5 1
x2 x2
+ +c
5 1
2 2
5 1
2
x 2 +2 x 2 + c
5
4 4
5 t 2 +7 5t2 7 2
7- ) 4
dt= 4
+ 4
dt= 5 t 3
+7t 3
dt
3 3 3
t t t
2 4
5 t +7 t
3 3
dt
5 1
5t3 7t 3
+ +c
5 1
3 3
5 1 5
3 3 3 21
3 t 21 t + c=3 t 1
+c
3
t
PRCTICA # 2
Integrales Indefinidas
4 +1 5
4 3x 3x
3 x dx= + c= +c
4+1 5
1
1 x 3+ 1 x 2 1
2 3
3
= x = = + c= 2 + c
x 3+1 2 2x
3 5
+1 5 5
5 u2 5u 2 2
3 5 u 3 /2
dx= + c= +c= 5 u 2 + c=2 u 2 + c
3 5 5
+1
2 2
1 2
+1 2
2 2 2x 3 2x3 3 3
4 3 dx= = + c= + c= 2 x 3 + c=3 2 x 2+ c
x 1
1 2 2
(x) 3 +1
3 3
7 10
1 7 +1
6t3 6t 3 3 3
+c= 6 t 10+c
2 3
5 6 t . t dt= 6 t 2 .t dt= t dt= = 3 3
7 10 10
+1
3 3
5+ 1 3+1 6 4
2y 3y 2y 3 y
6 y 3 ( 2 y 23 ) dy = 2 y 5 3 y 3= + c= +c
5+1 3+ 1 6 4
y6 3 y4
+c
3 4
8 x 4+ 1 4 x 3+1 6 x2 +1 4 x 1+1
8 x 4 +4 x3 6 x2 4 x +5 dx= + +5 x +c
4+ 1 3+1 2+1 1+1
7
5 4 3 2
8x 4 x 6 x 4 x
+ + 5 x +c
5 4 3 2
8 x5 4
+ x 2 x3 2 x 2 +5 x+ c
5
2+1 3 +1
3x 8x
8 ( 2+ 3 x 28 x 3 ) dx=2 x + +c
2+1 3+1
3 x3 8 x 4
2x+ +c
3 4
3 4
2 x + x 4 x +c
y 4 +2 y 21 y 4 +2 y 21 y4 2 y2 1
dy= 1
dy= 1 + 1 1 dy
y 2
y y2 y2 y2
9
1 1 1 7 3 1
4 2
y 2
+2 y 2
1 y 2
y + 2 y y
2 2 2
7 3 1
+1 +1 +1
y2 2 y2 y2
+ +c
7 3 1
+1 +1 +1
2 2 2
9 5 1
2 2 2
y 2y y
+ +c
9 5 1
2 2 2
9 5 1
2 2 2
y 2 + 2 y 2 y 2 + c
9 5 1
9 5
2 2 1
2y 4y
+ 2 y 2 +c
9 5
INTEGRALES DEFINIDAS
es el signo de integracin.
a lmite inferior de la integracin.
b lmite superior de la integracin.
f ( x ) es el integrado o funcin a integrar.
dx es diferencial de x e indica cual es la variable de la funcin que
se integra.
EJEMPLOS:
2
2
1 dx= [ x ] 1=[ 21 ]=1
1
3 3
2 3 x dx=
1
3 x2
2 [ ] 1
=
3 23 3
2
[ x ]1 = [ ( 3 )2(1 )2 ]= 3 [ 91 ] = 3 [ 8 ] = 24 =12
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
3 ( x +3 ) dx= x + 3 dx=
2 2 2
x2
2 [ ] 2
3
+ [ 3 x ]2
1 23 3
[ x ]2 +3 [ x ]2
2
1
2
[ ( 3 )2(2 )2 ] +3 [ 3(2 ) ]
1
[ 94 ] +3 [ 3+2 ]
2
1 5 5+30 35
[ 5 ] +3 [ 5 ] = +15= =
2 2 2 2
3 3 3
4 x dx=
1
2x
3 1 3 [ ]
1 33 1
3
3 1
= [ x ] 1= [ (3 ) ( 1 ) ]= [ 271 ] =
3
3
26
3
10 10 10 3 10 2 10
5 ( x + x ) dx= x + x dx=
10
2
10 10
x
3
2
[ ] [ ] 10
+
x
2 10
1 3 10 1 2 10
[ x ]10 + [ x ]10
3 2
1 1
3
[ ( 10 )3(10 )3 ] + [ ( 10 )2 (10 )2 ]
2
1 1
[ 1000+ 1000 ] + [ 100100 ]
3 2
1
[ 2000 ] + 0
3
2000
3
2 2 2
( 2 x 1 ) dx= 2 x 1 dx=
2
0
2
0
2
[ ]
2 x3
3 0
2
[ x ]0
6
0
2
2 3
[ x ] [ x ]20
3 0
2
3
[ ( 2 )30 ][ 20 ]
2 16 166 10
[ 8 ] [ 2 ] = 2= =
3 3 3 3
PRCTICA # 2
INTEGRAL DEFINIDA
3 3 3 3
1 ( 2 x 8 ) dx= 2 x dx 8 dx=
1
2
1 1
2 2 x3
3 [ ] 1
3
[ 8 x ]1
2 33 3
[ x ]18 [ x ]1
3
2
3
[ ( 3 )3 (1 )3 ]8 [3(1 ) ]
2
[ 27+1 ] 8 [ 3+1 ]
3
2
[ 28 ] 8 [ 4 ]
3
56 5696 40
32= =
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
2 ( x +1 ) dx= x dx + 1 dx=
0 0 0
x2
2 0
2
+ [ x ]0 ]
1 22
[ x ]0 + [ x ]20
2
1
2
[ ( 2 )20 ]+ [ 20 ]
1 4
[ 4 ] +2= +2=4
2 2
5 5 5 2 5
3 ( x +1 ) dx= x dx+ 1 dx=
0 0 0
[ ]x
2 0
5
+ [ x ]0
1 25
[ x ]0 + [ x ]50
2
1
2
[ ( 5 )20 ]+ [ 50 ]
1
[ 25 ] +5
2
25 25+ 10 35
+5= =
2 2 2
5 5 5 5
0 0
3
4 ( 5+ x ) dx= 5 dx + x dx=[ 5 x ] +
0
x4
4
3 5
0 [ ] 0
5
5 1 [ 4]
5 [ x ]0 + x
4 0
1
5 [ 50 ] +
4
[ ( 5 )4 0 ]
625
5 [5 ]+
4
5 5
3 [ x ] 1 +2 [ ln x ] 1
5 ln 1
ln
3 [ 51 ] +2
3 [ 4 ] +2 [ 1.610 ]
12+ 3.22=15.22
1 1 1 1
6 ( x +1 ) dx= x dx + 1 dx=
0
4
0 0
4 x5
5 0
1
+ [ x ]0 [ ]
1 51
[ x ]0 + [ x ] 10
5
1
5
[ ( 1 )50 ]+ [ 10 ]
1 1+5 6
+1= =
5 5 5
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
2
7 ( 4 x6 x ) dx= 4 x dx 6 x dx=
1
4 x2
2
2
[ ] [ ] 1
6 x3
3 1
2 2
2 [ x 2 ]12 [ x3 ]1
2 [ ( 2 )2(1 )2 ] 2 [ ( 2 )3(1 )3 ]
2 [ 41 ] 2 [ 8+ 1 ]
2 [ 3 ] 2 [ 9 ] =618=12
[ ][ ]
4 8 7 8
8 1 4 8 1 8 4
( 3 3 )
8 x + x dx= x dx+ x dx= 3 3 x
