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(Levillier, 1928.)
Looping Cruz unida y anudar. como kmtttng y ganchillo. son tcnicas de un solo
elemento. Una hebra de hilo se enrolla alrededor de s mismo para crear un
tejido o bordes. al igual
a diferencia de la inter-cordn de hilos de textiles tejidas. Cruz unida bucle
produce una textura superficial muy parecidas a tejer. pero con una puntada
cruzada.
Pre-Hispanic Knitting-Related Techniques
Because most ancient highland textiles have deteriorated due to centuries in
the Andean mountain environment, only garments and fabrics from tombs
along the arid Pacific coast remain. Preserved by dry winds and desert sands,
funeral bundles from pre-Hispanic gravesites have yielded exquisite textiles
and objects which have proved invaluable to archeologists, ethnologists and
others seeking to understand early South American cultures.
The ancient custom of burying the dead with the implements of their art or
craft helps to reconstruct their mode of life. Weavers dressed in their best
clothes are buried with their looms and workbaskets containing spindles,
bobbins, skeins and balls of cotton and wool. feathers, "weave daggers." "warp
weights."
wooden and bone needles.
(Levillier, 1928.)
Often more than one hundred textiles. made and decorated especially for the
burial ritual, enveloped a
mummified body. Exquisite woven. painted and embroidered treasures. as well
as some superb specimens of knotted and looped textiles may be found in a
single mummy bundle.
Knotting and cross-knit looping are two single-element fabric structures related
to knitting techniques, and considered antecedents to modern knitting. The
lack of knitting needles and knitted cloth in the tombs indicates that knitting as
we know it did exist in Peru and Bolivia betyre European contact.
Nor has anything resembling a crochet hook been discovered in the ancient
gravesites.
Pre-Hispanic fiber artists spun and dyed cotton and/or camelid hair, usually
alpaca, for most textiles. Dyes came from the cochineal insect, the bark of the
false pepper tree (Chinus rrullis) and indigo, plus other substances not known
to us. (d'Harcourt, 1934. 1962.) For fine looping and knotting projects, they
used alpaca spun thread-thin. and single needles with eyes, much Iike sewing
needles but made of guaranga or cactus spines. Fish bones or needles made of
copper,
gold or Silver were used for coarse work.
Cross-knit looping and knotting. like knitting and crocheting are single-element
techniques. One strand of yarn loops around itself to create a fabric or edging.
as
opposed to the inter-lacing of threads in woven textiles. Cross-knit looping
produces a surface texture closely resembling knitting. but with a crossed
stitch. TECNOLOGA Y TERCERIZACIN