4
3
+
x
7
3
1 1 1
3 1 3 1
4 8 7 8
3 3[ ] [ ]
x 3 1+ x 3
4 7 1
[ ] [ ]
4 4 7 7
3 3
( 8 ) 3 ( 1 ) 3 + ( 8 ) 3 ( 1 )3
4 7
3 3 4 3 4 3 3 7 3 7
4
[ ( 8 ) ( 1 ) ] + 7 [ ( 8 ) ( 1 ) ]
3 3
[ 161 ] + [ 1281 ]
4 7
3 3
[ 15 ] + [ 127 ]
4 7
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
9 ( 3 x 2 x + 3 ) dx= 3 x dx 2 x dx+ 3 dx
1 1 1 1
2 2
3[ ] [ ]
3 x3
1
2 x3
3 1
+ [ 3 x ]1
2
2 2 32 2
[ x3 ]1 [ x ]1 +3 [ x ]1
3
2 3
[ ( 2 ) (1 ) ] [ ( 2 ) (1 )3 ]+3 [ 2(1) ]
3 3
3
2
[ 8+1 ] [ 8+1 ] +3 [ 2+ 1 ]
3
2
9 ( 9 ) +3 ( 3 )=12
3
4 4
2
w dw=
w1
1 1 [ ] 4
=1 [ w1 ]1 =1
1
w 1
1 1
=1
4 1
4 4
[ ] [ ]
1
10 dw=
1 w2 1
1 [ ]
3
4
3
4
[]
3 4
3 4
[ ] [ ]
4 4 1 2 3 3
t 2 2 2
= t 2 0 = ( 4 ) 2 ( 0 ) 2 = [ ( 4 ) ]
3
11 t dt= t dt= 2
0 0
3 3 3 3
2 0
2 16
[ 8 ]=
3 3
2 2 2 2 2
12
4
( 1
y 4
)
y + 3 dy= y dy + y dy=
2 2
4
3 y3
3 [ ] [ ] 4
+
y2
2 4
[( ) ( )]
2
1
1 3 2 1 1
[ y ]4 2 [ ]
3
[ (2 )3(4 )3 ] 12 1 2 1 2
3 2 y 4 2 4
1
[ 8+ 64 ]
3
1 1 1
2 4 16 [ ] 1
[ 56 ]
3
1 3
2 16
= =
3 32 96 [ ]
56 3 17923 1789
=
96
1 1 1 1
4 2 4 2
13 ( 2 x 3 x +5 ) dx= 2 x dx 3 x dx + 5 dx
0 0 0 0
1 1
[ ] [ ]
2 x5
5 0
3 x3
3 0
1
+ [5 x ]0
2 51 1
[ x ]0 [ x3 ]0 +5 [ x ]10
5
2 5
5
[ ( 1 ) 0 ][ ( 1 )30 ] +5 [ 10 ]
2 25+25 22
1+5= =
5 5 5
3 3 3 3
14
1
2
t 3
dt=
1
2 t 3
dt=
2 t 2
2 1
[ ] [] [ ] [ ] [ ]
1
=1 2 =1
t 1
1
2
1 1
2 =1 1 =1
( 3) ( 1) 9
8 8
9
=
9
4 4 4 4
1
s 4 8
15 2 ds= s ds 8 s ds=
s 1
2
1
2 s3
3 1
8 s1
1 [ ] [ ]
4
[ ] [ ]
1 34
3
1
s 1(8) 1
s 1
[ ] [ ]
1
3
( 4 )3( 1 )3 +8
1
1
1
1
( 4 ) (1 )
1 1
[ 641 ] + 8 1
3 4 [ ]
1
[ 65 ] + 8
3
3
4 [ ]
65 24 65 6518 47
= 6= =
3 4 3 3 3
[][ ]
7 1 2 1
1 4 1 1 1 1 1
( 3 3 )
16 x 2 x dx= x dx 2 x dx= 3 3 x
7
3
2x
2
3
0 0 0
3 0 3 0
7 1 2 1
3 [ ] [ ]
3
x3 0 x 3
7 2 0
3 3 7 3 7 3 3 2
7
[ ( 1 ) ( 0 ) ] 2 [ ( 1 ) 0 ]
3 3 3 3 621 15
[ 1] [ 1]= = =
7 2 7 2 14 14
3 1
[]
3 1
[ ]
1 1 1 2
x 2 2 2 2
17 x dx= x dx= = x 2 0 = [ ( 1 ) ( 0 ) ] = [ 1 ] =
2 2 3 3
0 0
3 3 3 3 3
2 0
REA
CASO I
CASO 2
b
A= f ( x ) dx
a
CASO 3
En este caso el recinto tiene zonas por encima y por debajo del eje de
abscisas. Para calcular el rea de la funcin seguiremos los siguientes pasos:
x 2 dx
2
y=x
x y
-2 4
-1 1
0 0
1 1
2 4
2 3 2
A= x dx=
0
x2 1 32
3 0 3 ]
= [ x ]0
1 3 3
3
[ 2 0 ]
1
[ 8]
3
8 2
u
3
2.67 u2
2
1- ) Calcular el rea entre y=4x , y eje x
2
y=4x
x y
-2 0
-1 3
0 4
1 3
2 0
2 2 2
2 2
A= 4x dx= 4 dx x dx
2 2 2
[4 x]
x3
3
2
2 [ ] 2
2 1 32
4 [ x ]2 [x ]
3 2
1 3
4 [ 2(2) ]
3
[ ( 2 ) (2 )3 ]
8+8
1[ ]
4 [ 2+2 ]
3
1
4 [ 4 ] [ 16 ]
3
16 4816 32 2
16 = = u =10.67 u 2
3 3 3
EJEMPLO:
y=x 2 +2
x y
-2 6
-1 3
0 2
1 3
2 6
y=x
x y
-2 6
-1 3
0 2
1 3
2 6
1
A= [ ( x 2+2 ) (x ) ] dx
0
1
x3
[
A= + 2 x +
3
x2
2 ]0
1 31
[ x ]0 +2 [ x ]10 + 1 [ x 2 ]0
1
A=
3 2
1 1 2+12+3 17 2
A= +2+ = = u
3 2 6 6
PRCTICA
2
y=x 2 x+ 3
x y
-2 11
-1 6
0 3
1 2
2 3
1
A= x 22 x +3 dx
2
1 31 1 1
A= [ x ]2[ x 2 ]2+3 [ x ]2
3
1
A= [1(8)][ 14 ] +3 [ 1(2)]
3
1
A= [ 9 ] [ 3 ] +3 [ 3 ]
3
9
A= +3+9=15 u2
3
Encuentra el rea entre:
2
y=4 xx
x y
0 0
1 3
2 4
3 3
4 0
3
2
A= 4 xx dx
1
2 3 1 33
A=2 [ x ]1 [ x ]1
3
1
A=2 [ 91 ] [ 271 ]
3
1
A=2 [ 8 ] [ 26 ]
3
26 4826 22 2
A=16 = = u
3 3 3
2
y=x x+ 6
x y
-3 0
-2 4
-1 6
0.5 6.2
5
0 6
1 4
2 0
2
A= x 2x +6 dx
3
1 [ 3 ]2 1 [ 2 ]2 2
A= x 3 x +6 [ x ]3
3 2 3
1 1
A= [ 8(27)] [ 4(9)] + 6 [ 2(3)]
3 2
1 1
A= [ 35 ] [ 5 ] +6 [ 5 ]
3 2
35 5 70+15+180 125 2
A= + +30= = u
3 2 6 6
x y
-1 0
0 1
3 2
8 3
8
A= x +1 dx
0
8 1
A= ( x +1 ) dx
2
3 8
2
[
A= ( x +1 ) 2
3
]
0
2
A=
3
[ ( 8+1 )3 ( 0+1 )3 ]
2
A= [ 729 1 ]
3
2
A= [ 271 ]
3
2 52
A= [ 26 ] = u2
3 3
PRCTICA
x y
-2 4
-1 1
0 0
1 1
2 4
y=x 2+ 4 x
x y
-1 -5
0 0
1 3
2 4 2
2
3 A= 2
3x +4 x x dx
3
4 0
5 -5
2
2
A= 2 x + 4 x dx
3
2 3 2 2
A= [ x ] 0+ 2 [ x 2 ] 0
3
2
A= [ 8 ] +2 [ 4 ]
3
16 16+24 8 3
A= + 8= = u
3 3 3
x y
1 0
2 1
5 2
3
A= x1 dx
1
3 1
A= ( x 1 ) dx2
3 3
2 [
A= ( x1 ) 2
3
]
1
2
A=
3
[ (31 )3 ( 11 )3 ]
2
A= [ 8 0 ]
3
2
A=
3
[ 22 .20 ]
A=
4
[ 2 ] = 4 2 u2
3 3
y=x 2 , y =18x 2
2
y=x
x y
-3 9
-2 0
-1 1
0 2
1 1
2 4
3 9
y=18x 2
x y
-3 9
-2 14
-1 17 3
2 2
0A= 1818x x dx
3
1 17
2 14
3
3 A= 9182 x2 dx
3
3 2 33
A=18 [ x ]3 [ x ]3
3
27
27
2
A=18 [ 3(3) ]
3
2
A=18 [ 6 ] [ 54 ]
3
x y
0 9
1 0
4 1
9 2
3
y=x
x y
-2 -8
-1 -1
0 0
0 18
1 1
2 8
1
3
A= x( x ) dx
0
3 1
[][]
1
u 2
x4
A=
3 4 0
2 0
3
A=
3
( )
2 2 1 1 4 1
x (x )
0 4 0
2 1 4
A=
3
[ ( 1) ] [1 ]
3
2 1
A= (1 ) (1)
3 4
2 1
A=
3 4
5 2
A= u
12
y= 4x
x y
-12 9
-8 0
-5 1
0 2
3 1
4 4
1
y=1
4
1 4 4
x y 1
4x 2 dx 1 dx + x dx
-12 4 12 4 12
-8 3
-4 2 4
1
0 4x
4
1
0 4 (
1 x dx=
12
)
4
A=
12
1 4 4
1
u 2 du 1 dx+ x dx
12 4 12
4
A=
12
3 4
[]
4
[ ]
2 2
u 4 1 x
A= [ x ] +
3 12 4 2 12
2 12
3
4x 2
1
4 [ x ] 4 + [ x2 ] 4
12 12 8 12
2
A=
3
4(12 ) 3
2
1
42
1
44 3+ [ 4(12)]
8
2
A=
3
2 1
A= [ 64 ] 16+ [ 128 ]
3 8
128
A= 1616
3 u=4x
1284848 32 2 du=dx
A= = u
3 3
du=dx
x y
-4 2.5
-2 1.6
-1 1
0 0
1 1
2 1.6
8 4
x+ 4
y=
3
x y
-4 0
-1 1
2 2
8 4
1
x2 3 dx
8
4
dx
3 1
8
x
dx+
3 1
8
x+4 3 2
( x ) dx=
3 1
8
A=
1
8 8 2
A=
3 2[ ]
1 x2 4 8
+ [ x ] x 3 dx
1 3 1 1
[]
5 8
3
1 2 8 4
A= [ x ] + [ x] 8 x
6 1 3 1 5
3 1
[ ]
5
1 4 3
A= [ x2 ] 8 + [ x ] 8 x 3 8
6 1 3 1 5 1
1
3 15
3
8 5
4 3
82+ [ 8(1 ) ]
3 5
1
A=
6
1 4 3
A= ( 63 ) + ( 9 ) ( 32(1 ) )
6 3 5
21 99
A= + 12
2 5
105+120198 27 2
A= = u
10 10
Calcule el rea entre la curva
y= x +2 , y =6x
y= x +2
x y
-2 0
2 2
7 3
y= 6x
x y
-6 3.5
0 2.4
6 20 6
5 A= 1 x +2 6x dx
0 2
2
A=
3
[ ( ( 2+2 ) 2 ) ]+ 23 [ ( 66 ) 62 ]
3 3
2 2
A= [ 81.41 ] + [ 02 ]
3 3
2 4
A= [ 6.59 ]
3 3
13.18 4
A= =3.06
3 3
x y
-2 -2
-1 1
0 2
1 1
2 -2
y=x
x y
-2 2
1 1
0 0
1 -1
2 -2
2
A= 2x 2(x ) dx
1
2 2 2
2
A= 2 dx x + x
1 1 1
1 1
A=2 [ x ] 2 [ x 3 ] 2 + [ x 2] 2
1 3 1 2 1
1 3
A=2 ( 2(1 ) ) ( 2 (13 ) ) + 1 (22(12 ) )
3 2
1 1
A=2 ( 3 ) ( 9 ) + ( 3)
3 2
3
A=63+
2
126 +3 9 2
A= = u
2 2
x y
-2 -10
-1 -2
0 0
1 2
2 10
1 0
A= x + x dx x 3+ x dx
3
0 2
1 1 0 0
A=
x4
[ ][ ] [ ] [ ]
+
x2
4 0 2 0 4
x4
2
x2
2 2
1 [ 2] 1 1 [ 2] 1 1 [ 4 ] 0 1 2 0
A= x + x x [x ]
4 0 2 0 4 2 2 2
2
1
( 4 ) ( (22 ) )
2
1 1 1
A= ( 1 4 ) + ( 12 )
4 2 4
1 1 1 1
A= + (16 ) (4)
4 2 4 2
1 1
A= + +4 +2
4 2
3
A= + 6
4
27 2
A= u
4
Calcule el rea entre la curva
y=x , y=6x2 , x=3 , x=2
y=x
x y
-4 -4
-3 -3
-2 -2
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
y=6x 2
x y
-2 22
2
-1A=5 6x ( x ) dx
0 3
6
1 25 2 2
2 A=2 6 dx x 2 dx x dx
3 3 3
2 2
2
A=6 [ x ]
3 3[ ] [ ]
x3
3
x2
2 3
1 3
A=6 ( 2(3 ) ) ( 2 (33 ) ) 1 ( 22 (3 2 ) )
3 2
1 1
A=6 (5 ) ( 35 ) (5)
3 2
35 5
A=30 +
3 2
18070+15 125 2
A= = u
6 6
Calcule el rea entre la curva
3 2
y=2 x 2 x 12 x el eje x
x y
-2 0
-1 8
0 0
1 -12
2 -16
3 0
0 3
3 2 3 2
A= 2 x 2 x 12 x dx 2 x 2 x 12 x dx
2 0
0 0 0 3 3 3
A=2
x4
4 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
2
2
x3
3 2
12
x2
2 2
2
x4
4 0
+2
x3
3 0
+12
x2
2 0
1 [ 4 ] 0 2 [ 3] 0 1 2
A= x x 6 [ x 2 ] 0 [ x 4 ] 3 + [ x 3 ] 3 +6 [x 2 ] 3
2 2 3 2 2 2 0 3 0 0
2
( 4)
2
( 3)
2
( 2)
1
A=
2
1 2 1 2
A= (16 ) ( 8 )6 (4 ) ( 81 )+ ( 27 ) +6 ( 9 )
2 3 2 3
16 81
A=8 +24 + 18+54
3 2
4832+144243+108+324 253 2
A= = u
6 6
VOLUMEN DE UN SOLIDO DE REVOLUCION
b
V = [ f ( y) ] dx Gira alrededor del eje y
a
Calcule el volumen del solido generado al girar la regin limitada por F(x)=2-
x 2 y g(x)=1 en torno a la recta Y=1.
2
y=2x
X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y -7 -2 1 2 1 -2 -1
1
2
V = [ ( 2x ) 1 ] dx
2
1
2
V = ( 1x 2 ) dx
1
1
4 2
V = ( x 2 x + 1 ) dx
1
V = [ 1
5
2
( 2 ) (2 )+ 2
3 ]
16 3
V= u
15
4
V = x dx
0
V = [ [( )
1
2
4 2 ( 0 ) 2 ] ]
V = [ ] 16
2
3
V =8 u
X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
2 2 2
V =
0
[ ] 2
x
2
dx
V =
[ 1 4
4
x 2 x 2+ 4 dx
]
V = [ 1
20
2
( 32 ) [ 8 ] + 8
3 ]
V =
[ 8 16
+8
5 3 ]
64 3
V= u
15
INTEGRACIN POR SUSTITUCIN
4. Integrar.
Consejo
Intente elegir u como alguna funcin en el integrando cuya diferencial
tambin se presente (excepto para un factor constante). Si no es posible,
escoja u como alguna parte complicada del integrando (tal vez la funcin
interna de una funcin compuesta). Encontrar la sustitucin correcta con lleva
algo de arte. No es raro que la conjetura sea errnea; si su primera suposicin
no funciona, intente con otra.
u=3 x
1 sin 3 x dx = sinu ( du3 )= 13 sin u du du=3 dx
du
=dx
1 3
cos u+c
3
1
cos 3 x+ c
3
du 1 2
2 x sin x 2 dx= sin u ( )
2
= sin u du
2
u=x
du=2 x dx
du
=x dx
1 2
cos u+c
2
1
cos x2 +c
2
1 1
du u=x 2
3 x 3
x 4
+1 dx= x ( x +1 ) dx= u
3 4 2 2
( )
4 du=2 x dx
du
=x dx
1
1 2
4
u 2 du
3
1 u2
+c
4 3
2
3
1 2
u 2 +c
4 3
1 4
6
x +1+c
4 4 1
4 x 2+ x ( 2 x +1 ) dx= ( x 2 + x ) 2 ( 2 x+ 1 ) dx
2
0 0 u=x + x
du=2 x +1 dx
4 1
u du
2
0
3 4
[]
3 4
u
3
2
2 [ ] [( x + x) ] = 32 [( 4 + 4 ) + 0 ]
= u2 0=
3
2
3
2
3 4
0
2
3
2 0
2
[ 89.44 ]=59.63
3
()
1 u2
1 1 3
3 3 x+ 1dx = ( 3 x +1 ) dx= u 2 2 du
( )
3
3 3
+c 1 2 ( )
u2 + c
3 3
2
u=3 x +1
du=3 dx 3
2
du ( 3 x+1 )2 + c
=dx
9
3
2
9
( 3 x +1 )3 +c
1 1 1
du 1
4 t 7+ 2t 2 dt= (7+2 t 2) 2 dt= u 2 ( )
4
= u 2 du
4
2
u=7 +2t
du=4 t dt
3
()
du
1 u 2 =t dt
4 +c
4 3
2
3
1 2
( u ) 2 +c
4 3
3
2
(u ) 2 + c
12
3
1
( 7+2 t 2 ) 2 + c
6
1 2 2
[ ]
3
( 7+2 t2 ) + c u3 2 1 3 90
5 cos x . sin x dx= u .du=
2 2
6 = [u ] 0
0 0 3 0 3
1 90
3
[ ( cos x )3 ]0
1 3 90
[ ( cos 90 ) ( cos 0 ) ]0
3
3
1 1
[ 01 ] =
3 3
1 1 1 3 1
6 ( x+1 ) ( x + 2 x ) dx= u
0 0
du 1
2
2 20
2
= u2 du=
1 u
2 3
2
( ) [ ]0
2
1 u=x
1 2+2 x 3 1
du=2
2 3
[ ( x x+2+2xdx) ]0
du=2 ( x +1 ) dx
1 du2 =( x+31 ) dx 2
[
( 12 +2
6
( 1 ) ) ( 0 +2 ( 0 ) )
3
]
1 3
6
[ ( 3 ) ( 0 )3 ]
1 9 3
[ 9]= =
6 6 2
1 1
cos u du= [ sinu ] 0
3
1 1 1
du 1
7 cos 3 x3 dx= cos u
0 u=3 x3 0
3
=
30 ( )
1 du=3 dx 1 1
[ sin du
(3 x3 ) ] 0 [ sin 0 ] [ sin (3 ) ]
3 =dx 3
1 3
[ 0(0.05 ) ]
3
1 0.05
[ 0.05 ] = =0.02
3 3
0 0 1 0 1 3 0
8 x +1 ( 3 x ) dx= ( x +1 ) ( 3 x ) dx= u du
1
3 2
1
3 2 2
1
2 2[ ]
u2
3 1
3
u=x +1
2
du=3 x dx
0
2
3
[ ( x +1 ) ]
3 3
1
0
2
3
[ ( 0 +1 ) ((1 ) + 1 ) ]
3 3 3 3
1
2
[ 1 0 ]
3
2 2 2
[ 10 ]= [ 1 ]=
3 3 3
[]
3 10
3 10
[ ]
10 10 1 10 1 2
u 2 2 10
9 y 1 dy= ( y1 ) dy= u du=
3
2 2
= u2
3 2
3
[ ( y1 )3 ]2
2 2 2
2 2
u= y1 dy
du=dy
2
[ 729 1 ]
3
2 2 52
[ 271 ]= [ 26 ] = +c
3 3 3
1 7
[]
7 7 7 1 7 1 2
1 1 du 1 u
10 dx = 1
dx= ( 2 x +2 ) dx= u2 2
1 2 x +2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1
( 2 x+ 2 ) 2
u=2 x +2 1
du=2 dx
7
1 du32
2 u2 =dx
2 1
[ ] 7 7
1 [ 2 x+2 ]1 =1 [ 2 ( 7 ) +2 2 ( 1 ) +2 ]1=1 [ 16 4 ] =1 [ 42 ] =1 [ 2 ] =2
[]
du 1
2
x +1 x +1 2
3 1 du 1
1 1 u2
11 dx = dx= +c
3 12 3
2
1 1
= = u du 3 1
x 3+3 x 3
( x +3 x ) 2
u 2
u 2
u=x 3 +3 x
2
du=3 x +3 dx
du=3 ( x +1 ) dx
du
=x+ 1dx
3
[ ]
1
1
2 u 2 + c
3
2 3
3
x +3 x +c
12
( x 1 )
x
dx= u ( 2 du )=2
3
[ ]
u4
4
1
2
1
+ c= [ u4 ] +c = [ x1 ] +c
2
x1
2
+c
1
u=x 2 1
1
1
du= x 2 dx
2
1
du
=x 2 dx
1
sin 2 3 3
3
d= cos . sin d= u .du
cos 1
2 du=x 2 dx
13
u3 . du
[ ]
u2
2
+c
( 12 )[ u 2
] +c
[ ]
1 1
2 u2
+c
1
[ ]1
2 cos2
+c
1
+c
2 . cos2
INTEGRALES
2 2
x 1 u
1 dx= ( x +1 ) dx= u . du= + c 2
x1 2 x 1| x1
x 2 + x
u=x +1 1 x+ 1
u2 + c
du=dx 2 x1
x +1
0
1
( x+1 )2 +c
2
du
2 1 3 2
x + 4 x +2 3 1 du 1 ln |x +6 x +6 x1|+ c
2 dx=
u 3 u 3
= = ln |u|+ c 3
x +6 x 2 +6 x1
3
u=x 3 +6 x 2+ 6 x1
2
du=3 x +12 x+6 dx
du=3 ( x2 + 4 x+ 2 ) dx
du 2
=( x + 4 x +2 ) dx
3
eu . du= esin x +c
e sin x cos x dx=
3
u=sin x
du=cos x dx
5 dx 5 du du
4
x ln x u
= =5 =5 ln|u|+c
u
5 ln |ln x|+c
u=ln x
1
du= dx
x
3
u[] [
1
4 sin x ] +c
3 [ ]
1
cos x
4 [ sin x ] + c
3
4 [ sin x ] + c
cos x
9 ln x dx au 9ln x
6 = au du= + c= +c
x lna ln 9
u=ln x
1
du= dx
x
6
u 2 x 3 x
( 4 x 1 ) = a du= a + c= 12
6
7 12 2 x 3 x 5 u
+c
lna ln12
6
u=2 x 3 x
du=12 x 53 dx
du=3 ( 4 x 51 ) dx
du 5
1 =( 4 x 1 ) dx
3
1+ x 2 2
2x
8 2 x 1+ x 2 dx=
3
u=1+
2
x2
u
du=2 +c x dx
3du
=x dx
22
3
2
( u ) 2 +c
3
3
2
( 1+ x 2) 2 + c
3
2
3
( 1+ x2 )
3
1
2 x+ 1 2 3 1
1
u=2 x +1
dx
10du=2
du
0
2
x+1 dx=
1
0
[]
1 u
2 3
2
2
0
1 2
u2
2 3
[ ]
3 1
=dx 1
1 2
[ ( 2 x +1 ) ]0
3
3
1 1
3
[ ( 2 ( 1 )+ 1 ) ( 2 ( 0 ) +1 ) ]
3 3
3
[ ( 3 ) 3 ( 1 ) 3 ]
1
[ 27 1 ]
3
1
[ 3 31 ]= 1+3 3
3 3
2 2 2
dx
=
1 du
(35 x )2 1 u2 5
=
1
5 1
u2
du=
1 u1
( )5 1 [ ] 1
1 1 2
[ u ]1
2
5
u=35 x 11
1
du=5 dx
du
1 =dx1 2
[ ( 35
5 x ) ]1
5
1
5
[ ( 35 ( 2 ) ) ][ ( 35 ( 1 ) ) ]
1 1
5
[ (7 )1(2 )1 ]
[
1 1 1
5 7 2
+
]
[ ]
1 5
=
1
5 14 14
2 2 2
12 ( x +1 ) dx= x dx+ 1 dx
6 6
2 2 2
7 2
x
[ ]
7 2
2
+ [ x ]2
1 72 2
[ x ]2+ [ x ]2
7
1
[ ( 2 )7 (2 )7 ] + [ 2(2 ) ]
7
1
[ 128 (128 ) ] + [ 4 ]
7
1
[ 256 ] + [ 4 ]
7
256 284
+ 4=
7 7
PRACTICA (INTEGRE)
5 5
(3 x1)
1. 3(3 x1) dx= u du= u +C=
4 4
+C
5 5
u= 3x-1
du= 3dx
2
x
x
x
2+
2.
u2
(2 x +1)(+ x) dx= u du= + c=
2
2
u=x + x
Du= 2x + 1 dx
3
x 2
3
3.
3
1
u2 2
3 x x 2 dx= u
2 3 2
du=
3
+ c=
3
2
U= x - 2
Du= 3x dx
du u1
4. (12 x 2)2 u 2 = 1 +c= (121 x2 ) + c
4 x
=
u=12 x 2
du=4 x dx
4x
cos
5.
u3 1
4 cos2
4 x . sen 4 x dx= u 2
du dx=
3
+c =
3
u=cos 4 x
Du= -sen 4x
1
sec 2 dx
6. tanx = du1 dx= u 2 du dx= 1/2
tan x
+ c=2 tanx+ c
2
u
u=tanx
Du= sec x
cos u3
7. x sen x dx = u du dx= 3 + c=1
2 3 3
3
cos x3 +c .
u=x 3
2
du=x
3
( 5 x 2+ 1 ) ( 10 x ) dx= u2 du dx= u3 + c= 13 ( 5 x2 +1 ) + c
2 3
8.
2
u=5 x +1
du=10 x dx
1
3
x +
9. 3
3
1 2
du 1 1 u 2
x 2 x 3 +1 dx= u 2
3
dx= u1 /2 du dx=
3 3 3/2
+ c=
9
u=x 3 +1
du
du=3 x 2 dx= =x 2 dx
3
du
10. x dx 2 1 u1 /2 1
2 = u 1/ 2 dx= 2 1/2 +c= 2 ( 2 ) u1 /2 +c= x 2+ 1+ c
x +1
2
u=x +1
du
du=2 x dx= =x dx
2
1
3
x
1
x3
11.
5
x
x2
u=x 31
du
du=3 x 2 dx= =x 2 dx
3
2
x
1
12.
x
2
u=x 1
du
du=2 x dx= =x dx
2
2
x
1+
4
13.
4
u3
5 x 1+ x dx =5 x 1+ x du 15
3 2 3 2
=5 +c= 3
2 4 8
3
2
u=1+ x
du
du=2 x dx= =dx
2
14.
1 1 3
du 1 1 2 2 1
x 2 x 21 dx= u 2 4
dx= u 2 du dx=
4 ()
4 3
3
u +c= ( 2 x 21 ) + c
6
u=2 x 21
du
du=4 x dx= =x dx
4
FUNCIONES TRIGONOMTRICAS INVERSAS
TEOREMAS:
du u
1 =sin1 + c
a u
2 2 a
du 1 u
2 = tan 1 +c
a +u a a
22
du 1 u
3 = sec 1 + c
u u a a a
2 2
EJEMPLOS:
dx x
1 =sin1 +c
4x 2
2
a2 = 4
a=2
u2= x 2
u=x
dx 1 3x
2 2
= tan1 + c
2+9 x 2 2
a2 = 2
a= 2
u2= 9 x 2
u=3 x
x
1 dx e
3 =sin1 + C=sin1 e x +C
19 x 2
1
u2=e2 x
x
u=e
a2=1
a=1
du
x+ 2 x 2 2 dx
4 2
= dx + dx= 1
+ 2
4x 4x 2
4x 2 u 2 4x 2
1
2
u12=x 2
1
u=4x
dx
2
1 u x
u 2 2 du+2 du=2 . +2 sin1 +c
u=4x
2 4x2 x dx 2 1
du 2
=x dx 2
2 1 2 x
a 1=42
2 1
a=2
(2 2
. 4 x ) +2 sin 1
2
+c
x
4x 2+2 sin1 + c
2
3 x3 2 12 x2 12 x 2
5 2
dx= 3 xdx 2 dx= 3 xdx 2 2 dx
x +4 x +4 x +4 x +4
12 x 2
3 xdx 2
2 dx
x +4 x +4
3 x3 2| x2 + 4
3
3x x dx
3xxdx
3 12
12x
dx2 2
12 x2 2
x +4 x +4
2
u=x +4 du
du=2 x dx 2 dx
3duxdx 12 2 2
=x dx u x +4
2
2
3x 1 du 1 x
12. 2 tan1 +c
2 2 u 2 2
3 x2 x
6 ln |x 2+ 4|tan1 + c
2 2
PRCTICA
1 dx 3x
1 =sin1 +C
19 x 2 1
u2 = 9 x 2
u=3 x
a2= 1
a=1
1 1
2
dx
0 4x
2 [
= sin1
x
] [
2 0
1
] 0
= sin1 sin1 = 300=30
2 2
u2 = x 2
u=x
a2 = 4
a=2
1 1 x
3 dx = tan +c
9+ x 2
3 3
u2= x 2
u=x
a2=9
a=3
1
x
1 1 x1
4 dx= tan 1 +C
4 +( 2 2 2
1
x
u = ( 2
2
u=x 1
a2= 4
a=2
dx 1 x1
5 = sec1 +C
( x1 ) ( x 1 42 2 2
1
x
u2= ( 2
u=x 1
a2 = 4
a=2
x3 x x
2
dx= x +2
u=x +1 2 = x 2 dx
x +1 x +1 x +1
du=2 x dx
du 6
du2 =x dx
x2 2
+C
2 u
x 2 1 du
+C
2 2 u
x2 1 2
|xu+1 +C
x 3ln
2 2 3
x x x
2 x
x 1
ln x 2 +1 + C
2 2
4
7
x 1
dx= x 21+ 2
0 x3
2 x +c
x +1 x +1 3
x 41|x 2 +1
x 2x 2 x 21
2
x 1
2
x +1
0
du
2
t 2 1 du 1 1 1 t
8 4 dt= 2 = 2 = . tan +C
t +16 t +4 2 t +4 2 4 4
2
u=t +4 2
1du=2t
1 tdt
tan +C
8du 4
=t dt
2
u2 = t 4
2
u=t
a2= 16
a=4
2
dx 1 1 x
9 = sec +C
x 2 x 4 4 2 2
u2= x 4
2
u=x
a2= 4
a=2
INTEGRALES QUE CONDUCEN A LAS FUNCIONES TRIGONOMETRICAS
HIPERBLICAS INVERSAS
TEOREMAS:
du 1 u
1 =sinh +c
u + a
2 2 a
du 1 u
2 =cosh +c
u a
2 2 a
du 1 1 u
3 = tanh +c
a u a a
2 2
EJEMPLO:
10 10 10
1
6
dx
x 25
2 [
= cosh1
u
a ] [ 6
= cosh1
x
5 ]
6
=cosh 1
10
5
cosh1
6
5
1.320.62
a=5
0.7
u2= x 2
u=x
PRCTICA
dx x
1 =sin h1 + C
x +4
2 2
a2 = 4
a=2
u2 = x 2
u=x
dx 1 1 x
2 = tanh +c
25x 5 5
2
a2= 25
a=5
u2= x 2
u=x
2
xdx 1 du 1 x
3 = =cos h +c
x 41 2 x 4 1 1
1
cos h1 x2 +c
2
a2= 1
a=1 u=x 21
u2 = x 4 du=2 x dx
2
u=x du
=x dx
2
dx 5x
4 =sin h1 + c
25 x +9
2 3
a2 = 9
a=3
u2= 25 x2
u=5 x
dt 1 2t
=cos h +c
4 t 5
2 2.23
5
a2 = 5
a=2.23 u=2 t
du=2 dt
u2= 4 t 2 du
=dt
u=2 t 2
5 5
6
3
dx
x 24 [
= cosh
1 x
] [
2 3
= cosh
1 5
2
cosh
1 3
2 ]
[ cosh 2.5cosh 1.5 ]
1 1
[ 1.560.96 ]
0.6
a2 = 4
a=2
u2= x 2
u=x
2 2
7
2
dx
16+ x 2 [
= sinh 1 x
4 ]
2
[ 2
sinh 1 sinh 1
4
2
4 ]
a2 = 5
0.4812(0.4812)
a=2.23
u2= 4 t 2 0.4812+0.4812
u=2 t
0.96
INTEGRALES POR PARTES
u dv=u . v v du
u
du derivando a u
dv
v Integrando a dv
EJEMPLOS:
2 x 2 e x dx=x 2 e x e x .2 x dx u=x
2
u=x
du=2 x dx du=dx
x 2 e x 2 e x x dx dv= e x dx
dv= e x dx
x 2 e x 2 [ x . e x e x x dx ] v =e
x
v =e x
x 2 e x 2 x2 e x 2 e x +c
2 x x x
x e 2 x e 2 e + c
x
3 e x sin x dx=e x cos x cos x . e x dx u=e
x
du=e dx
e x sin x dx=e x cos x + e x . cos x dx dv= sin x dx
e x sin x dx=e x cos x +e x sin x e x .sin x dx v =cos x
x
u=e
x
du=e dx
dv= cos x dx
v =sin x
e x sin x dx + e x sin x dx=e x sin xe x cos x
2 e x sin x dx=e x sin x e x cos x
x x
e sin x dx= e sin xe
x
2
cos x
PRCTICA
INTEGRALES POR PARTES
1 1
1 x e3 x dx=x . e3 x e 3 x dx
3 3 dv= e3 x dx u=x
1 1 du=dx
. x . e x e 3 x dx dv= eu
du
3 3 3
1 3x
1 1 1 v= e
. x . e3 x e3 x + c 3
3 3 3 u=3 x
du=3 dx
1 3x 1 3x du
. x . e e +c =dx
3 9 3
1
2 x cos 2 x dx=x sin2 x dx
2
u=x
1 1 du=dx
x sin 2 x sin2 x dv= cos 2 x dx
2 2
1 1 1
. x sen 2 x cos 2 x +c
2 2 2
3x 3x
3 x 3x dx=x dx
ln3 ln
u=x
du=dx
3x 1
x 3 x dx
ln 3 ln 3
dv= 3 x dx= au du
u
3x 1 3x a
x +c +c
ln 3 ln 3 ln 3 ln a
x
3x 3x 3
x +c +c
ln 3 ln 2 3 ln3
u=x
4 x sec x dx=x . tan x tan x dx
2 du=dx
x3 1 1 3 3
ln x . . x + c x |x
3 3 3
x 3 x2
3 0
x 1 3
ln x . x +c
3 9
1 1
6 x 2 sin 3 x dx=x 3 . cos 3 x cos 3 x . 2 x dx u=x 2
3 3
du=2 x dx
1 2 +2
x . cos 3 x cos 3 x . x dx
3 3 dv= sin 3 x dx
1
v= cos 3 x
1
x2 . cos 3 x
3
+2
3
1
[ 1
x . sin x sin 3 x dx
3 3 ] 3
1 2 2
x 2 . cos 3 x+ x sin x sin 3 x dx u=3 x
3 9 9 du
=x dx
3
1 2 2 1
x 2 cos 3 x + x sin x . cos 3 x +c
3 9 9 3
dv= cos 3 x . x dx
1
1 2 2 2 v = sen 3 x
x cos 3 x + x sin x + cos 3 x +c 3
3 9 27
x
u=e
7 e x cos x dx=e x sin x sin x . e x dx du=e x dx
dv= cos x dx
e x cos x dx=e x sin x [ e x .cos x dx e x .cos x dx ] v =sin x
e x cos x dx=e x sin x +e x .cos x dx e x . cos x dx
8 x 5 e x 2 dx= x 4 . x . e x dx 4
u=x
du=4 x 3 dx
1 1 2 2
x 4 . . e x e x . 4 x 3 dx
2 2
1 1 2 2
. x 4 . e x .4 e x . x 3 dx
2 2 dv= e x dx
2
du
1 2
. x 4 . e x 2 x . x 2 . e x dx
2
2
dv= eu
2 ( )
1 2
v = ex
2
1 12
1
[
x 4 . e x 2 x 2 . . e x . e x .2 x dx
2 2 2
2 2
] u=x 2 dx
du
1 2
1 2 2 =x dx
x 4 . e x x 2 . e x +2. . 2 . e x . x dx 2
2 2
1 2 2 2
x 4 . e x x 2 . e x +2 . e x . x dx
2 u=x 3
2
1 2
1 2
du=3 x dx
. x 4 . e x x 2 .e x +2. . e x + c
2 2
1 2 2
. x 4 . e x x 2 .e x +e x + c
2
2 2 2
9 x 3 dx= x .
0
3x
3x
ln 3 ln 3
2 x
.2 x dx [ 2
] [ 0
2
x .
3x
2
ln x ln 3 3 x . x . dx ] 0
2
x x
u=x
3 3
x. dx
ln 3 ln x du=2 x dx
3x 2
x2 . []
ln 3 ln3
2
[
x .
2 3x 2
ln x ln 3
x 2
2 ( x . 3 )+ 2 3
ln 3
x
]
0
2 u=x 2
[ ]
x x x
2 3 2 x.3 2 3 du=2 x dx
x . 2 + 2 .
ln x ln 3 ln 3 ln 3 0 dv= 3 x dx
x 2
3x
[ ]
2 x x
x . 3 2 x .3 2.3 v= +c
2 + 3
ln 3 ln 3 ln 3 0
ln3
[( 2 ) . 3 2 ( 2 ) . 3 2 ( 3 )2
][ ]
2 2 2
( 0 )2 . 30 2 ( 0 ) .3 0 2 ( 3 )0
+ 3 + 3
ln 3 ln 2 3 ln 3 ln 3 ln 2 3 ln 3
[ ( 4 )( 9 ) ( 4 ) ( 9 ) 18
1.09 1.21 1.33
+
0
][0
+
2
1.09 1.21 1.33 ]
36 36 18 2
+ =15.31
1.09 1.21 1.33 1.33
2 U=2 x
1 1
10 x e dx= x . .e 2 x e2 x . dx
2x
0 2 2 du /2=22 x
dv= x e 2 x
1 1
. x . e2 x e2 x dx
2 2
1 1 1 1
. x . e2 x . e 2 x V = e2 x
2 2 2 2
2
1
[ 1
x e 2 x e2 x
2 4 ] 0
[ 1
2 4 ][
( 2. e 2( 2) ) 1 ( e2 (2 ) ) 1 ( 0. e2 ( 0) ) 1 ( e2 (0 ) )
2 4 ]
[ 1
2 ][
( 2. e 4 ) 1 ( e 4 ) 0 1 ( e 0)
4 4 ]
[ 1
2
1
( 109.17 ) ( 54.59 )
4
1
4
(1) ][ ]
109.17 54.59 1
+ =41.19
2 4 4
2
1 2
2 1 u=z
11 z cos x dx= . z . sin 2 z sin 2 z . 2 z dz du=2 z dz
2 2
dv= cos 2 z
1
v = sen 2 z
2
1 2 1
. z .sin 2 z .2 sin2 z . z dz
2 2
1 1
. z .cos 2 z cos 2 z dz
2 2
1
. z2 . sin 2 z
2
2
1 z 1 u=z
. z .sin 2 z+ cos 2 z cos 2 z dz
2 2 2 du=dz
[ ]
2
1 z 1 1
. z . sin 2 z + cos 2 z . sin 2 z dv= sen 2 z
2 2 2 2
1
[ ]
2
1 z 1 v = cos 2 z dz
. z . sin 2 z + cos 2 z sin 2 z 2
2 2 4
Remplazando
[ ]
2
1 180 1
. ( 180 ) . sin 2 (180 )+ cos 2 (180 ) sin 2 (180 )
2 2 4
[ ]
2
1 1
. ( 180 ) . sin 360+90 cos 360 sin 360
2 4
[ 0+900 ] =90
Remplazando
[ ]
2
1 180 1
. (180 ) . sin 2 (180 ) + cos 2 (180 ) sin 2 (180 )
2 2 4
[ ]
2
1 1
. ( 32400 ) . sin 36090 cos360 sin360 u=x 2
2 4
du=2 x dx
[ 0900 ] =90
u=x
du=dx
dv= senx
v =cosx dx
12 x 2 cos x =x2 sin x sin x .2 x dx
x 2 . sin x2 sin x . x dx
1 1 2
13 x 2 e3 x dx=x 2 . e3 x e .2 x dx
3 3 u=x
2
du=2 x dx
1 2 3 x 2 3 x
x . e + e . x dx
3 3
dv= e3 x
1
3
2
3 [ 1
x2 . e3 x + x . e3 x
3
1 3 x
3
e dx ] v=
1 3 x
3
e
1 2 3 x 2 3 x 2 1 3 x
x . e x . e . e dx u=3 x
3 9 3 3
du=3 dx
1 2 2 1 3 x du
x2 . e3 x x . e3 x + . e + c =dx
3 9 9 3 3
1 2 3 x 2 3 x 2 3 x
x . e x . e e + c
3 9 27
u=x
1 2 2
(
e3 x x2 + x + +c
3 3 9 ) du=dx
u=x 2
14 x2 sin x dx =x 2 cos x cos x .2 x dx
du=2 x dx
x2 cos x +2 cosx. x dx
dv= senx
dv= cosx
v =senx dx
1 u= ( ln x )2
15 ln 2 x dx=x . ln 2 x x .2 ln x . dx x . ln 2 x2 ln x dx
x
du=2 ln x ( 1x ) dx
[ 1
x . ln 2 x2 x ln x x . dx
x ] dv= dx
x . ln 2 x2 x ln x +2 1 dx vu=ln
=x x
1
x . ln 2 x2 x ln x +2 x +c du= dx
x
dv= dx
v =x
FRACCIONES PARCIALES
CARACTERISTICAS:
1. Si el grado de P(x) no es menor que el de Q(x) se deben dividir los polinomios para
obtener la forma apropiada.
CASOS
P(x) P(x)
=
Q( x) ( a1 x+b 1 )( a2 +b2 ) ( an x+ bn )
En donde todos los factores (ai + bi), i=1,2,..n son distintos y el grado de P(x) es
menor que n, entonces existen constantes reales nicas C1, C2,..Cn tales que
P(x) C1 C2 Cn
= + ++
Q( x) a1 x +b 1 a2 x +b 2 a n x +b n
P(x) P(x )
=
Q( x) (ax +b)n
P(x) A1 x+ B1 A2 x+ B2 A n x + Bn
= + + +
( a1 x2 +b 1 x +c 1 )(a 2 x 2+ b2 x+ c2 ) (an x 2+ bn x + cn ) ( a1 x2 +b 1 x +c 1 ) ( a2 x2 +b 2 x +c 2 ) ( a n x 2 +bn x+ c
P(x )
Este ultimo caso considera al integrando en donde
(a x + bx+ c)n 2
P(x ) A 1 x +B 1 A2 x+ B2 A n x +B n
= + + +
(a x 2+ bx+ c)2 a x2 +bx +c (a x 2+ bx+ c)2 (a x 2 +bx+ c)n
x +1
1 dx
x2 16
Solucin: Primero se observa que el denominador se puede factorizar como
(x-4)(x+4) para expresar el integrando de la forma:
x+ 1 A B
= +
( x4 ) (x+ 4) x4 x +4
x+ 1 A ( x+ 4 ) + B(x4)
Sumando el segundo miembro: =
( x4 ) ( x+ 4) ( x4 ) ( x+ 4)
x+ 1= A ( x+ 4 )+ B( x4)
x+ 1=( A+ B ) x+(4 A4 B)
1= A+ B
1=4 A4 B
A= 5/8 B=3/8
x +1 5/8 3/8 5 3
x2 16 dx = x4 dx+ x +4 dx= 8 ln|x4|+ 8 ln|x+ 4|+C
x2 +2 x6
( x1)3 dx
2 2
x +2 x6= A x 2 Ax+ A +BxB+C
A=1
B=4
C=3
x1
2
2
x2 +2 x+ 6 dx 4 dx 3 dx 4 3
(x1)3 dx= x1 + (x1)2 + (x1) 3
=ln |x1|
x1
+
EJEMPLOS PRCTICOS
5 x3
1 2
dx=
x 2 x3
2
x 2 x 3=( x3 )( x +1 )
5 x +3 A B
= +
( x3 ) ( x +1 ) ( x3 ) ( x +1 )
( x3 ) ( x +1 ) 5 x 3 A B
=( x3 ) ( x+ 1 ) + ( x3 ) ( x+1 )
( x3 )( x +1 ) ( x3 ) ( x +1 )
5 x3=( x +1 ) A + ( x3 ) B
5 x3=x ( A + B ) +( A3 B)
{A3
A+ B=5
B=3
A+B = 5
AB=5 A+2 = 5
A3 B=3 A = 5-2
4 B=8 A=3
8
B=
4
B=2
5 x3 A B
x2 2 x3 dx= ( x3 ) dx+ ( x +1 ) dx
3 2
dx + dx
( x3 ) ( x +1 )
6 x+ 7
1 dx=
( x+2 )2
6 x+7 A B
= +
( x +2 ) ( x+2 ) ( x +2 )2
2
( x +2 )2 .6 x +7 2 A 2 B
2
=( x+2 ) + ( x+2 ) 2
( x +2 ) ( x +2 ) ( x +2 )
6 x+ 7=( x +2 ) A + B
6 x+ 7= Ax+2 A+ B
6 x+ 7=x ( A ) +(2 A+ B)
{2 A+A=6
B=+7
2 A+ B=+7
2 ( 6 ) +B=+7
B=+712
B= 5
6 x +7 A B u=x +2
( x+2 )2 dx= ( x +2 ) dx+ ( x +2 )2 dx du=dx
6 5
dx+ dx
( x +2 ) ( x+ 2 )2
1
6 ln |x3|5 du
u2
6 ln |x3|5 u2 du
1
6 ln |x3|5 ( x+ 2 ) + c
5
6 ln |x3| +c
x+2
PRCTICA
FRACCIONES PARCIALES
dx
1 2
=
x 4
x 24=( x2 )( x +2 )
x2
( x2 )( x +2 ) .1 A B
= ( x 2 )( x +2 ) + ( x2 ) ( x+ 2 )
( x2 )( x +2 ) ( x2 ) ( x+ 2 )
1=( x +2 ) A + ( x2 ) B
1= Ax+2 A+ Bx2 B
1=x ( A +B )+(2 A2 B)
{2 A2
A+ B=0
B=1
A + B=0
2 A2 B=0 1
2 A2 B=1 A =0
4
4 B=1 1
1 A=
B= 4
4
dx A B u=x 2
x2 + 4 = ( x2 ) dx+ ( x+ 2 ) dx du=dx
1 1
4 4 u=x +2
dx + dx du=dx
( x2 ) ( x +2 )
1 1
4 4
du+ du
u u
1 1
ln |u| ln |u|+ c
4 4
1 1
ln |x2| ln |x+ 2|+c
4 4
3 x2
2 3 2
dx=
x x 2 x
x 3x 22 x =x ( x 2x2 ) =x ( x2 )( x +1 )
3 x2 A B C
= + +
x ( x2 ) ( x+1 ) x ( x2 ) ( x+1 )
x ( x2 ) ( x+1 ) 3 x2 A B C
=x ( x2 )( x +1 ) + x ( x2 ) ( x+ 1 ) + x ( x2 ) ( x+1 )
x ( x2 )( x +1 ) x ( x2 ) ( x+1 )
3 x2=( x2 )( x +1 ) A+ x ( x+ 1 ) B+ x ( x 2 ) C
3 x2=( x 2x2 ) A+ ( x 2+ x ) B + ( x 22 x ) C
2 2 2
3 x2= A x Ax2 A+ B x + Bx +C x 2Cx
{
A +B+ C=0 2
=3 A= =1
A+ B2C 2
2 A=2
2+2 B+2 C=0 A + B+C=0
A + B+C=0 1+ B2C=3 2
1+ +C=0
A+ B2 C=3 1+3 B=3 3
3 B=31 5
2 +C=0
B= 3
3 5
C=
3
A B C u=x
dx + dx + dx
x ( x2 ) ( x +1 ) du=dx
3 x2
x 3x 2
2 x
dx=
2 5 u=x 2
1 3 3 du=dx
dx+ dx + dx
x ( x2 ) ( x+1 )
u=x +1
2 5 du=dx
1 3 3
du+ du+ du
u (u) (u)
2 5
ln |x|+ ln |x2| ln|x +1|c
3 3
1
3 2
dx=
( x 5 x+ 6 )
( x3 ) ( x2 )
1 A B
= +
( x3 ) ( x2 ) ( x3 ) ( x2 )
( x3 ) ( x2 ) .1 A B
=( x3 )( x2 ) + ( x 3 ) ( x 2 )
( x3 )( x2 ) ( x 3 ) ( x2 )
1=( x2 ) A+ ( x3 ) B
1= Ax2 A+ Bx3 B
1=x ( A +B )+(2 A3 B)
{2A+A3B=0B=1
A + B=0
2 A+ 2 B=0 A1=0
2 A3 B=1 A=1
B=1
B= 1
1 A B u=x 3
( 2
dx =
( x3 )
dx +
( x2 )
dx du=dx
x 5 x+6 )
1 1
dx + dx u=x 2
( x3 ) ( x 2 ) du=dx
1 1
du du
u u
ln |u|ln |u|+ c
ln |x3|ln|x2|+c
2
5 x +20 x+ 6
4 dx=
( x 3 +2 x 2 + x )
x ( x 2 +2 x +1 ) =x ( x +1 ) ( x +1 )
1 A B C
= + +
x ( x+1 )( x +1 ) x ( x+1 ) ( x+1 )
x ( x+1 )( x +1 ) . A B c
=x ( x+ 1 )( x +1 ) + x ( x +1 ) ( x +1 ) + x ( x +1 )( x +1 )
x ( x+1 ) ( x+ 1 ) x ( x +1 ) ( x +1 )2
{
A +B=5
2 A+ B+C=20
A=6
2
u=x
5xx3++202
x+ 6
2x +x
A
dx= dx+
x
B
( x +1 )
dx +
C
( x+1 )
dx
du=dx
6 1 9 u=x +1
dx+ dx + dx
x ( x+ 1 ) ( x +1 ) du=dx
6 1 9
du du+ du u=x +1
u u u
du=dx
|u|ln |u|+ 9 ln |u|+ c
6 ln
x 21=( x1 ) ( x+ 1 )
x1
1 A B
= +
( x1 )( x +1 ) ( x1 ) ( x+1 )
( x1 )( x +1 ) .1 A B
=( x1 )( x +1 ) + ( x1 ) ( x +1 )
( x1 ) ( x+ 1 ) ( x1 ) ( x +1 )
1=( x +1 ) A + ( x1 ) B
1= Ax+ A+ BxB
{AB=1
A+ B=0
A + B=0
A B=0 1 1
+ B=0 B=
AB=1 2 2
2 A=1
1
A=
2
1 A B u=x 1
x2 1 dx= ( x1 ) dx + ( x+1 ) dx du=dx
1 1
u=x +1
2 2
dx+ dx du=dx
( x1 ) ( x +1 )
1 1
2 2
du du
u u
1 1
ln |u| ln |u|+c
2 2
1 1
ln |x1| ln| x+1|+ c
2 2
3
6 2
dx=
x + x2
( x+ 2 )( x1 )
3 A B
= +
( x +2 ) ( x1 ) ( x +2 ) ( x1 )
( x +2 ) ( x1 ) .3 A B
=( x+2 )( x1 ) + ( x+2 )( x1 )
( x +2 ) ( x1 ) ( x +2 ) ( x1 )
3= ( x 1 ) A+ ( x +2 ) B
3= Ax A+ Bx+2 B
3=x ( A + B ) +(A+2 B)
{A2
A+ B=0
B=3
A + B=0 A + B=0
A+ 2 B=1 A +1=0 A=1
3 B=1
3
B= =1
3
3 A B u=x +2
x2 + x2 dx= ( x+2 ) dx+ ( x1 ) dx du=dx
1 1
dx+ dx u=x 1
( x +2 ) ( x1 ) du=dx
1 1
du+ du
u u
1 ln|u|+1 ln|u|+c
4 x 2+ x(2)2
( 5x )
7 2
dx= 2
2 x + x1
( 2 x +2 )( 2 x1 )
( x+ 1 )( 2 x1 ) 2
5x A B 2 ( x +1 )( 2 x1 )
= +
( x +1 ) ( 2 x1 ) ( x +1 ) ( 2 x 1 ) 2
( x+1 )( 2 x1 )
( x +1 ) ( 2 x1 ) .5x A B
=( x +1 ) ( 2 x1 ) + ( x+ 1 )( 2 x1 )
( x +1 ) ( 2 x1 ) ( x+1 ) ( 2 x1 )
5x= ( 2 x1 ) A+ ( x +1 ) B
5x=x ( 2 A +B )+( A+ B)
{2AA++B=1
B=5
2 AB=1 A+ B=5
A+ B=5 (2)+ B=5
3 A=6 2+B=5
6 B=52
A= =2
3 B=3
5x A B u=x +1
2 x 2 + x1 dx = ( x +1 ) dx + ( 2 x1 ) dx du=dx
2 3
dx + dx u=2 x1
( x +1 ) ( 2 x1 ) du=2 dx
du
2 3 du =dx
du+ . 2
u u 2
3
2 ln|u|+ ln |u|+ c
2
3
2 ln|x +1|+ ln|2 x1|+ c
2
2
x +12 x+ 12
4 dx=
( x 34 x )
x ( x 24 ) =x ( x2 )( x +2 )
x2
x 2 +12 x+12 A B C
= + +
x ( x2 ) ( x+2 ) x ( x2 ) ( x+2 )
x ( x2 ) ( x+2 ) A B c
=x ( x2 ) ( x +2 ) + x ( x2 ) ( x +2 ) + x ( x 2 )( x +2 )
x ( x2 ) ( x+2 ) x ( x2 ) ( x +2 )
x 2+12 x+ 12=( x2 ) ( x+ 2 ) A+ x ( x+ 2 ) B+ x ( x2 ) C
x 2+12 x+ 12=( x 24 ) A+ ( x 2 +2 x ) B+ ( x 22 x ) C
2 2 2 2
x +12 x+ 12= A x 4 A +B x +2 Bx+ C x 2Cx
{
A +B +C=1 A=
+2 B2 C=12 4
4 A=12 A=3
A + B+C=1
3+ B1=1
3+ B+C=1(2)
B=1+3+1 B=5
62 B2C=2
+2 B2C=12
64 C=10
4 C=106
4
C= =1
4
2
u=x
x +12
3
x+ 12
x 4 x
A
dx= dx +
x
B
( x2 )
dx +
C
( x+2 )
dx
du=dx
3 5 1 u=x 2
dx+ dx+ dx
x ( x2 ) ( x+ 2 ) du=dx
3 5 1
du+ du du u=x +2
u u u
du=dx
|u|+5 ln|u|1 ln |u|+ c
3 ln